"The expected pH of a 50 mL solution of 0.150 M acetic acid that has been titrated with 20 mL of 0.2 M NaOH in region II of the titration is 4.77.
To calculate the expected pH of the solution at any point in region II of the titration, we need to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pH = pKa + log([A^-]/[HA])
where pKa is the dissociation constant of acetic acid (1.8 × 10^-5), [A^-] is the concentration of the acetate ion, and [HA] is the concentration of undissociated acetic acid.
At the start of the titration, before any NaOH has been added, the concentration of acetic acid is 0.150 M, and the concentration of acetate ion is zero. Therefore, the pH can be calculated as follows:
pH = pKa + log([A^-]/[HA])
pH = -log(1.8 × 10^-5) + log(0/0.150)
pH = 4.74
This is the initial pH of the solution, before any NaOH has been added.
As NaOH is added, it reacts with acetic acid according to the following equation:
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O
The moles of NaOH added can be calculated as follows:
moles of NaOH = concentration of NaOH × volume of NaOH added
Let's assume that we have added 20 mL of 0.2 M NaOH to the solution. Then, the moles of NaOH added would be:
moles of NaOH = 0.2 × 0.020
moles of NaOH = 0.004
The moles of acetic acid remaining can be calculated as follows:
moles of acetic acid = initial moles of acetic acid - moles of NaOH added
moles of acetic acid = 0.150 × 0.050 - 0.004
moles of acetic acid = 0.0035
The moles of acetate ion formed can be calculated from the stoichiometry of the reaction:
moles of acetate ion = moles of NaOH added
moles of acetate ion = 0.004
The concentration of acetate ion can be calculated as follows:
[acetate ion] = moles of acetate ion / volume of solution
[acetate ion] = 0.004 / 0.050
[acetate ion] = 0.080 M
The concentration of undissociated acetic acid can be calculated as follows:
[acetic acid] = moles of acetic acid / volume of solution
[acetic acid] = 0.0075 / 0.050
[acetic acid] = 0.150 M
Now we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate the pH of the solution:
pH = pKa + log([A^-]/[HA])
pH = -log(1.8 × 10^-5) + log(0.080/0.150)
pH = 4.77
Therefore, the expected pH of a 50 mL solution of 0.150 M acetic acid that has been titrated with 20 mL of 0.2 M NaOH in region II of the titration is 4.77.
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A solution of KOH is prepared with a [OH-] concentration of 3.3 × 10-2 M. Calculate [H+], pH, and identify whether the solution is acidic, basic, or neutral.
Answer:
[H⁺] = 3.03x10⁻¹³ MpH = 12.52The solution is basicExplanation:
We can first calculate [H⁺] by using the formula:
[H⁺] * [OH⁻] = 1x10⁻¹⁴[H⁺] * 3.3x10⁻² = 1x10⁻¹⁴[H⁺] = 3.03x10⁻¹³ MNow we proceed to calculate pH:
pH = -log [H⁺]pH = -log (3.03x10⁻¹³)pH = 12.52As the pH is higher than 7, the solution is basic.
6 Which element requires the least amount of
energy to remove the most loosely held electron
from a gaseous atom in the ground state?
(1) Na
(3) P
(2) Ar
(4) Ci
Answer: 1) Na because it requires least amount of energy.
Na requires the least amount of energy to remove the most loosely held electron.
Why does Na have the least ionization enthalpy among the given elements?Electronic configuration of the elements:Na - [Ne] 3s¹
P - [Ne] 3s² 3p³
Ar - [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶
Cl - [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵
As it can be seen, Na after losing one electron from its outermost subshell attains a stable noble gas configuration. So, it will require a very less amount of energy i.e., ionization enthalpy, to remove that electron.P, which already has a half-filled subshell, will not readily lose the electrons and hence requires more amount of energy.Ar has the noble gas configuration i.e., all its subshells are fully filled. A very large amount of energy will be required to remove its electron.Learn more about ionization energy here:
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Determine the grams of sodium chloride produced when 10.0 g of sodium react with 10 g of chlorine gas according to the equation
2na + cl2 = 2nacl
When 10.0 g of sodium react with 10 g of chlorine gas according to the equation, the mass of sodium chloride produced is 25.4 g.
