Calculate the molality of each of the following solutions:
(a) 14.3 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 685 g of water,
(b) 7.15 moles of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) in 3505 g of water.

An exothermic reaction releases 325 kJ. 1359.8 kJ energy is this in calories.

An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases heat energy into the surroundings. During an exothermic reaction, the products of the reaction have less potential energy than the reactants, and the excess energy is released in the form of heat.

One calorie is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

One joule is defined as the amount of energy required to apply a force of one newton over a distance of one meter.

1 cal = 4.184 J

1 cal = 0.004184 kJ

325000 cal = x kJ

0.004184/ 1 = x / 325000

x = 1359.8 kJ

Thus, 1359.8 kJ energy is this in calories.

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Answer:

2024.70 J

Explanation:

The heat capacity of the coffee cup calorimeter can be calculated using the following formula:

q_calorimeter = q_water + q_water_final

where q_calorimeter is the heat absorbed by the coffee cup calorimeter, q_water is the heat lost by the warm water, and q_water_final is the heat gained by the cold water.

First, calculate q_water:

q_water = m_water * c_water * ΔT

where m_water = 25.0 g is the mass of the warm water, c_water = 4.184 J/g°C is the specific heat of water, and ΔT = (40.0°C - 29.5°C) = 10.5°C is the change in temperature.

q_water = 25.0 g * 4.184 J/g°C * 10.5°C = 1057.35 J

Next, calculate q_water_final:

q_water_final = m_water * c_water * ΔT

where m_water = 25.0 g is the mass of the cold water, c_water = 4.184 J/g°C is the specific heat of water, and ΔT = (29.5°C - 20.0°C) = 9.5°C is the change in temperature.

q_water_final = 25.0 g * 4.184 J/g°C * 9.5°C = 967.35 J

Finally, calculate the heat capacity of the coffee cup calorimeter:

q_calorimeter = q_water + q_water_final = 1057.35 J + 967.35 J = 2024.70 J

So the heat capacity of the coffee cup calorimeter is 2024.70 J.

A 25.0 g sample of warm water at 40.0⁰C was added to a 25.0 g sample of water in a Styrofoam coffee cup calorimeter initially at 20.0⁰C. 2024.70 J is the heat capacity of the coffee cup calorimeter.

A physical feature of matter known as heat capacity and thermal capacity is the quantity of heat that must be applied to an object in order to cause a unit change in temperature. Heat capacity is measured in joules per kelvin (J/K), the SI unit. A broad property is heat capacity.

The particular heat capacity, which can be calculated by dividing an object's heat capacity by its mass, is the comparable intense attribute. The molar heat capacity is obtained through dividing the specific heat even by molecular weight of the substance. The heat capacity per volume is gauged by the volumetric heat capacity. The term "thermal mass" is frequently used in civil engineering and architecture to describe a building's ability to hold heat.

q calorimeter = q water + q water final

q water = m ×c water ×ΔT

q water = 25.0 g×4.184 J/g°C ×10.5°C

              = 1057.35 J

q water final = m×c of water × ΔT

q water final = 25.0 g×4.184 J/g°C ×9.5°C

                   = 967.35 J

q calorimeter = q water + q water final

                      = 1057.35 J + 967.35 J

                      = 2024.70 J

Therefore,  2024.70 J is the heat capacity of the coffee cup calorimeter.

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Answer:

0.620M

Explanation:

molarity= moles of solute/volume of solution

molar mass of mgs= 24.3+32= 56.3

moles= 33.9/56.3=0.601

molarity= 0.601/0.969=0.602M

Answer:

ΔT = 66.06°C

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of iron = 750 g

Heat absorbed = 22000 j

Change in temperature = ?

Solution:

Specific heat capacity:

It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by one degree.

specific heat capacity of iron is 0.444 J/g.°C

Formula:

Q = m.c. ΔT

Q = amount of heat absorbed or released

m = mass of given substance

c = specific heat capacity of substance

ΔT = change in temperature

By putting values,

22000 j = 750 g × 0.444 J/g.°C × ΔT

22000 j = 333 J/°C × ΔT

ΔT = 22000 j  /333 J/°C

ΔT = 66.06°C

A pH of 4 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 5.

Yes, pH can have decimal values. In fact, pH values can range from 0 to 14 and can have any value between them including decimals. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, and it is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution.A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral, which means that it has an equal concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). An acidic solution has a pH below 7 and a high concentration of H+ ions. On the other hand, an alkaline solution has a pH above 7 and a low concentration of H+ ions.A pH that is less than 7.0 indicates acidity. pH less than 7.0 is acidic while pH greater than 7.0 is alkaline. Each number on the pH scale represents a ten-fold change in the acidity/alkalinity of the solution. For example, a pH of 5 is 10 times more acidic than a pH of 6, and 100 times more acidic than a pH of 7.A pH of 0 indicates a very strong acidic solution while a pH of 14 indicates a very strong alkaline solution. It's worth noting that pH is a logarithmic scale, meaning that a change of one pH unit corresponds to a ten-fold change in hydrogen ion concentration.

