Can someone help me with question 8 and 9

Answer:

It would be arthropoda

Explanation:

Insects and arthropods are the only invertebrates able to fly since insects are not a part of your list arthropoda would be the answer. I hope this helps and if you can give me brainliest? :)

Answer:

Heterotrophs are organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis and therefore must obtain energy and carbon from food by consuming other organisms. The Greek roots of the word heterotroph mean "other" (hetero) "food" (trophy), which means that their food comes from other organisms. Although the food organism is a different animal, this food attributes its origin to autotrophs and the photosynthetic process. Humans are heterotrophs, like all animals. Heterotrophs depend directly or indirectly on autotrophs. Deer and wolves are heterotrophs. A deer gains energy by eating plants. A wolf that eats a deer originally gets its energy from the plants that the deer eats. The plant's energy comes from photosynthesis and is, therefore, the only autotrophic plant in this example (Figure 5.3). According to this consideration, all the foods that humans eat can also be traced back to autotrophs that carry out photosynthesis.

(1) Group of cell that work together as one to perform a single function is termed as Tissue . Then the group of tissue combine to form organs and further they combine to organ systems and further they combine to form organ system .

(2) They are unicellular green algae which belongs to family Volvocaceae of the Plantae Kingdom

(3) Hypothesis is the assumption which are taken on the behalf of the observation on small scale . They can be correct or incorrect depends on the number of observation and Hypothesis.

(4) Viruses are included in any of the kingdom because they are on the intermediate line of living and non living as they show properties of non living outside the host and properties of living inside the host

Bioaccumulation is the total accumulation of certain chemicals/contaminants in an organism, coming from diverse sources such as water, air, and diet. Therefore the case of mercury occurs when mercury is accumulated in an organism, for example, fish. The most common pathway for this to happen is through the food chain, nonetheless can occur through abiotic means, an example is in fish, where methylmercury is acquired through the gills.

When methylmercury is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract & enters the bloodstream and goes rapidly to other parts of the body.

Mercury is a persistent substance, which can bioaccumulate, in living organisms, inflicting increasing levels of harm on higher-order species such as predatory fish and fish-eating birds and mammals through a process known as "biomagnification"

The release of processed mercury can lead to a progressive increase in the amount of atmospheric mercury, which enters the atmospheric-soil-water distribution cycles where it can remain in circulation for years. Mercury poisoning is the result of exposure to mercury or mercury compounds resulting in various toxic effects depending on its chemical form and route of exposure.

The major route of human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is largely through eating contaminated fish, seafood, and wildlife that have been exposed to mercury through the ingestion of contaminated lower organisms.

King mackerel, marlin, orange roughy, shark, swordfish, tilefish, ahi tuna, and all contain high levels of mercury.

Human activity is the main cause of mercury release, especially coal-fired power stations, residential coal burning for heating and cooking, industrial processes, waste incinerators, and as a result of mining for mercury, gold, and other metals.

Reducing consumption of raw materials and products generating mercury releases

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Answer:

DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base. The four types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The order of these bases is what determines DNA's instructions, or genetic code.

Explanation:

Answer: Biomagnification refers to the process by which the concentration of a contaminant increases as you move to higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web. In other words, as organisms consume other organisms, the contaminants present in the prey accumulate and become more concentrated in the bodies of the predators.

To understand this process, let's consider an example involving a water ecosystem. Suppose a pollutant is released into the water, such as a pesticide or heavy metal. The primary producers, such as algae or aquatic plants, absorb small amounts of the contaminant from the water. As herbivorous organisms consume these primary producers, they ingest the contaminants along with their food.

Since the contaminant is not easily broken down or eliminated from the organisms' bodies, it accumulates over time. As a result, the concentration of the contaminant becomes higher in the herbivores than in the primary producers. Now, when carnivorous organisms consume the herbivores, they not only accumulate the contaminant from their own food but also from all the prey they have consumed. This leads to an even higher concentration of the contaminant in the carnivores.

Therefore, biomagnification describes the phenomenon where the concentration of a contaminant increases significantly as you move up the food chain or trophic levels. The highest concentration of contaminants is often found in top predators, such as large fish, birds of prey, or mammals, which can have adverse effects on their health and reproductive capabilities.