Mass of sodium chloride producedThe mass of sodium chloride produced in the given reaction is calculated as follows;
2Na + Cl2 = 2Nacl
In the reaction above;
2(23 gram of sodium) -------------------- 2(58.44 g of sodium chloride)
10 g of sodium -------------------------- ? mass of sodium chloride
46 g of Na ----------------------------116.88 g of NaCl
10 g of Na ---------------------------- ? NaCl
= (10 x 116.88)/46
= 25.4 g
Thus, when 10.0 g of sodium react with 10 g of chlorine gas according to the equation, the mass of sodium chloride produced is 25.4 g.
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How many molecules are there in 4.00 moles of glucose, C6H1206?
Molecules in 4 moles of glucose are 24.088x10²³.
We need to find the number of molecules by applying the concept of moles
number of moles(n)= Number of Molecules(N)/Avogadro's Number(Nₐ)
n=N/Nₐ
4=N/6.022x10²³
N=24.088x10²³
Therefore, the number of molecules in 4 moles of Glucose is 24.088x10²³.
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Taking two positively charged objects and holding them close to one another creates a system with electric potential energy
One way to lower the electric potential energy in a system like this would be to
A increase the distance between the two charges.
B decrease the distance between the two charges.
C decrease the mass of one of the objects
D increase the mass of one of the objects
¿QUE DATO DE LA CONFIGURACIÓN ELECTRÓNICA TE PERMITE UBICAR LOS ELEMENTOS QUÍMICOS EN LA TABLA PERIÓDICA?
The question is: WHAT DATA OF THE ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION ALLOWS YOU TO LOCATE THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE?
Explanation:
Elements which have same number of valence electrons tend to show similar chemical properties due to which they are placed in the same group.
Hence, electronic configuration of an element tells us the number of valence electrons present in an element. As a result, it becomes easy to locate the element in its respective group.
32 g sample of gas occupies 22.4 L at STP. What is the identity of the gas ? A. N2 B.H2 C.O2 D.CO2 I
The identity of the gas is C. O2 (oxygen). At standard temperature and pressure(STP), which is defined as 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 Kelvin) and 1 atmosphere (101.325 kilopascals), the volume occupied by one mole of any gas is 22.4 liters.
In this case, we have a 32 gram sample of gas that occupies 22.4 liters at STP. To determine the identity of the gas, we need to calculate the number of moles present in the sample.
To do this, we use the ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
Since we know the volume (22.4 L) and STP conditions, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the number of moles: n = PV/RT. Plugging in the values for P, V, R, and T, we get: n = (1 atm)(22.4 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K))(273.15 K).
Evaluating this expression gives us approximately 1 mole. Therefore, the 32 gram sample of gas is equivalent to 1 mole. The molar mass of oxygen (O2) is approximately 32 grams/mol, which matches the given mass. Hence, the identity of the gas is O2 (oxygen).
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in the preparation of methyl benzoate what is the purpose of (a) washing the organic layer with sodium bicarbonate solution? (b) washing the organic layer with sodium chloride solution? (c) treating the organic layer with anhydrous sodium sulfate?
(a) Washing the organic layer with sodium bicarbonate solution helps to remove any remaining acid from the reaction.
(b) Washing the organic layer with sodium chloride solution is done to remove any remaining water from the organic layer.
(c) Treating the organic layer with anhydrous sodium sulfate is done to remove any remaining traces of water that may still be present in the organic layer.
In the preparation of methyl benzoate, washing the organic layer with sodium bicarbonate solution, washing the organic layer with sodium chloride solution, and treating the organic layer with anhydrous sodium sulfate all serve different purposes.
(a) Washing the organic layer with sodium bicarbonate solution helps to remove any remaining acid from the reaction. This is important because the acid can react with the product and cause unwanted side reactions. Sodium bicarbonate is a weak base that reacts with the acid to form carbon dioxide and water, which can be easily removed.
(b) Sodium chloride is a highly soluble salt, and it can help to absorb any water that may still be present in the organic layer. This is important because water can react with the product and cause unwanted side reactions.
(c) Anhydrous sodium sulfate is a highly effective drying agent that can absorb any remaining water in the organic layer. This is important because any remaining water can react with the product and cause unwanted side reactions.
Overall, the purpose of washing the organic layer with sodium bicarbonate solution, washing the organic layer with sodium chloride solution, and treating the organic layer with anhydrous sodium sulfate is to ensure that the product is free from any unwanted side reactions that may occur due to the presence of acid or water. By removing these impurities, the product can be obtained in a purer form, which is important for many chemical applications.