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Answer:

D. they exchanged electrons

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Total number of moles of gases in the mixture; 0.70 + 0.25 + 0.05 = 1 mole

Partial pressure= mole fraction of gas × total pressure

Mole fraction of hydrogen = 0.7/1 × 2.6 = 1.82 atm

Mole fraction of CO2 = 0.25/1 × 2.6 = 0.65 atm

Mole fraction of CO= 0.05/1 × 2.6 = 0.13 atm

Answer:

cacfat lebron

Explanation:

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The capacity of a phosphorus atom to create double bonds with other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur is further hampered by its size.

Four phosphorus atoms are joined by covalent bonds to form a closed ring structure in white phosphorus molecules. This shape results in a low bond angle, which causes strain inside the molecule and accounts for its extraordinarily reactive properties.

The periodic table's group V elements include nitrogen and phosphorus. Due to their comparable outermost shell electrons, they have several shared characteristics, particularly when forming compounds. Both feature an electron configuration with a ns2 np3 valence shell. Our bodies contain the fourth greatest amount of nitrogen.

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Answer:

Br-CH2-CH(CH3)2-C(Cl)H-CH(CH3)2-CHO

Explanation:

The molecule has a total of 14 carbon atoms, 13 hydrogen atoms, and 1 bromine atom. The carbon atoms are arranged in a chain with a methyl group attached to the second carbon atom, a chlorine atom attached to the third carbon atom, and two methyl groups attached to the fourth carbon atom. The fifth carbon atom has a carbonyl group attached to it.

The molecule is an aldehyde, which means that it has a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the chain. The carbonyl group is polar, and the oxygen atom has a partial negative charge. The hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge. This polarity makes the aldehyde group susceptible to nucleophilic attack.

The bromine and chlorine atoms are both electrophilic, which means that they have a partial positive charge. This makes them susceptible to nucleophilic attack.

The methyl groups are non-polar and do not have any significant reactivity.

The molecule is a chiral molecule, which means that it has a mirror image that is not superimposable on itself. This is because the carbon atom with the carbonyl group is attached to four different groups.

The molecule is a liquid at room temperature and has a strong odor. It is used in a variety of products, including perfumes, flavorings, and plastics.

Answer:

3.84 J/g°C

Explanation:

Using the formula as follows:

Q = m × c × ∆T

Where;

Q = amount of heat (J)

m = mass of substance

c = specific heat of copper

∆T = change in temperature (°C).

Based on the provided information;

Q = 43783J

m = 24g

∆T = 500°C - 25°C = 475°C

c = ?

Using Q = m × c × ∆T

43783 = 24 × c × 475

43783 = 11400c

c = 43783 ÷ 11400

c = 3.84 J/g°C

Answer:

We can use the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, to solve for the density at STP (standard temperature and pressure). At STP, the temperature is 273.15 K and the pressure is 1 atm. We know the molar mass of NO2 is 46.01 g/mol. We also know that 1 mole of any gas at STP occupies a volume of 22.4 L.

First, we can calculate the number of moles of NO2 at STP:

n = PV/RT = (1 atm)(22.4 L)/(0.08206 L·atm/mol·K)(273.15 K) = 1.00 mol

Next, we can calculate the mass of 1 mole of NO2:

46.01 g/mol

Finally, we can calculate the density of NO2 at STP:

density = mass/volume = (46.01 g/mol)/(22.4 L) = 2.054 g/L

Therefore, the density at STP of NO2 gas (molar mass = 46.01 g/mol) in grams per liter is 2.054 g/L.

Explanation:

The reduction half equation of the galvanic cell is is;  3Cu2+(aq)  + 3e ------> 3Cu(s).

A galvanic cell is a cell that produces chemical energy by a spontaneous chemical reaction. The equation of the reaction is; 2Cr(s) + 3Cu2+(aq) → 2Cr3+ (aq) + 3Cu(s). We can see that chromium was oxidized and copper was reduced.

Since reduction occurs at the cathode, it follows that the reduction half equation is;  3Cu2+(aq)  + 3e ------> 3Cu(s).

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Prior to writing the chemical formula of magnesium chloride, a question which any student will need to ask is: A.  What are the oxidation numbers of each atom?

A chemical formula can be defined as a scientific notation that is used to show (represent) the type and total number of atoms that constitute a particular chemical molecule or compound, by using the oxidation number, chemical symbols and subscripts.

Hence, a student would need to know the oxidation numbers of each atom when magnesium chloride is formed after a chemical reaction.

