Calculate E0, E, and ΔG for the following cell reactions (a) Mg(s) + Sn2+(aq) ⇌ Mg2+(aq) + Sn(s) where [Mg2+] = 0. 055 M and [Sn2+] = 0. 055 M
Answers
The E° for cell reaction is - 2.37 V and 2.23 V and E for cell reaction = 2.22V and ΔG = - 428.39kJ/mol.
The formula for solving the equation for given cell is as follows :
E°cell , Ecell and Δ\(G_{rnx}\)
The standard cell potential is the potential of cell at standard condition of 1MConcentration and pressure 1 atm E°cell
calculation :
E°cell = E° cathode - E° anode it is calculated using the Nernst equation which is discussed below :
Ecell = E°cell -- \(\frac{RT}{nF}\) 1n K = E°cell -- \(\frac{0.0591}{n}\)log \(\frac{Products}{Reactants}\)
Here, F is the Faraday's constant, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, and n is the number of transferred electrons. K is the equilibrium constant.
The Gibbs free energy is the greatest work that is finished by a framework . The standard cell potential is without like energy by the recipe as follows;and F is Faraday's steady.
A system's maximum amount of work is referred to as its Gibbs free energy. The standard cell potential is connected with the free energy by the recipe as follows: Δ G = -n F Ecell
Here, E cell is cell potential
Δ G is the free energy n is the quantity of electrons moved and F is Faraday's steady.
The given net cell equation is as follows: Mg + Sn²⁺⇒ Mg²⁺ + SnOxidation :
Mg ⇒ Mg ²⁺ + 2e⁻ E⁰anode = - 2.37 V
Reduction:Sn²⁺ + 2e⁻⇒ Sn E⁰
So, cathode = - 0.14V
The standard cell potential is calculated as follows:E⁰ cell = - 0.14 V- (- 2.37 V ) = 2.23 V
The half reaction potentials for the oxidation and reduction are determined. They are subbed in the equation and the standard cell potential is determined.
Number of electrons transferred , n = 2 ,[Mg²⁺] = 0.055M , [ Sn²⁺ ] = 0.030 M The Nernst equation for reaction :
Ecell = E °cell = \(\frac{0.0591}{n}\)log Mg ²⁺ / Sn²⁺
The cell potential for reaction is :
Ecell = 2.23V - \(\frac{0.0591}{2}\)log\(\frac{0.055M}{0.030M}\)= 2.22V
The values are substituted for the reaction calculated here in the Nernst equation and cell potential.
Calculation for the free energy for reaction ,
] Δ\(G_{rxn}\) = -nFE cell
= - 2 × 96485 C/ mol ×2.22 V
= --428393J/mol × \(\frac{1KJ}{1000J}\) = - 428.39kJ/mol
The cell potential for the response is subbed in the recipe and free energy for the response is determined
Nernst equation :
The standard electrode potential, absolute temperature, the number of electrons involved in the redox reaction, and activities (often approximated by concentrations) of the chemical species undergoing reduction and oxidation, respectively, can all be used to calculate the reduction potential of a half-cell or full cell reaction using the Nernst equation, a chemical thermodynamic relationship.
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Related Questions
Boiling point of water at 750 mmHg is 99.63⁰C. How much sucrose is to be added to 500 g of water such that it boils at 100⁰C. Kb for water 0.52 K Kg mol-1
Answers
Answer:
121.67 g is to be added to 500 g of water
Explanation:
Given that:
Pressure = 750 mmHg
Temperature T₁= 99.63⁰C = (273 + 99.63 ) = 372.63K
mass of water = 500 g
Temperature T₂ = 100⁰C = ( 273 + 100) K = 373 K
where;
Kb for water 0.52 K Kg mol-1
For sucrose; C₁₂ H₂₂ O₁₁
Molar mass = ( 12 × 12 )+ ( 1 × 22 ) + ( 16 × 11 )
Molar mass = 342 g/mol
ΔT = T₂ - T₁
ΔT = (373 - 372.63)K
ΔT = 0.37 K
∴ the amount of sucrose to be added to 500 g of water is:
\(= \dfrac{0.37\times 342 \times 500}{0.52 \times 1000 }\)
\(= \dfrac{6327}{52}\)
= 121.67 g
Thus; 121.67 g is to be added to 500 g of water
identify the degree of saturation in the fatty acids shown below as line-angle drawings.