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7.8 L =mLDimensional AnalysisRatio:ProportionFormula MethodmLХLx mL=IImL11
answer and explanation
1 L = 1000 mL
and so to determine 7.8L we can o the calculation as follows
x mL = 1000 mL/ 1 L x 7.8 L/1 = 7800 mL/1 = 7800 mL
Calculate the concentration of the silver ion in a solution that initially is 0.010 M with respect to Ag(NH3)2+. Give the answer in 2 sig figs. The concentration of the free Ag+ ions will be Х 5.1 X10 -4
In this case, the concentration of the silver ion in the solution is 0.0095 M, rounded to 2 significant figures.
How to calculate the concentration of the silver ionTo calculate the concentration of the silver ion in a solution that initially is 0.010 M with respect to Ag(NH₃)₂+, we can use the following equation:
Ag(NH₃)₂+ ⇌ Ag+ + 2NH₃
We know that the concentration of the free Ag+ ions will be 5.1 x 10⁻⁴ M.
This means that the concentration of Ag(NH₃)₂+ ions will be the initial concentration minus the concentration of free Ag+ ions:
[Ag(NH₃)₂+] = 0.010 M - (5.1 x 10⁻⁴M) = 0.0095 M
Therefore, the concentration of the silver ion in the solution is 0.0095 M, rounded to 2 significant figures.
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Mushrooms are ___________ that use spores for ______________?
Which of the following is not a function of the cell?
Sleeping
Protection
All of the above
Reproduction
Fill in the blank for the sentences below. (1 pt each)
11. Ionic bonds are between
and lost. Covalent bonds are between
electrons are
and
and
In these compounds, electrons are gained
In these compounds
Ionic and Covalent Bonds.
Ionic bonds are between metals and non-metals, where electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal.
Covalent bonds are between non-metals, where electrons are shared between atoms and are not lost or gained.
In Anions, electrons are gained
What are anions?Anions are negatively charged ions. They gain electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
b) Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. They are responsible for chemical reactions and the formation of chemical bonds between atoms.
The most common examples of anions are halide ions such as chloride (Cl-), bromide (Br-), and iodide (I-), which are formed by the addition of an extra electron to the outermost shell of a halogen atom.
Other examples of anions include hydroxide (OH-), sulfate (SO42-), and nitrate (NO3-), which are important in many chemical reactions and biological processes. Anions are usually attracted to positively charged ions or molecules, called cations, to form ionic compounds.
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Water boils at 90∘Cwhen the pressure exerted on the liquid equals (1) 65 kPa (2) 90 kPa (3) 101.3 kPa (4) 120 kPa
The boiling point of water is dependent on the pressure exerted on the liquid. In this case, water boils at 90°C when the pressure exerted on the liquid equals 101.3 kPa, which is equivalent to atmospheric pressure. At different pressures, the boiling point of water will vary.
The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the external pressure exerted on the liquid. When the external pressure is equal to the vapor pressure, the liquid starts to vaporize and boil.
In the given options, the pressure values are provided, and we need to determine which pressure corresponds to the boiling point of water at 90°C.
At standard atmospheric conditions, the pressure is approximately 101.3 kPa, which is equivalent to 1 atmosphere (atm) or 760 mmHg. This is also known as the normal boiling point of water, where water boils at 100°C.
Based on this information, we can conclude that option (3) 101.3 kPa is the correct choice. At this pressure, water boils at 90°C.
Therefore, the boiling point of water is affected by the pressure exerted on the liquid, and at 101.3 kPa, water boils at 90°C. At higher pressures, such as option (4) 120 kPa, water would boil at a higher temperature, and at lower pressures, such as options (1) 65 kPa or (2) 90 kPa, water would boil at a lower temperature.
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What does x mean- like person x person?
Answer:
× = and
Explanation:
person and person
What does ambitious mean?
Answer:
Determination to succeed.
Explanation:
> A Moving to another question will save this response. Question 1 What is the mass number of an atom of potassium that has 20 neutrons?
a. 35
b. 59
c. 39
d. 15
e. 19
The mass number of an atom of potassium that has 20 neutrons is option C. 39
Mass number-
Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the mass number. It is represented by the symbol A. In other words, mass number refers to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Atom-
Atoms are tiny particles that make up everything in the world. Everything in the world is made up of tiny particles known as atoms. An atom is the basic unit of matter. The term "atom" comes from the Greek word atomos, which means indivisible.
