bimetallic cooperativity with a 2-phosphinoimidazole-derived pd(ii) dimer enables naphthalene synthesis via dimeric pd(iii) catalysis.
Answers
Through an unprecedented coupling of aryl iodides and methyl ketones in the presence of silver triflate, these complexes with distinctive catalytic activity enable the quick synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted naphthalenes.
What is the process of naphthalene synthesis?
A methyl ketone is first arylated on a Pd catalyst, and then it is cyclized with a second equivalent of a ketone to complete the transition. This ketone arylation process is significant since it takes place in oxidizing circumstances, which points to the use of dimeric Pd catalysts with greater oxidation states.
The mechanism involving Pd(III) bimetallic catalysis at a high oxidation state on the basis of measurements and DFT calculations. We confirm the significance of the palladium catalyst for both arylation and cyclization for naphthalene production because these new bimetallic complexes exhibit reactivity that is not seen with monometallic Pd catalysts.
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Related Questions
starting with acetyl chloride, ch3cocl, what charged nucleophile could be used to make ch3co2coch3? what neutral nucleophile could be used to make ch3conh2?
Answers
A neutral nucleophile such as ammonia (NH₃) can be used to make CH₃CONH₂.
To make CH₃CO₂COCH₃ from acetyl chloride (CH₃COCl), a negatively charged nucleophile such as sodium acetate (CH₃COO⁻ Na⁺) can be used. The reaction would be:
CH₃COCl + CH₃COONa → CH₃CO₂COCH₃ + NaCl
To make CH₃CONH₂ from acetyl chloride (CH₃COCl), a neutral nucleophile such as ammonia (NH₃) can be used. The reaction would be:
CH₃COCl + NH₃ → CH₃CONH₂ + HCl
A neutral nucleophile is a molecule or atom that can donate a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond with another molecule or atom without carrying an overall positive or negative charge.
Neutral nucleophiles typically have a lone pair of electrons that they can use to form a new bond, and they do not react as readily as charged nucleophiles.
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can someone help me with this?
Answers
Answer:
I see "photosynthesis" and "cellular respiration". I wonder if photosynthesis has something to do with the sun.
Explanation:
A 295 g aluminum engine part at an initial temperature if 13.00 degrees Celsius absorbs 75.0 kJ of heat. What is the final temperature of the part (c of AL - 0.900 J/gK)?
Answers
Explanation: Given data:
The mass is m=295g
The initial temperature is T1=13∘C
The absorbed heat is Q=75kJ
The specific heat of aluminum is CAl=0.9J/g∘C
The expression for the heat is written as:
Q=mCAl(T2−T1)
Here, T2is the final temperature
Substitute the known values:
75×103=295g×0.9J/g∘C(T2−13∘C)T2≈295∘C
Thus, the final temperature is 295∘C.
Make a list of characteristics that all waves have in common
Answers
Answer:
sound waves, light waves, radio waves, microwaves and others
Explanation:
these waves have the same fundamental properties of reflection ,refraction, diffraction and interference, and all waves have a wavelength, frequency, speed and amplitude
mixing cfc-12 and hfc-134a in the same system will:
Answers
Mixing CFC-12 and HFC-134a in the same system can have detrimental effects on the system's performance and environmental impact.
CFC-12, also known as Freon-12, is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) that has been widely used as a refrigerant in the past. However, CFCs are known to contribute to ozone depletion and have been phased out due to their harmful effects on the ozone layer.
HFC-134a, on the other hand, is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant that does not contain chlorine and has a significantly lower impact on the ozone layer. It has been adopted as a replacement for CFCs in many applications.
When CFC-12 and HFC-134a are mixed in the same system, it can result in several issues. The different properties and chemical compositions of these refrigerants can lead to reduced cooling capacity, increased energy consumption, and decreased overall system efficiency. Furthermore, the release of CFC-12 into the atmosphere can contribute to ozone depletion, which is why its use and mixing with other refrigerants should be avoided.
To ensure optimal performance and environmental safety, it is recommended to use refrigerants that are compatible with the specific system and to follow the guidelines provided by manufacturers and regulatory agencies.