It's important to note that biomagnification primarily occurs for persistent and non-biodegradable contaminants that cannot be easily metabolized or excreted by organisms. These contaminants are often lipophilic (fat-soluble), which allows them to accumulate in fatty tissues and remain in the organism's body for long periods, leading to biomagnification.

Explanation:

Answer:

Passive transport

Explanation:

Passive transport is transport of substances without the requirement of energy. In contrast, active transport is the movement of substances that requires energy.

In the picture, the molecules are moving from a high concentration to a low concentration. This is transport down a concentration gradient, rather than against a concentration gradient.

Transporting molecules down the concentration gradient does not require energy, and is therefore passive transport.

Answer:

Phosphorus

Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15. Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms, white phosphorus and red phosphorus, but because it is highly reactive, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth.

Explanation:

Brainliest?

The sympathetic nervous system is associated with emotional and physical arousal.

In response to stress, danger, or arousal, the sympathetic nervous system, which is a part of the autonomic nervous system, sets off physiological responses like the "fight-or-flight" response. Stress hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline, which increase heart rate, blood pressure, pupil dilation, breathing rate, and alertness, are created.

These physiological adjustments prepare the body for powerful reactions to challenging circumstances. The sympathetic nervous system is important in both physical and emotional arousal. It also helps the body respond to stimuli and adapt to its surroundings.

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Answer:

Florikan developed polymer coated controlled - release fertilizer and Suprasensor developed soil sensors.

Explanation:

Florikan developed polymer coated controlled - release fertilizer which are fertilizers which gradually release their nutrients into the soil for plant use, while Suprasensor developed soil sensors which detect the presence of pesticides, fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals and prescribe soil salinity level which allow farmers to solve unmet needs while detecting and monitoring critical molecular components while cultivating.

Explanation: As the DNA is present in the nucleus, there is compartmentalisation and the process becomes more efficient without the interaction of external bodies. The membrane of the nucleus protects the DNA from injuries.

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The cells in the stratum granulosum, EXCEPT: is (a) are called squamous cells.

The cells in the stratum granulosum, which is the third layer of the epidermis, are not called squamous cells. They are typically described as flattened cells with distinct granules that give them a grainy appearance. These granules contain a protein called keratin, which is an important structural component of the skin. As these cells mature, they become more regularly shaped and tightly packed, forming a barrier that helps to protect the skin from environmental damage. Eventually, they are shed and replaced by cells from the deeper layers of the epidermis.

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Answer:

Parasitism; a tapeworm lives in the small intestines of a human, causing the human to get sick.

Explanation:

The true meaning of Parasitism is something that lives inside of something that can cause it to be sick or leave behind bacteria

The electron transport chain (ETC) occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane in cellular respiration because this is where the necessary components for the ETC are located.

The inner mitochondrial membrane is a highly specialized structure that is rich in protein complexes and enzymes that are responsible for the transfer of electrons and the production of ATP, which is the primary source of energy for the cell.The inner mitochondrial membrane is also organized into two distinct regions, the inner and outer membranes, that are separated by the intermembrane space.

The ETC takes place in the inner membrane, where the electron carriers, such as cytochromes, are embedded. These electron carriers transfer electrons along the ETC, and the energy released from this process is used to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient. This proton gradient is then used to generate ATP through the process of chemiosmosis.

Moreover, the inner mitochondrial membrane is also selectively permeable and this is important for maintaining the necessary conditions for the ETC to take place. The inner mitochondrial membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer that serves as a barrier to prevent the leakage of protons and other small molecules, which would disrupt the proton gradient and inhibit ATP production.

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The statement that "Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain bacteria-like vesicles" does not support the endosymbiotic theory. The correct answer is option a.

Endosymbiotic theory is the concept that eukaryotic cells arose from symbiotic partnerships between various types of prokaryotic cells. As per the endosymbiotic theory, organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts were once separate bacterial cells that were absorbed by other larger cells.