Answers
In general, the degree of saturation in a fatty acid can be determined by looking at the carbon-carbon bonds. Here's a brief explanation:
1. Saturated fatty acids: In these molecules, all carbon atoms are connected by single bonds (C-C). This means that the carbon atoms are "saturated" with hydrogen atoms, and no more hydrogen atoms can be added to the molecule.
2. Unsaturated fatty acids: These molecules contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C). Due to the double bond, not all carbon atoms are fully saturated with hydrogen atoms. Unsaturated fatty acids can be further categorized into two types:
a. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs): These contain only one double bond in their structure.
b. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): These have more than one double bond in their structure.
To identify the degree of saturation in the fatty acids shown in the line-angle drawings, follow these steps:
1. Observe the carbon-carbon bonds in the drawing.
2. If all carbon atoms are connected by single bonds, the fatty acid is saturated.
3. If there is one carbon-carbon double bond, the fatty acid is monounsaturated.
4. If there are multiple carbon-carbon double bonds, the fatty acid is polyunsaturated.
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Someone plz help me :(
Answers
What type of bond is joining the two hydrogen atoms?a. covalentb. hydrophobicc. hydrophilicd. ionice. hydrogen
Answers
Answer:
hydrophilic
Explanation:
What does it mean for a hypothesis to be testable? APEX
Answers
Answer:
A Scientific hypothesis must be testable, for a hypothesis to be testable means that it is possible to make observations that agree or disagree with it. This statement may or may not be true, but it is not a scientific hypothesis. That's because it can't be tested.
Explanation:
a 50. l rigid container with a pressure of 2.24 atm initially has 0.58 moles of h2(g) and 0.42 moles of f2(g). the chemical reaction h2(g) f2(g) --> 2 hf(g) then went to completion to as great an extent as possible. what is the final pressure of the container, assuming temperature was the same before and after reaction and all gases acted ideally?
Answers
Assuming temperature was the same before and after reaction and all gases acted ideally, the final pressure of the container is 2.24 atm.
What is a gas’s pressure?A gas’s pressure is defined as the strain it causes on the container’s walls. When you blow air into a balloon, the envelope opens because the pressure of the air molecules inside the balloon is higher than on the outside.
The direction in which mass flows is calculated while determining pressure.
What does gas pressure mean in plain ?The force created when gas particles collide with the wall of their container is known as gas pressure. Force is applied to a region to create pressure.
The force that a gas applies to a particular area is known as gas pressure.
CalculationAs it is a rigid container, so volume will not change.
So V and T are fixed.
Initially total moles = 0.58+0.42
n1 = 1 mole
H2 + F2 = 2HF
We have total moles = 0.84 +0.16 after reaction
= 1mole
n2 = 1 mole P1 = 2.24atm
so P1/n1 = P2/n2
⇒ 2.24/1 = P2/1
⇒ P2 = 2.24 atm
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Which part of the ocean has the lowest temperatures and highest salinity?
Answers
Answer:
The north atlantic contains the warmest and saltiest water of the major oceans, the southern ocean is the coldest, the north pacific has the lowest average salinity. This density signature is locked into the water parcel when it sinks
Explanation:
i think
Air is made up of different gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.Which statement best describes these three components of air?They are all classified as pure substances.They cannot react with another substance.They are chemically bonded to one another.They can be classified as elements.
Answers
Answer:
The three components of air are all classified as pure substances since they are not chemically bonded so they can be separated by certain processes and be present as a pure substance.
Explanation:
The components of air are all pure substances, the correct option is A.
What are Pure Substances?A pure substance is a single type of matter that cannot be physically divided into other types of matter.
A pure substance has a known and consistent composition at all times.
A physical combination of two or more pure chemicals that maintain each substance's unique chemical identity is referred to as a mixture.
A pure material exists as a distinct entity. Mixtures are not pure substances, but elements and compounds are.