In Chemistry, an oxidation number represents the number of electrons gained or lost by an atom of a chemical element during a chemical reaction.

In conclusion, when magnesium chloride is formed, a question which the student will need to ask prior to writing the chemical formula is "what are the oxidation numbers of each atom?"

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The Newton's first (1st) Law of Motion is called the Law of Inertia.

Newton's first law of motion states that an object at rest or uniform motion in a straight line will continue in that path unless it is acted upon by an external force.

This law (Newton's first law of motion) is called the law of inertia because it depends on mass of the object.

Inertia is the measure of reluctance of an object to move or resist motion when a force is applied to it.

The more massive an object is, the more inertia it will possess because it will exert a greater resistive force to prevent motion.

Basically, the Newton's first law of motion is all about the difficulty to stop an object in motion or get an object at rest to start moving on its own. The resistive force of the object to prevent motion can be overcame when an external force is applied to the object.

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80 g of 15% solution and 120 g of 20% solution are needed to prepare 200 g of 17% solution.

What is Mass Percentage?

Mass percentage is the percentage of the mass of the solute in a solution to the total mass of the solution. It is calculated by dividing the mass of the solute by the total mass of the solution and multiplying by 100%. The mass percentage is often used in chemistry to express the concentration of a solution.

Let x be the mass of the 15% solution needed and y be the mass of the 20% solution needed to prepare 200 g of 17% solution. Then we have the system of equations:

x + y = 200 (total mass of the solution)

0.15x + 0.20y = 0.17(200) (total amount of solute in the solution)

Solving for x and y, we get:

x = 80 g of 15% solution

y = 120 g of 20% solution

Therefore, 80 g of 15% solution and 120 g of 20% solution are needed to prepare 200 g of 17% solution.

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Answer:

1.an alloy is a mixture of chemical elements of which at least one is metal

The volume (in mL) of the gas when the barometer reads 740 mmHg is 243.24 mL

The following data were obtained from the question given above:

The new volume of the gas can be obtained by using the Boyle's law equation as shown below:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

720 × 250 = 740 × V₂

180000 = 740 × V₂

Divide both sides by 740

V₂ = 180000 / 740

V₂ = 243.24 mL

Thus, we can conclude from the above calculation that the volume is 243.24 mL

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Answer:

the theory of evolution states that all living things which exist today, and many more that are now extinct, evolved from simple life forms which first developed 3 billion years ago.

Explanation:

Answer

The sodium acetate solution will be more basic because it is a salt formed from a weak acid and a strong base. Salt derived from a strong base and weak acid is usually basic.

However, acetic acid is a weak organic acid that dissociates partially in water and releases part of its hydrogen ions concentration.

(A)The spark provides the activation energy required to get the reaction started.The statement that provides the best explanation for why a spark must be introduced in order to trigger the combustion of methane is (A)

Activation energy (Ea) is the energy required to overcome the energy barrier that separates the reactants from the transition state leading to the products. Some chemical reactions require a certain amount of energy to get started, called activation energy. In order to initiate the reaction, a spark is needed to supply the activation energy needed to overcome the energy barrier that separates the reactants from the transition state leading to the products. The heat from the spark increases or decreases the activation energy for the reaction. The heat from the spark does not catalyze the reaction. It is the spark which provides the activation energy, not the heat. In summary, the combustion of methane is thermodynamically favored process, but it needs a spark to provide the activation energy required to get the reaction started. This is why a spark must be introduced in order to trigger the combustion of methane.

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The ΔG for the reaction at 298 K and the given partial pressures is -55.53 kJ/mol.

What is ΔG ?

The Gibbs free energy change for a reaction under non-standard conditions can be calculated using the following equation:

ΔG = ΔG° + RTln(Q)

where ΔG is the Gibbs free energy change, ΔG° is the standard Gibbs free energy change, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K)), T is the temperature in kelvin, and Q is the reaction quotient.

The reaction quotient, Q, can be calculated using the partial pressures of the gases involved in the reaction:

Q = (P(NH3))² / (P(N2) x P(H2)³)

Plugging in the given values, we get:

Q = (0.75 atm)² / (0.35 atm x 0.30 atm³) = 0.2667

Now we can calculate the ΔG for the reaction:

ΔG = ΔG° + RTln(Q)

ΔG = (-32.8 kJ/mol) + (8.314 J/(mol·K) x 298 K x ln(0.2667))

ΔG = -32.8 kJ/mol + (-22.73 kJ/mol)

ΔG = -55.53 kJ/mol

Therefore, the ΔG for the reaction at 298 K and the given partial pressures is -55.53 kJ/mol.

What is reaction quotient?