There are several pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory like:

Thus the statement that "Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain bacteria-like vesicles" is the one that does not support the endosymbiotic theory as both these organelles have their own unique structures and compartments, such as thylakoids in chloroplasts and cristae in mitochondria, which are involved in their respective functions.

Therefore, option a is the correct option.

The question should be:

Which of the following DOES NOT support the endosymbiotic theory?

a. Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain bacteria-like vesicles.

b. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both double-membrane bound.

c. Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own DNA.

d. Chloroplasts and mitochondria reproduce via binary fission.

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Answer:

The organism most reliant on other organisms for reproduction is a parasite. Parasites rely on other organisms, such as their host, for reproduction as they lack the necessary reproductive organs. They must rely on the reproductive organs of their hosts in order to reproduce. Additionally, parasites may rely on natural processes such as environmental conditions in order to reproduce.

Answer:

sexual reproducers

Explanation:

season, and where other organisms are

Answer:

The atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere interact with the geosphere through weathering and erosion.

Explanation:

The hierarchical arregment of life under organisms are classified is the following:

Biosphere

Ecosystem

Community

Population

Organism

Organ systems

Organs

Tissues

Cells

Organelles

Molecules

Atoms

In an isolated oceanic island, a species of birds exists with the majority of gray plumage. A variety with white spots constitutes more than 100 of the population.

This characteristic is due to a recessive gene (s) to the entire gray color plumage (S). What is the frequency of the s gene?The frequency at which the gene s is found can be calculated as follows:Frequency of the gene s = square root of the proportion of the population that has the characteristic (white spots).Therefore, the frequency of the s gene would be:frequency of s = sqrt(0.04)frequency of s = 0.2Therefore, the correct option is b. 0.2.

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According to the principle of superposition, each layer of sedimentary rock in a series of unreformed rocks is older that the one it and younger than the layer below it.

Rocks are solids made up of mineral grains that fit together. Chemicals called minerals are found naturally in the crust of the Earth. A compound is anything created by a number of elements that are chemically linked together in a certain atom-to-element ratio.

A solid combination of crystals from one or more metals, or from organic material, is called rock. As according their formation, composition, and texture, rocks are categorized.

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DNA copying is otherwise known as DNA replication which is the process of producing 2 identical copies of DNA from one original DNA molecule during cell division. DNA copying is important because it generates variation during sexual reproduction which leads to evolution. Also, DNA copying helps in transfer of information or characters from the parents to the offsprings.

Mendel studied traits with only one mode of inheritance in pea plants. The inheritance of the traits he studied all followed the relatively simple pattern of dominant and recessive alleles for a single characteristic. There are several important modes of inheritance, discovered after Mendel’s work, that do not follow the dominant and recessive, single-gene model.

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The two body systems that are involved in the body's response to stress are: nervous system (coordinates the signal that trigger responses and movements) endocrine system (stimulates the hormones to be released into the body).

The glands and organs that produce hormones and release them into the bloodstream so they can reach all of the body's tissues and organs. Growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction are just a few of the vital processes in the body that are regulated by the hormones the endocrine system secretes.

The body's well-organized network of nerve tissue. The peripheral nervous system, which connects the spinal cord to the rest of the body, the central nervous system, and additional nerve tissue are all included in it. The brain, spinal cord, and a sophisticated nerve network are all parts of the nervous system. The brain and the body are communicated with via this system. All bodily functions are managed by the brain. From the brain, the spinal cord descends through the back.

Thus from above conclusion we can say that the two body systems that are involved in the body's response to stress are: nervous system (coordinates the signal that trigger responses and movements) endocrine system (stimulates the hormones to be released into the body).

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Explanation:

Enzymes are part of the " chemical digestion process". Their function is to 'breakdown macromolecules '. Amylase is a 'digestive enzyme secreted' in the "mouth and the pancreas" and is responsible for " breaking down of starch ".

Answer:Amylase is important for digesting carbohydrates. It breaks down starches into sugars. Amylase is secreted by both the salivary glands and the pancreas. The measurement of amylase levels in the blood is sometimes used as an aid in diagnosing various pancreas or other digestive tract diseases.