The characteristics of the mixture are sort of an average of the characteristics of the constituent ingredients.
The ingredients that make up a compound are substantially distinct from one another. However, a blend resembles the constituent parts.
Air is made up of different gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.
Air is a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, which are pure substances.
The statement that best describes the components of air is that they are all pure substances.
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The half-life for Carbon-14 is 5614 years. An ancient piece of cloth is found to contain ¼ of its original Carbon-14. How old is the cloth? Describe or show in detail how you solved this.
Answers
Answer:
To determine the age of the ancient cloth, we can use the concept of radioactive decay and the half-life of Carbon-14.
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon, which decays over time into nitrogen-14 through beta decay. The half-life of Carbon-14 is 5614 years, which means that after 5614 years, half of the original amount of Carbon-14 in a sample will have decayed.
In this case, the cloth contains only ¼ of its original Carbon-14. This means that three half-lives have passed since the cloth was first created, as each half-life reduces the amount of Carbon-14 by half.
To determine the age of the cloth, we can use the following formula:
N = N0(1/2)^t/T
where N is the current amount of Carbon-14 in the cloth, N0 is the original amount of Carbon-14 in the cloth, t is the time that has passed, and T is the half-life of Carbon-14.
We know that N = ¼ N0, and T = 5614 years. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
¼ N0 = N0(1/2)^(3/T)
Solving for t, we get:
t = (3/T) * log(2)
Substituting in T = 5614 years, we get:
t = (3/5614) * log(2) ≈ 1,684 years
Therefore, the cloth is approximately 1,684 years old.
In summary, we can use the concept of radioactive decay and the half-life of Carbon-14 to determine the age of the ancient cloth. By knowing the current amount of Carbon-14 in the cloth, we can calculate the time that has passed since it was first created using a simple formula. In this case, the cloth is approximately 1,684 years old.
will give brainliest if answered correctly
Subject is SCIENCE
Answers
Answer:
Gram
Centi-
Centimeter
Kilogram
Decimeter
Liter
Decimal System
Kilo-
Kilometer
Area
FILL THE BLANK. ibm's watson utilizes a massively parallel, text mining–focused, probabilistic evidence-based computational architecture called ________.
Answers
IBM's Watson utilizes a massively parallel, text mining-focused, probabilistic evidence-based computational architecture called DeepQA.
IBM's Watson utilizes a massively parallel, text mining-focused, probabilistic evidence-based computational architecture called DeepQA.
IBM's Watson utilizes a massively parallel, text mining-focused, probabilistic evidence-based computational architecture called DeepQA.
IBM's Watson utilizes a massively parallel, text mining-focused, probabilistic evidence-based computational architecture called DeepQA.
Learn more about IBM's Watson
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is c10H8 a conductor
Answers
Answer:
No
Explanation:
Napthalene cannot conduct electricity
The scale on the front panel of a certain manual spectrophotometer reads from 0.0010 to 100 % transmittance. What are the corresponding absorbance values at these two ends of the scale?
Answers
The relationship between transmittance (T) and absorbance (A) is given by the equation:
A = -log10(T)
To find the corresponding absorbance values at the two ends of the scale, we can substitute the transmittance values into the equation.
For 0.0010 % transmittance:
A = -log10(0.0010)
For 100 % transmittance:
A = -log10(1)
Since the log of 1 is 0, the absorbance at 100 % transmittance is 0.
Calculating the absorbance values for the given transmittance values will provide the corresponding values at the two ends of the scale.
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Why is governmental funding of research important?
A. The government makes sure all scientists get the same amount of
money.
B. The government grants funding only to scientists whose research
won't harm people.
C. Scientists work for the government, which is where they get their
money from.
D. The government determines what is right and wrong for everyone.
Answers
Answer:
D. The government determines what is right & wrong for everyone
Explanation:
an organism that could be classified as an autograph is a) mushroom
b) bean plant c) segmented worm or d) frog
Answers
Answer:
Bean Plant
Explanation:
This is because a bean plant produces it's own food.
why did modern's say atoms are divisible
Answers
Which statement best describes the atoms in a gas?