The basic building blocks of all matter are atoms, which are made up of three types of particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, thus the overall charge on the atom is zero. However, the mass number of the atom is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons.
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17. the binding of the amino acid in aminoacyl-trna is a (n) a. amide c. hemiacetal b. ester d. ether
The binding of the amino acid in aminoacyl-tRNA involves the formation of an ester bond. Option b
Aminoacyl-tRNA is a complex molecule that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. It consists of a tRNA molecule covalently linked to an amino acid. The amino acid is attached to the 3' end of the tRNA molecule through an ester bond.
An ester bond is formed between the carboxyl group (-COOH) of the amino acid and the hydroxyl group (-OH) of the ribose sugar at the 3' end of the tRNA molecule. This ester bond is also referred to as an ester linkage. The formation of the ester bond is catalyzed by the enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.
The ester bond in aminoacyl-tRNA is essential for protein synthesis. During translation, the aminoacyl-tRNA molecule carries the specific amino acid to the ribosome, where it is incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain. The ester bond is later hydrolyzed, releasing the amino acid for further use in protein synthesis.
In summary, the binding of the amino acid in aminoacyl-tRNA involves the formation of an ester bond between the carboxyl group of the amino acid and the hydroxyl group of the ribose sugar in the tRNA molecule.
Option b
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Which molecule has ionic bond?
Mg
C0
NaCl
N0
NaCl - Chlorine has an outer shell with 7 electrons it wants to gain from the Sodium to become stable, whereas the Sodium wants to lose an electron to become stable.
what is the oxidizing and reducing agent in 2fe 3v2o3 à fe2o3 +6vo
The element Fe is the reducing agent (since it is said to be oxidized to Fe₂O₃ ) while V₂O₃ is the oxidizing agent (since it is decreased )
What is the oxidizing agent?The atom oxidized is Fe, the atom reduced is V, the oxidizing agent is V₂O₃ and the reducing agent is Fe.
Iron (Fe) is being oxidized, meaning it is losing electrons and increasing in oxidation state. In this reaction, it goes from zero to +3 oxidation state. On the other hand, Vanadium (V) is being reduced, meaning it is gaining electrons and decreasing in oxidation state. In this reaction, it goes from +5 oxidation state to +2.
Therefore, V₂O₃ is the oxidizing agent, meaning it is the substance that is accepting electrons from the iron and increasing its oxidation state. Meanwhile, Fe is the reducing agent, meaning it is the substance that is donating electrons to the vanadium and decreasing its oxidation state.
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See correct question below
Identify the atom oxidized, the atom reduced, the oxidizing agent, and the reducing agent. 2Fe + 3V₂O₃ -------> Fe₂O₃ + 6VO
Please answer the following questions with the proper significant figures:
[You are welcome to use calculator. Just remember that calculator doesn't do sig fig for you]
a) (32.670+1.2204)-14.0 =
b) 12.080 x 4.050 x 0.231 =
c) (3.051 x 103) x (2.00 x 10-2) =
a)32.670 + 1.2240 = 33.8904
33.8904-14.0 = 19.8904
b)12.080 × 4.050 × 0.231
=54.36 × 0.231
=12.55716
c)(3.051 × 103) ×(2.00 × 10.2)=
314.253 × 20.4 = 6410.7612
Liquid to Gas =
Solid to Liquid =
The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called boiling (or vapourization) and the process of a solid becoming a liquid is called melting.
Vaporization is the process of converting a liquid into a gas. It is also called evaporation. Since we know that the particles of a gas are moving faster than those of a liquid, an input of energy must be required for a liquid to become a gas.
Melting is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. During melting, the energy goes exclusively to changing the phase of a substance; it does not go into changing the temperature of a substance. Hence melting is an isothermal process because a substance stays at the same temperature.
Example 1: Industrially, salt is recovered from seawater by the process of vaporization. Wet clothes are dried up due to the process of vaporization. The process is used in many industrial processes for separating the components of a mixture.
Example 2: Ice to water - Ice melts back into the water when it is left out at temperatures above the freezing point of 32 degrees. Rocks to lava - Rocks in volcanoes can be heated until they are molten lava. Metal to molten liquid - Metals such as steel and bronze can be molten down.