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A chemical X breaks down to chemical Y. At t=0, [B] = 0.00M at t=5.00 s, [Y] = 0.150M/ What is the average reaction rate?
Group of answer choices
-0.300 mol/Ls
0.300 mol/Ls
-0.0300 mol/Ls
0.0300 mol/Ls
Answers
this is the answer, but check the calculations first and see if it matches 0.300 mol/Ls
When 50.0 mL of 1.00 M HCl(aq) and 50.0 mL of 1.00 M NaOH(aq), both at 22.0 °C, are added to a coffee cup calorimeter, the temperature of the mixture reaches a maximum of 28.9 °C. What is the approximate amount of heat produced by this reaction? The specific heat of solution (4.18 J/g oC) and density of solution (1.00 g/mL)
HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)→NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)
Select one:
a.
+2.9 kJ
b.
−2.9 kJ
c.
+2.9 x 103 kJ
d.
−2.9 x 103 kJ
Answers
The heat produced by the reaction, follow these steps Calculate the total mass of the solution The volume of both solutions combined is 50.0 mL + 50.0 mL = 100.0 Mlo Since the density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL, the mass is 100.0 mL x 1.00 g/mL = 100.0 g.
The Calculate the temperature change the final temperature is 28.9°C, and the initial temperature is 22.0°C. So, the temperature change is 28.9°C - 22.0°C = 6.9°C. Use the formula for heat (q): q = mcΔT, where m is the mass of the solution, c is the specific heat of the solution (4.18 J/Gac), and ΔT is the temperature change. Plug in the values: q = (100.0 g) x (4.18 J/Gac) x (6.9°C) = 2884.2 J. Convert the heat to kJ: 2884.2 J ÷ 1000 = 2.884 kJ (approximately). The heat produced by the reaction is approximately +2.9 kJ (option a).
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A component of pancreatic juice that functions to neutralize acidic chyme as it enters the small intestine is called:_________
Answers
In order to neutralize the acidic chyme, a hormone called secretin stimulates the pancreas to produce alkaline bicarbonate solution and deliver it to the duodenum.
What is Pancreatic juice ?Your pancreas produces pancreatic fluids called enzymes that aid in digesting. These enzymes disintegrate carbohydrates, lipids, and sugars. By producing hormones, the pancreas also supports your digestive system. These chemical messengers move throughout your bloodstream.
The pancreatic juice has a pH of approximately 8.6. (alkaline). The correct response is "8.6" because it has a high concentration of bicarbonate ions, which causes it to be alkaline.Learn more about Pancreatic juice here:
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I need help fast
What type of reaction is 2NaCN(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → 2HCN(g) + Na2SO4(aq)
Answers
2NaCN(aq) + H2SO4(aq) 2HCN(g) + Na2SO4 is the reaction balanced equation (aq). The two reactants (NaCN and H2SO4) in this reaction exchange ions to create two new products (HCN and Na2SO4).
Na2co3 h2so4 is what kind of reaction?When sulphuric acid mixes with sodium carbonate, it goes through a double displacement reaction that creates sodium sulphate and carbonic acid.
What is a good illustration of a neutralisation reaction?The neutralisation reaction occurs when a strong acid combines with a strong base, producing a s2NaCN(aq) + H2SO4(aq) 2HCN(g) + Na2SO4 is the reaction's balanced equation (aq). The two reactants (NaCN and H2SO4) in this reaction exchange ions to create two new products (HCN and Na2SO4).
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How many moles of salt (NaCl) are in a teaspoon of salt that contains 5.00 g?
Answers
Answer:
1
Explanation:
M r ( NaCl ) = A r ( Na ) + A r ( Cl ) = 23 + 35,5 = 58,5
So, 1 mol of NaCl has a mass of 58,5 g.
Moles of NaCl = 58,5 g NaCl
times (x)
1 mol NaCl = 58,5 g NaCl = 1,00 mol NaCl
According to the mole concept, there are 0.140 moles in teaspoon of salt that contains 5 g.