Answers
Answer:
They move freely in all directions.
Explanation:
Type the correct answer in the box. Use numerals instead of words. If necessary, use / for the fraction bar.
Use the information given to correctly complete the sentence.
A scientist observes that a zebra ran 54 yards in 135 seconds.
The zebra ran at a rate of
feet per minute. I LOVE YOU RO
Answers
Answer:
it's answer is 24 yards
hope it helps you friend
tbhwrverhbvjhhdshvuyf7474638783269
Which of the following characteristics indicates that an atom is unstable?
Answers
Answer:
I think is d.
Explanation:
particles that make up the nucleus are balanced. An atom is unstable (radioactive) if these forces are unbalanced; if the nucleus has an excess of internal energy. the Instability of an atom's nucleus may result from an excess of either neutrons or protons.
I'm not sure, but hope it helps.
Forming very strong bond characteristics indicates that an atom is unstable. Hence, option D is correct.
What is an atom?An atom is any particle of matter which contains at least one proton.
An atom is unstable if the nucleus has an excess of internal energy.
The Instability of an atom's nucleus may be due to an excess of either neutrons or protons.
Hence, forming very strong bond characteristics indicates that an atom is unstable.
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insertion mutation definition ?
Answers
Answer:
Insertion is a type of mutation involving the addition of genetic material. An insertion mutation can be small, involving a single extra DNA base pair, or large, involving a piece of a chromosome.
Explanation:
insertion is some sort of mutation that records the addition of genetic material
What adds nucleotides to exposed bases?
Answers
An enzyme known as DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to exposed bases during DNA replication.
What is DNA polymerase?An enzyme known as DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides to the exposed bases of the DNA strand, catalyses the replication of DNA. The DNA double helix unwinds and the two strands split during DNA replication. This enables the original DNA strand's exposed bases to act as a template for the construction of a new complimentary strand.
By pairing the appropriate complementary nucleotide with the exposed base and then joining the complementary nucleotides together via the formation of a phosphodiester bond, DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the exposed bases. A primase is required to add a short RNA primer to the template strand since DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3'-end of a developing strand.
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how does the atomic structure of a material impact its properties and the way that material functions (I need a paragraph)
Answers
Answer:
answer below
Explanation:
The atomic structure primarily affects the chemical, physical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. The properties of a material offer clues as to the structure of the material. The strength of metals suggests that these atoms are held together by strong bonds.
Venus is more than five times as far from the Sun as Mercury is. Is it true or False?
Answers
Answer: false
Explanation:
Can someone explain me the energy transfer of a s’more in a campfire?
Answers
Answer:
Energy is the ability to do work, or in more simple terms: energy makes things happen. You use energy to ride your bike, play video games, bake cookies, and drive to school. Energy is exciting! Energy can be transferred from one object to another, and energy can be transferred into different forms, such as light, sound, and heat. When you sit by a campfire, you can feel the heat warm your body. The heat from the burning wood is transferred to your marshmallow, causing it to get soft and gooey. Perfect for your s’mores!
Heat can move from warm objects to cool objects, just like in the video when the heat from the wires made the paper ignite.
Explanation:
pure toluene (c7h8) has a normal boiling point of 110.60oc. a solution of 7.80 g of anthracene (c14h10), in 100.0 g.toluene has a boiling point of 112.06oc. a. what is the molality of the solution? b. what is the molal boiling point elevation constant for toluene?
Answers
Pure toluene (c7h8) has a normal boiling point of 110.60oc. A solution of 7.80 g of anthracene (c14h10), in 100.0 g. toluene has a boiling point of 112.06oc. The molality of the solution is 0.438 mol/kg. and the molal boiling point elevation constant for Toluene is 3.33 °C/m.
Given that,
Molecular weight of Toluene, C7H8 = 92 g/mol
Molecular weight of Anthracene, C14H10 = 178 g/mol
Boiling point of pure Toluene, Tb° = 110.6°C
Boiling point of Toluene solution containing Anthracene, Tb = 112.06°C
We need to find the molality of the solution and the molal boiling point elevation constant for Toluene.
