Before conducting a discharge test for halon and clean agent extinguishing systems, it is necessary to accomplish a leakage integrity test.
This test is performed to determine the amount of leakage from the protected area. It involves pressurizing the system with an inert gas, such as nitrogen, and monitoring the pressure for a specified duration. If there is a significant drop in pressure during the test, it indicates the presence of leaks in the system, which can affect the effectiveness of the extinguishing agent during an actual fire event. By conducting the leakage integrity test, any leaks can be identified and repaired before proceeding with the discharge test, ensuring that the system is operating properly and effectively.
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why you so mean to me? leave my questions please. answer them
Answer: Why is even here then.
Explanation:
how much power (kw) would be required to drive the compressor if the total volumetric flow rate at the inlet is 450 m3/s?
The power required to drive the compressor for a volumetric flow rate of 450 m3/s is 13,500 kW.
Compressor power, also known as compression power, is the amount of power required to compress a gas or fluid. It is typically measured in watts (W) or horsepower (hp).
Compressor power is an important factor in determining the efficiency and performance of a compressor.
Calculate the mass flow rate (m):
m = ρ*V
m = 1.2 kg/m3 * 450 m3/s
m = 540 kg/s
2. Calculate the compressor power (P):
P = m*(h2 - h1)
P = 540 kg/s * (3.3 - 1.3) kJ/kg
P = 13,500 kW
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Two 100 k12 resistors are wired in series across a 20 V source. How much voltage does each resistor drop? a. 10 V b. 100 mA c. 020 V d. 100 kΩ
Using Ohm's Law and the properties of series resistors to find the voltage drop across each resistor, it is found that the voltage drop across each 100 kΩ resistor is (A) 10 V
When resistors are wired in series, the same current flows through each resistor, but the voltage is divided between them according to their resistance values. To find the voltage drop across each resistor in this circuit, we can use the voltage divider formula:
1. Since the two 100 kΩ resistors are in series, their total resistance (R_total) is the sum of their individual resistances:
R_total = R1 + R2
= 100 kΩ + 100 kΩ
= 200 kΩ.
2. Now, we can use Ohm's Law (V = IR) to find the total current (I) flowing through the circuit. Rearranging the formula, we get \(I = \frac{V}{Rtotal}\). Substituting the values,
\(I = \frac{20 V}{200kΩ }\)
= 0.0001 A, or 100 µA.
3. Since the resistors are in series, they have the same current flowing through them. To find the voltage drop across each resistor, we can use Ohm's Law again (V = IR). For each resistor, V = I × R.
4. For each 100 kΩ resistor, V = (100 µA) × (100 kΩ) = 10 V.
So, the voltage drop across each 100 kΩ resistor is 10 V, which corresponds to option (a).
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Which of the following most accurately describes an institutional conflict of interest?
Answer:
Defined as a situation in which the financial investments or holdings of Stanford University or the personal financial interests or holdings of institutional leaders might affect or reasonably appear to affect institutional processes for the design, conduct, reporting, review, or oversight of human subjects research.
design a 10-to-4 encoder with the inputs 1-out-of-10 code and outputs coded normally for 0 – 7 (binary 0000 - 0111) and 8 is coded as e (1110) and 9 is coded as f (1111). show the internal circuit.
To design a 10-to-4 encoder with the specified input and output codes, you can use a combination of logic gates. The internal circuit will include decoders and multiplexers to achieve the desired encoding.
Start by designing a 4-line to 16-line decoder. This decoder will have four input lines and sixteen output lines. The input lines will correspond to the binary representation of the input numbers from 0 to 9. In contrast, the output lines will activate the appropriate output signals based on the input.Connect the input lines of the decoder to the 4-bit input lines representing the 1-out-of-10 code. Each input line will be connected to the corresponding bit of the input code. For example, the first input line will be connected to the least significant bit (LSB) of the input code, and so on.Connect the output lines of the decoder to a multiplexer. The output lines of the decoder represent all possible combinations of the 1-out-of-10 code. The multiplexer will select the appropriate output based on the input code and map it to the desired output code.Configure the multiplexer to have four output lines. Connect the output lines of the multiplexer to the desired output code for 0 to 7, which is the binary representation of these numbers.For the input code 8, connect the four output lines of the multiplexer to the binary code 1110, which represents the number 8 in binary.For the input code 9, connect the four output lines of the multiplexer to the binary code 1111, which represents the number 9 in binary.Following these steps, you can design a 10-to-4 encoder that satisfies the requirements. The internal circuit will include a 4-line to 16-line decoder and a multiplexer to map the input code to the desired output code.To learn more about encoding: brainly.com/question/4211230
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In a study, 54 cars are given synthetic blend motor oil and 81 cars received regular motor oil to see which increased engine life. What is the associated degrees of freedom?
(Write your answer below to the nearest whole number; no decimal places)
The associated degrees of freedom is 133. It is calculated by using the formula (54-1) + (81-1). it represent the independent information available to estimate parameters or test hypotheses in statistical analysis.
In statistical analysis, degrees of freedom represent the number of independent pieces of information available to estimate a parameter or test a hypothesis. In this study, the researchers divided the cars into two groups: one group of 54 cars received synthetic blend motor oil, and the other group of 81 cars received regular motor oil.