What is a mole?Mole is defined as the unit of amount of substance . It is the quantity measure of amount of substance of how many elementary particles are present in a given substance.
It is defined as exactly 6.022×10²³ elementary entities. The elementary entity can be a molecule, atom ion depending on the type of substance. Amount of elementary entities in a mole is called as Avogadro's number.
It is widely used in chemistry as a suitable way for expressing amounts of reactants and products.For the practical purposes, mass of one mole of compound in grams is approximately equal to mass of one molecule of compound measured in Daltons. Molar mass has units of gram per mole . In case of molecules, where molar mass in grams present in one mole of atoms is its atomic mass.Number of moles is calculated as, mass/molar mass.
In this case number of moles is calculated as, 5/35.5=0.140 moles.
Thus, there are 0.140 moles in 5 g teaspoon of salt.
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The texture of many foods is determined by the physical state of the lipid phase. Which one of these statements is NOT true? a. The solid fat content versus temperature profile plays an important role in determining the texture
b. The morphology of the crystals formed plays an important role in determining the texture
c. The texture of foods containing partially crystalline lipids can be described as "plastic"
d. The polymorphic form of fat crystals is in a glassy state
Answers
d. The polymorphic form of fat crystals is in a glassy state is NOT true.
The statement that the polymorphic form of fat crystals is in a glassy state is not true. Polymorphism refers to the ability of a substance to exist in multiple crystal structures or forms. Lipids, including fats, can exhibit polymorphism, meaning they can crystallize in different arrangements or crystal forms.
When it comes to the texture of foods containing lipids, the polymorphic form of fat crystals does play a significant role. The specific crystal form and arrangement of the lipids can affect the texture of the food, influencing factors such as mouthfeel, creaminess, and stability.
The solid fat content versus temperature profile is an essential factor in determining texture, as stated in option a. The morphology of the crystals formed, as mentioned in option b, also plays a crucial role in texture. Option c is true as well, as foods containing partially crystalline lipids can exhibit a "plastic" texture.
However, option d is not accurate because the polymorphic form of fat crystals can exist in various states, including crystalline and semi-crystalline states, but not in a glassy state. Glassy states are typically associated with amorphous materials rather than crystalline structures.
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PLZ HELP, NO MESSING AROUND, WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!
Answers
Covalent bond is a type of chemical bond which is due to the sharing an electron from each and every atom that is participating in the bond.
Ionic Bond:Ionic bond is a type of bond which is formed due to the complete donation of an electron from one atom to another.
Ionic bond is formed between metals and non-metals. The group which provide the Metal are IA and IIA i.e. S block elements. The group which mostly provide non-metal is VII A i.e. halogens. The Metals give up their ONLY Valance shell electron which is accepted by the Non-metal. This results in formation of ions, The Metals gets the positive charge thus called cation and The non-metal gets a negative charge thus called anion. These Positive and Negative ion attract each other resulting in the formation of IONIC BOND.
_____________________________________The Ionic bond is formed between The metal and non metal because, the metals have low ionization energy due to which the valence shell is ejected out easily, and The Non-Metals have high electron affinity which means that they attract an electron with greater force because they need one electron to complete their octet. As the non metal has high electron affinity and metal have low electron affinity thus the electronegativity difference between the non metal and metal is more than 2 thus they make ionic bond.
_____________________________________Rule of Electronegativity:Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract shared pair of electron. If there is electronegativity difference between the two atom more than 2 then it makes IONIC BOND. If the electronegativity difference is less than 2, it makes COVALENT BOND.
_____________________________________Question:The question says, the KCl has ionic bond but HCl has covalent bond, why?
Answer:Answer is that KCl has electronegativity difference between K and Cl atom more than 2 thus it forms ionic bond. H and Cl has electronegativity difference of less than 2 thus it makes Covalent Bond. K donates its valence electron completely to the Chlorine atom because chlorine has much more electronegativity than potassium(K). H shares an electron with chlorine, it is not completely donated. H has pair of electron for sometime and chlorine has pair of electron for sometime, It is because the Chlorine and Hydrogen has less difference of electronegativity so they attract with almost same electronegativity.