Molality of the solution:
Molality is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
(Here, the solvent is Toluene and the solute is Anthracene.) Number of moles of Anthracene,
n2 = Weight of Anthracene / Molecular weight of Anthracene = 7.80 g / 178 g/mol = 0.0438 moles
Number of kilograms of solvent,
w1 = Weight of Toluene / 1000 = 100.0 g / 1000 = 0.1 kg
Molality of solution, m = n2 / w1 = 0.0438 / 0.1 = 0.438 mol/kg
Therefore, the molality of the solution is 0.438 mol/kg.
Molal boiling point elevation constant for Toluene:
The elevation in the boiling point of the solvent is given by the formula:
ΔTb = Kb . m . i
where Kb is the molal boiling point elevation constant. m is the molality of the solution. i is the van't Hoff factor (which is equal to 1 for non-electrolytes like Anthracene)
ΔTb = Tb - Tb°= 112.06°C - 110.6°C = 1.46°C
We know that m = 0.438 mol/kg
Hence,1.46 = Kb . 0.438 . 1Kb = 3.33 °C/m
Therefore, the molal boiling point elevation constant for Toluene is 3.33 °C/m.
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This is the Image for my question
Answers
Answer:
uhm
Explanation:
identify necessary precautions when carrying out a vacuum filtration with organic materials.
Answers
while carrying out a vacuum filtration with organic materials these things should be kept in mind always;
1. melting point should be estimated by quick heating.
2. melting should be observed carefully by supplying slow heating.
3. careful measurement should be recorded during filtration.
vacuum filtration is also known as suction filtration used for separating the solid particles from the liquids by applying a driving force that pulls the liquid from the filter and the solid remains outside the filter. examples of vacuum filtration are making tea as we can separate tea leaves from tea by using a strainer in a cup.
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The normal boiling point of ethanol is 78.4 C, and the heat of vaporization is Delta H vap = 38.6 kJ / mol.
What is the boiling point of ethanol in C on top of Mt. Everest, where P = 260 mmHg.
Answers
The boiling point of ethanol on top of Mt. Everest, where the pressure is 260 mmHg, is approximately 68.5°C.
At higher altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is lower, and therefore the boiling point of liquids decreases. This is because the lower pressure reduces the vapor pressure required for boiling to occur. To calculate the boiling point of ethanol at 260 mmHg, we can use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which relates the vapor pressure of a substance to its temperature and heat of vaporization. By plugging in the given values for the normal boiling point, heat of vaporization, and pressure on Mt. Everest, we can solve for the new boiling point. Learn more about the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and its applications at #SPJ11.
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the greenhouse effect
Answers
The greenhouse effect refers to global warming as a consequence of the accumulation of greenhouse gases.
What are greenhouse gases?Greenhouse gases are different types of gaseous elements that trap solar radiation on the Earth's surface.
The most important greenhouse gases include, among others, methane and carbon dioxide (CO2).
In conclusion, the greenhouse effect refers to global warming as a consequence of the accumulation of greenhouse gases.
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saras car is advertised to get 43 miles per gallon. Sara calculated her gas mileage over the pass month to 39 miles per gallon was Sara's percent yield og gas mileage?
Answers
Answer:
Sara's percentage yield of gas mileage is approximately 90.7%
Explanation:
Percentage yield of an process is given by the ratio of the observed, experienced (calculated), or actual yield to the theoretical yield of the process and then multiplying the result by 100%
\(Percentage \ yield = \dfrac{Actual \ yield}{Theoretical \ yield} \times 100\)
The theoretical yield of Sara's car is the mileage advertised for the car which the car has 'ideally' which is 43 miles per gallon
∴ The theoretical yield = 43 miles/gallon
The actual yield is the yield of the car Sara is able to calculate, based on how she uses the car which is 39 miles per gallon
∴ The actual yield = 39 miles/gallon
Sara's percentage yield of gas mileage for the car, % yield, therefore is given as follows;
% yield = (39 miles/gallon)/(43 miles/gallon) × 100 ≈ 90.7%
Sara's percentage yield of gas mileage, % yield ≈ 90.7%.