Digestive Enzymes: Types and Function - Verywell Health

Answer:

Burning fossil fuels, cutting down forests and farming livestock are the main factors of global warming

Explanation:

for further explanation

2011-2020 was the warmest decade recorded, with global average temperature reaching 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels in 2019. Human-induced global warming is presently increasing at a rate of 0.2°C per decade.

An increase of 2°C compared to the temperature in pre-industrial times is associated with serious negative impacts on to the natural environment and human health and wellbeing, including a much higher risk that dangerous and possibly catastrophic changes in the global environment will occur.

For this reason, the international community has recognised the need to keep warming well below 2°C and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.

Greenhouse gases

causes_greenhouse_gases

The main driver of climate change is the greenhouse effect. Some gases in the Earth's atmosphere act a bit like the glass in a greenhouse, trapping the sun's heat and stopping it from leaking back into space and causing global warming.

Many of these greenhouse gases occur naturally, but human activities are increasing the concentrations of some of them in the atmosphere, in particular:

carbon dioxide (CO2)

methane

nitrous oxide

fluorinated gases

CO2 produced by human activities is the largest contributor to global warming. By 2020, its concentration in the atmosphere had risen to 48% above its pre-industrial level (before 1750).

Other greenhouse gases are emitted by human activities in smaller quantities. Methane is a more powerful greenhouse gas than CO2, but has a shorter atmospheric lifetime. Nitrous oxide, like CO2, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere over decades to centuries. Non-greenhouse gas pollutants, including aerosols like soot, have different warming and cooling effects and are also associated with other issues such as poor air quality.

Natural causes, such as changes in solar radiation or volcanic activity are estimated to have contributed less than plus or minus 0.1°C to total warming between 1890 and 2010.

Answer:

Hadean, archean, proterozoic

Answer:

Yes.

Explanation:

Yes, Schwann and Schleiden are responsible for the cell theory, both the scientists presented the cell theory in 1839. I agree with the argument of my classmate because the person who first presented cell theory was both Schwann and Schleiden. Schwann works on plant cell whereas Schleiden works on animal cell and formulate cell theory. So my classmate's argument is right about cell theory.

Schwan and Schleiden proposed the first cell theory, suggesting spontaneous generation. Virchow changed it proposing cell division. After many years and the contribution of many researchers, the modern cell theory emerged.

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Schwann studied animal tissues. Through careful observation, he concluded that all animal tissues were made of cells.

Simultaneously, Schleiden arrives at the same conclusion when studying vegetable tissues.

Around 1830, they met and together proposed the first cell theory. The theory stated that:

1. Every living being is made of cells.

2. Cell is the basic unit of life.

3. Cells are originated from spontaneous generation.

Virchow, who studied human tissues, sow the cell in its dividing process.

He proposed that cells were not originated from spontaneous generation, as Schwann and Schleiden had stated.

Instead, he said that cells were the product of other pre-existing cells and were originated by cellular division.

Virchow rejected the third state of Schwann and Schleiden’s ideas.

According to these sequence of events, the original cell theory changed to

1. Every living being is made of cells.

2. Cell is the basic unit of life.

3. Cells are originated by cellular division.

After many years of continuous studies about cells and their functions, the modern cell theory emerged.

In general terms, the modern theory can be resumed as,

1. Every living being -unicellular or multicellular- is made of cells, which are the most basic units of life.

2. Cell control the vital functions of organisms.

3. Cells proceed from preexistant prokaryotic cells, and are originated by cellular division.

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The frog species or a comparison to its body size, it is difficult to determine whether the frog's limb bones are relatively long, short, or intermediate.

Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of the frog's limb bones would require specific knowledge of the species in question and a comparison to its body size and locomotor behavior.

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The degree in which a star appears to move in one hour is 15° and is denoted as option C.

This is referred to as the circular movement of an object around a central axis such as that of the earth which rotates on its axis once a day.

Since the earth rotation takes about  23 hours and 56 minutes and is at an angle of  361° then we can calculate the per hour by the following below:

Since 24 hours = 1 day

Then 361°/24 = 15° then the number of degrees will a star have appeared to move in one hour.

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