_____________________________________Best Regards,'Borz'Classify each statement as true or false. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. View Available Hint(s) Reset Help Period 3 elements have The valence electrons of group 5A The highest principal quantumThe valence electrons of group 2A six 2p electrons elements are in the 6s subshell. number of period 2 elements is 2. elements are in an s subshell. Period 4 elements have an completely full outer principal shells. inner electron configuration of [Ar]. number of period 3 elements is 4. Group 8A elements have The highest principal quantum Period 5 elements have an inner electron configuration of [Xe]. True False
Answers
The following are the true statements: Period 3 elements have The valence electrons of group 5A The highest principal quantum The valence electrons of group 2A six 2p electrons elements are in the 6s subshell. number of period 2 elements is 2
Valence electrons are placed in the outer most orbit of the atom and that orbit (shell) is called the valence shell. Let‟s take an example to identify them. Write the configuration of Oxygen 8O : 1s2 , 2s2 , 2p4
Oxygen has 6 electrons in its outer most orbit (2+4) that means it has 6 valence electrons and orbit 2 is called the valence shell. Now place these electrons in orbitals of their respective sub-shell.
Oxygen has 6 valence electrons and it needs 2 more electrons to achieve octet. The number of electrons needed to complete octet is termed as the valency of an element. This value can be obtained by subtracting the number of valence electrons from octet (8). So, the valency of Oxygen is 2. That means Oxygen is ready to share its 2 valence electrons or ready to accept 2 more electrons in order to achieve octet.
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In an appropriately designed experiment, a scientist is able to test the effect of
Answers
A) a single variable B) multiple variables
C) the hypothesis D) scientific observations
This answer is A. a single variable
Hope this helps!
Can someone please help me with this?
Answers
Answer:
Lonic.an electron will be transferred from potassium to the chlorine atom
\(\huge\boxed{Option C}\)
_____________________________________IONIC BOND:Ionic bond is a type of bond which is formed between metals and non-metals. The group which provide the Metal are IA and IIA i.e. S block elements. The group which mostly provide non-metal is VII A i.e. halogens. The Metals give up their ONLY Valance shell electron which is accepted by the Non-metal. This results in formation of ions, The Metals gets the positive charge thus called cation and The non-metal gets a negative charge thus called anion. These Positive and Negative ion attract each other resulting in the formation of IONIC BOND.
The Ionic bond is formed between The metal and non metal because, the metals have low ionization energy due to which the valence shell is ejected out easily, and The Non-Metals have high electron affinity which means that they attract an electron with greater force because they need one electron to complete their octet.
_____________________________________Question:Question has given two atoms Potassium and chlorine. Potassium(Group 1) is metal, Chlorine(Group 7) is non metal. As you can se that there is only one electron in the outer shell of Potassium "K" and Chlorine need only one electron to complete its outer shell so Potassium will give its electron to Chlorine. Due to this reason K will become positive and Cl will become negative and they will both attract eachother forming ionic bond.
So the answer is Option C: Electron will be transferred from the potassium to the chlorine atom.
_____________________________________Best Regards,'Borz'how much fluoride (in milligrams) is present in a 100 mg sample of bone with this fluoride concentration?
Answers
The amount of fluoride (in milligrams) is present in a 100 mg sample of bone with this fluoride concentration is 7mg per 100mg.
In this systematic review investigation, the necessary information was gathered by searching PubMed, ScienceDirect, IranMedex, SID, MEDLIB, and Magiran databases using the terms drinking water fluoride, fluoride concentration, fluorosis, dent*, Iran*, and their Persian equivalents. After removing the remaining publications that were unrelated to the study's aims, 29 articles out of 617 were ultimately taken into consideration. The pertinent data were carefully examined and extracted, and then they were compiled in extraction tables and manually examined. The diagrams were created using the Excel 2007 programme.