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describe the ring of fire
The Ring of Fire also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. The majority of Earth's volcanoes and earthquakes take place along the Ring of Fire.
Explanation:Volcanoes are associated with the belt throughout its length; for this reason, it is called the “Ring of Fire.” A series of deep ocean troughs frame the belt on the oceanic side, and continental landmasses lie behind. The Ring of Fire was formed as oceanic plates slid under continental plates. Volcanoes along the Ring of Fire are formed when one plate is shoved under another into the mantle – a solid body of rock between the Earth's crust and the molten iron core – through a process called subduction. The Ring of Fire is a string of volcanoes and sites of seismic activity, or earthquakes, around the edges of the Pacific Ocean. Roughly 90% of all earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire, and the ring is dotted with 75% of all active volcanoes on Earth.
metals are used to make cooking utensils . why ?
Arrange the following elements in order from lowest to highest first ionization energy : , Ar , Cs, Na *
Answer:
Lowest Cs, Na, highest is At
Explanation:
the third law of thermodynamics describes the entropy of a: select the correct answer below: solid liquid gas all of the above
The third law of thermodynamics describes the entropy of a: solid.
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a pure crystalline substance approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero (0 Kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius). This law implies that at absolute zero, a perfectly ordered and pure crystalline solid will have zero entropy.
The third law of thermodynamics is not specific to liquids or gases but applies to solids. In a solid, the molecules are highly ordered and have fixed positions in a regular lattice structure. As the temperature decreases towards absolute zero, the thermal motion of the molecules reduces, and the system becomes more ordered, resulting in a decrease in entropy.
In contrast, liquids and gases have higher entropy compared to solids at absolute zero because their molecules have more freedom of movement and are not as tightly arranged. Therefore, the third law of thermodynamics specifically addresses the entropy of solids and does not apply to liquids or gases.
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How much mass does 1 mol of O2 gas have?
Answer:
Mass = 32 grams
Explanation:
Given:
Mole = 1 mol
Molar Mass = 32 g
Required:
Mass in grams = ?
Solution:
Mass in grams = Moles × Molar mar
Mass = 1 × 32
Mass = 32 grams
]
Consider the following intermediate chemical equations.
C(s) +
CO(g) +
O₂(g) → CO(g)
How will oxygen appear in the final chemical equation?
O O2(g) as a product
O O2(g) as a reactant
OO(g) as a product
O 20(g) as a reactant
O₂(g) → CO₂(g)
In the above intermediate chemical equation, oxygen will appear as follows: O₂(g) as a reactant (option B).
What is a chemical equation?A chemical equation in chemistry is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction where reactants are represented on the left, and products on the right.
According to this question, an intermediate chemical equation is presented as follows:
CO(g) + O₂(g) → CO(g)C(s) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g)As observed in the above chemical equation, oxygen will react in its gaseous form i.e. as a reactant.
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Which for the following is derived unit?
So, unit of volume is a derived unit.
a solution of unknown ph was tested with two indicators. phenolphthalein turns colorless and phenol red turns red. which of these could be the ph of the solution?
Based on the information provided, we can infer that the solution is either acidic or neutral since phenolphthalein turns colorless in acidic solutions and phenol red turns red in neutral or slightly basic solutions.
Therefore, the pH of the solution could be between 7 (neutral) and 4.5 (the pH at which phenolphthalein turns colorless). Without further testing or information, it is impossible to determine the exact pH of the solution.
Phenolphthalein turns colorless in acidic solutions (pH < 8.2) and phenol red turns red in acidic solutions (pH < 6.8). Since both indicators show a color change consistent with an acidic solution, the pH of the unknown solution is likely below 6.8.
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A solution of unknown pH was tested with two indicators: phenolphthalein and phenol red.
Phenolphthalein turns colorless and phenol red turns red. To determine the possible pH of the solution, let's examine the color changes of these two indicators at different pH levels.
Phenolphthalein is colorless in acidic solutions (pH < 8.2) and turns pink in basic solutions (pH > 8.2). Since it is colorless in your solution, the pH must be less than 8.2.
Phenol red turns yellow in acidic solutions (pH < 6.8), red in neutral solutions (around pH 6.8 to 8.0), and orange or pink in basic solutions (pH > 8.0). Since it turns red in your solution, the pH must be between 6.8 and 8.0.
Considering both indicators' color changes, the possible pH of your solution could be between 6.8 and 8.0.
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