Reaction quotient, commonly denoted as Q, is a measure of the relative concentrations of reactants and products in a chemical reaction at a particular moment in time. It is calculated by dividing the concentration of the products raised to their stoichiometric coefficients by the concentration of the reactants raised to their stoichiometric coefficients.

The equation for the reaction quotient Q is similar to the equilibrium constant Kc, but with the concentrations of the reactants and products at any time during the reaction, rather than at equilibrium. When the reaction is at equilibrium, the reaction quotient is equal to the equilibrium constant.

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Answer: B. It exposes more of the solute to the water molecules.

Explanation:

Rate of a reaction is dependent on following factors:

a) adding a catalyst: Adding a catalyst increases the rate of reaction

b) reducing the surface area: The rate of the reaction will decrease by reducing the surface area

c) raising the temperature: Increasing the temperature increases the rate of the reaction.

d) increasing the amount of reactants : Increasing the amount of reactants increases the rate of reaction.

If the reactants are present in smaller size, more reactants can react as decreasing the size increases the surface area of the reactants which will enhance the contact of molecules. Hence, more products will form leading to increased rate of reaction.

Thus reducing solute particle size increase the speed at which the solute dissolves in water by exposing more of the solute to the water molecules.

Answer:

B. It exposes more of the solute to the water molecules.

Answer:

the amount of atoms and particle I think is in here is 17 that oxygen and water can hold with the amount of barium hydrogen.

Answer:

definition 1. goes with B. meteoroid

definition 2. goes with C. meteor

definition 3. goes with A. meteorite

Answer: meteoroid - a small piece of rock in space, meteor - a rock that burns up in Earths atmosphere, meteorite - The remains of a rock from space that strike Earth's surface.

Explanation:

Answer:

When the molten outer core cools and becomes solid, a very long time in the future, the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere will disappear.

Matter are anything that is made up of atoms. The quantity of matter can be observed only on the basis of mass and volume calculation. Therefore, the magnetic field will vanish a very lot longer after the liquid outer core solidifies and cools.

Matter is a substance that has some mass and can occupy some volume. The matter is mainly used in science. Matter can be solid, liquid or gas.

Matter is anything that is made up of atoms. Anything around us that can be physically seen and touched are matter. Ice, water and water vapors are example of matter.

So as we saw that matter has some mass so mass can be measured in gram only. Mass can also be represented as number of molecules. We also saw that matter occupy some volume and that volume is measured only in liter. The magnetic field or atmosphere will vanish a very lot longer after the liquid outer core solidifies and cools.

Therefore, the magnetic field or atmosphere will vanish a very lot longer after the liquid outer core solidifies and cools.

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1. The temperature rose faster in the covered box.

2. The temperature rose higher in the covered box.

3. The temperature in both boxes decreased after removing them from the sunlight.

4. This experiment demonstrates how a greenhouse traps heat inside, causing the temperature to rise.

5. The bottom of the box represents the Earth's surface, the air in the box represents the Earth's atmosphere, and the plastic wrap represents the greenhouse gases that trap heat.

6. You can compare your results with another student to see if your findings are similar or different.

7. From this investigation, you can learn about how greenhouse gases trap heat and cause the Earth's temperature to rise.

What is  greenhouse ?

A greenhouse is a structure designed to control the environment for growing plants. It is typically made of glass or other transparent material, and traps heat from the sun, creating a warm and humid environment inside. This helps to extend the growing season and protect plants from extreme weather conditions.

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Answer: 157.3 g CO

Explanation:

Fe2O3  + 3CO —> 3CO2 + 2Fe [1 mol + 3 mol —> 3 mol + 2 mol]

3 mol CO —> 2 mol Fe

3*28g —> 2*56g

amt CO 3*28*209.7/(2*56) = 157.3g

The VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory describes the arrangement of electron pairs around a central atom in a molecule, and the VSEPR number represents the total number of electron pairs around the central atom, including both bonding pairs and lone pairs.The VSEPR number can be determined from the Lewis structure of the molecule, which shows the arrangement of atoms and lone pairs around the central atom. The first two digits of the VSEPR number correspond to the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs, respectively, around the central atom.To determine the third digit of the VSEPR number, you need to consider the shape of the molecule. The shape is determined by the repulsion between electron pairs, which is strongest between lone pairs and decreases in the order lone pair-lone pair > lone pair-bonding pair > bonding pair-bonding pair.The third digit of the VSEPR number indicates the shape of the molecule according to the following scheme:1: linear shape2: trigonal planar shape3: tetrahedral shape4: trigonal bipyramidal shape5: octahedral shapeThus, to determine the third digit of the VSEPR number, you need to determine the shape of the molecule based on the number of electron pairs and their relative positions. This can be done by applying the VSEPR theory and considering the repulsion between electron pairs. Alternatively, you can consult a table or chart that lists the shapes associated with different VSEPR numbers.