In 29 papers, the fluoride contents of drinking water were determined using 4434 samples of surface, ground, and tap water resources that were gathered over the course of 236 months across all seasons in 17 regions of Iran. An average fluoride concentration of 0.43 0.17 ppm was calculated, with zero and 3.06 serving as the minimum and maximum values. Tap water has the lowest concentration. Only three provinces had fluoride concentrations that met the international standard. Estimates place the frequency of fluorosis at 61%, with just 1% of cases being considered severe.
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Complete question:
Fluoride lon in Drinking Water Sodium fluoride is added to drinking water in many municipalities to protect teeth against cavities. The target of the fluoridation is hydroxyapatite,
a compound in tooth enamel. There is concern, however, that fluoride ions in water may contribute to skeletal fluorosis, an arthritis-like disease.
a. Write a net ionic equation for the reaction between hydroxyapatite and sodium fluoride that produces fluorapatite,
b. The EPA currently restricts the concentration of
in drinking water to
. Express this concentration of
in molarity.
c. One study of skeletal fluorosis suggests that drinking water with a fluoride concentration of
for
20 years raises the fluoride content in bone to
, a level at which a patient may experience stiff joints and other symptoms. How much fluoride (in milligrams) is present in a 100 mg sample of bone with this fluoride concentration?
How
much heat must be added to
85g
of water
to raise its temperature 225?
Answers
Answer:
One of water's most significant properties is that it takes a lot of heat to it to make it get hot. Precisely, water has to absorb 4,184 Joules of heat (1 calorie) for the temperature of one kilogram of water to increase 1°C.
Explanation:
How to we measure energy?
Answers
Answer:
The official measurement unit for energy is the Joule (J). Among the most common units measuring energy mention should be made of the kilowatt/hour (kWh), used especially for electric energy (in fact it is used to calculate electricity bills).
What is the phase change in which
a substance changes from a gas to
liquid?
a
Answers
Answer:
Usually the answer to this kind of question would be Condensation
Explanation:
You feel me my Guy...
Answer:
vaporization
Explanation:
why are large atoms more reactive than small atoms
Answers
Answer:
large atoms have Valence electrons further from the nucleus and lose them more readily.
PLS HELP!! ASAP!! 10 POINTS!!
From Dalton's atomic theory, a few parts were disproven over the course of years of experiments. Which part was modified by the discovery of subatomic particles?
That matter is made of atoms.
If the same elements are in a two different compounds, their ratio will always be the smallest whole number ratio for that compound.
That atoms cannot be divided.
That all atoms of an element are exactly the same
Answers
The indivisibility of an atom was proved wrong: an atom can be further subdivided into protons, neutrons and electrons. ... According to Dalton, the atoms of same element are similar in all respects. However, atoms of some elements vary in their masses and densities. These atoms of different masses are called isotopes.
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Element "X" forms the compounds XCl₂ and X₃N₂. In the periodic table, element "X" would most likely be found in Group __?
Answers
Answer:
2
Explanation:
The compounds XCl₂ and X₃N₂ shows that the valency of X is 2. If they are ionic compounds then X is a metal. The metals having valency=2 mostly reside in group-2.
Concentrated hydrochloric acid is 36% (Weight/Volume) hydrochloric acid and has a density of 1.18 g.cm -3.
( i ) If 10 cm 3 of the concentrated acid is dissolved in water to produce 1 dm 3 of solution, calculate the concentration in mol. dm-3 of the dilute solution.
( ii ) If 5cm3 of the dilute solution in ( i ) above is made up to 20 cm3, what will be the new concentration in mol.dm-3.
Answers
i. The new concentration is 0.116 M
ii. The new concentration is 0.029 M
What is the concentration of the original hydrochloric acid acid?The concentration of the original or stock hydrochloric acid is calculated as follows:
Molarity = Percentage concentration * Density * 1000/Molar mass * 100Molarity of stock HCl = 36 * 1.18* 1000 /36.5 * 100
Molarity of stock HCl = 11.6 mol/dm
i. Using the dilution formula: M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
M₂ = M₁V₁ /V₂
M₂ = 11.6 * 10/1000
M₂ = 0.116 M
The new concentration = 0.116 M
ii. Using M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
M₂ = M₁V₁ /V₂
M₂ = 0.116 * 5/20
M₂ = 0.029 M
The new concentration = 0.029 M
In conclusion, the new concentrations are found using the dilution formula.
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an aqueous acid ionization reaction always generates select the correct answer below: hydroxide. hydronium. water. none of the above.
Answers
Hydroxide ions are produced in solution by Arrhenius bases. There are no free hydrogen ions in water. Because bases in water form hydroxide ions, it will result in their production.
What does water acid ionisation mean?Ka=[H+][A−]/[HA] .The amount of the original acid that has been ionised in solution is represented by the acid ionisation. As a result, the numerical value of Ka represents the acid's strength. Stronger acids than weaker acids with relatively lower Ka values include weak acids with substantially higher Ka values.
Which ions do acids make when they ionise water?When an acid is dissolved in water, hydrogen ions are produced; as a result, the solution's hydrogen ion concentration rises.
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Check all of the ones that are a Chemical Change * Precipitate Formation Gas Production Heat is Released Solids Freeze Liquids Condense Substances Dissolve Bubbling occurs Color Change
Answers
Explanation:
A chemical change in a changes that leads to formation new product or chemical substance having new qualities both physical and chemical.
Therefore, chemical changes can be
1. Gas Production
2. Substances Dissolve to form new substance or solution.
3. Heat is Released is a chemical change.
4. Bubbling occurs.
Rest all are examples of physical changes.
a neutral atom is bombarded with sufficient energy that an electron is liberated. the result is called
Answers
Answer:
A cation.
Explanation:
When an electron is liberated, that means it is removed from the atom.
When an electron is lost, the atom is ionized, and becomes a cation.
It becomes a cation because it loses one negative charge, and therefore become positively charged.
Which of these figures correctly illustrates the nature of the bonding of h2o?.
Answers
H2O is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The central oxygen atom is sp3 hybridized.
H2O is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The oxygen atom is bonded to the two hydrogen atoms at a dihedral angle of 104°. There are two lone pairs on the oxygen atom. The molecule has a bent geometry.
The structure of H2O is shown in the image attached to this answer. The central oxygen atom is sp3 hybridized and the shape of the molecule is based on a tetrahedron owing to its electron pair geometry.
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what is the difference between thermal energy and heat ?
Answers
There is really no difference thermal energy and heat are pretty the same thing.
Answer:
Thermal energy refers to the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature. Heat is the flow of thermal energy.
What is the name of the molecule shown below?
A. 1-heptyne
B. 1-heptene
C. 2-heptane
D. 2-heptyne
Answers
Answer:
B. 1-heptene
Explanation:
The 1-HEPTENE molecule contains a total of 20 bond(s) There are 6 non-H bond(s), 1 multiple bond(s), 4 rotatable bond(s) and 1 double bond(s).
Answer:
B
Explanation:
you start from the double bond for naming of hydrocarbons, ethene has double bond has its characteristics, we have seven chains, so the answer is 1-heptene
Determine the ratio in whole numbers of the masses of carbon that combine with 1.00 g of oxygen between the two compounds.
Answers
The ratio in whole numbers of the masses of carbon that combine with 1.00 g of oxygen between the two compounds is 3:1.
To determine the ratio in whole numbers of the masses of carbon that combine with 1.00 g of oxygen, we need to look at the ratios of their atomic masses.
The atomic mass of carbon (C) is approximately 12.01 g/mol, and the atomic mass of oxygen (O) is approximately 16.00 g/mol.
To find the ratio of their masses, we can divide the atomic masses:
Mass ratio = Atomic mass of carbon / Atomic mass of oxygen
Mass ratio = 12.01 g/mol / 16.00 g/mol
Mass ratio = 0.75125
The ratio obtained, 0.75125, is not a whole number. However, we can approximate it to a whole number ratio by multiplying it by a common factor to eliminate the decimal.
In this case, multiplying the ratio by 4 yields:
Approximate whole number ratio = 4 * 0.75125 ≈ 3
Therefore, the approximate whole number ratio of the masses of carbon that combine with 1.00 g of oxygen is 3:1.
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