To determine the effect of the different types of motor oil on engine life, the degrees of freedom can be calculated using the formula
(n1 - 1) + (n2 - 1),
where n1 is the number of cars in the synthetic blend motor oil group and n2 is the number of cars in the regular motor oil group.
In this case, n1 is 54 and n2 is 81. Plugging these values into the formula, we get
(54 - 1) + (81 - 1) = 53 + 80 = 133.
Therefore, the associated degrees of freedom for this study is 133.
The degrees of freedom of 133 provide a measure of the sample size and the independent information available to analyze the impact of motor oil type on engine life.
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The market-clearing price: A. is the price at which quantity demanded equals quantity supplied. B. refers to a shortage. C. refers to a surplus. D. refers to a demand curve.
The correct answer is A. The market-clearing price is the price at which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.
It represents the point of equilibrium in a market, where the forces of demand and supply are in balance. At the market-clearing price, there is neither a shortage (option B) nor a surplus (option C) of goods or services. It is determined by the intersection of the demand and supply curves in a market. Option D, "refers to a demand curve," is not correct as the market-clearing price is not specifically related to the demand curve alone, but rather the equilibrium point where demand and supply intersect.
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3. (a) Describe the procedure of measuring the depth of modulation of an amplitude modulated (AM) wave using an oscilloscope with the internal timebase switched off and sketch the displayed waveform. (6 marks)
What role do nongovernmental organizations playin emergency planning?
Answer:
they play a huge role
Explanation:
took the test
when starting an exercise program, you should start with a short duration with high intensity and gradually increase the minutes and intensity to avoid undue fatigue and exercise-related injuries. true or false?
The statement given "When starting an exercise program, you should start with a short duration with high intensity and gradually increase the minutes and intensity to avoid undue fatigue and exercise-related injuries" is false because when starting an exercise program, you should start with a low duration with low intensity and gradually increase the minutes and intensity to avoid undue fatigue and exercise-related injuries.
Gradual progression is important because it allows your body to adjust to the increased demands of the workout, preventing injuries and overuse injuries. Starting with low intensity and low duration will also help you avoid undue fatigue and make it easier to adjust to the routine's demands.
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In a countersinking operation, once the tool reaches the proper depth, what should the operator do to ensure hole concentricity and a good surface finish?
1. Back the tool in and out of the bottom of the hole several times.
2. Increase the spindle speed one and a half times the normal rate.
3. Turn off the spindle to let the hole walls cool before continuing.
4. Let the tool run a few seconds before backing out of the hole.
There are different aspect of drilling operations. What the operator have to do to ensure hole concentricity and a good surface finish is to Increase the spindle speed one and a half times the normal rate.
Countersinking is often used to produce a conical hole linking the angled shape on the bottom side of a flat-head screw.
Research has shown that surface roughness is often affected by the spindle speed and feed rate. Note that surface roughness often increases with increased in feed rate and is known also to be higher at lower speeds and vice versa..There is a required spindle speed used for countersinking operation . The lead out rule is of 1/3 the speed of a drill of the same size often work for almost all countersinking and counterboring operations.
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Question # 1
Fill in the Blank
Complete the following sentence.
Mobility refers to the ability to _____.
to move or walk freely and easly
Why optical microscopes are so named?
Answer: The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th century. Basic optical microscopes can be very simple, although many complex designs aim to improve resolution and sample contrast.
The object is placed on a stage and may be directly viewed through one or two eyepieces on the microscope. In high-power microscopes, both eyepieces typically show the same image, but with a stereo microscope, slightly different images are used to create a 3-D effect. A camera is typically used to capture the image (micrograph).
The sample can be lit in a variety of ways. Transparent objects can be lit from below and solid objects can be lit with light coming through (bright field) or around (dark field) the objective lens. Polarised light may be used to determine crystal orientation of metallic objects. Phase-contrast imaging can be used to increase image contrast by highlighting small details of differing refractive index.
A range of objective lenses with different magnification are usually provided mounted on a turret, allowing them to be rotated into place and providing an ability to zoom-in. The maximum magnification power of optical microscopes is typically limited to around 1000x because of the limited resolving power of visible light. While larger magnifications are possible no additional details of the object are resolved.
Alternatives to optical microscopy which do not use visible light include scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy and as a result, can achieve much greater magnifications.
7–2 Cooling of a Hot Block by Forced Air at High
Elevation
The local atmospheric pressure in Denver, Colorado (elevation 1610 m), is
83.4 kPa. Air at this pressure and 20°C flows with a velocity of 8 m/s over a
1.5 m 6 m flat plate whose temperature is 140°C (Fig. 7-13). Determine the
rate of heat transfer from the plate if the air flows parallel to the (a) 6-m-long
side and (b) the 1.5-m side.
A___ remote control can be an advantage to an
operator who is welding close to the power source.
•wireless
•corded
•cable technology
•none of these
Answer:
Wireless
Explanation:
A wireless remote control can be an advantage to an operator who is welding close to the power source. Hence, option A is correct.
What is wireless remote control?An electrical device used to wirelessly and remotely operate another device is a remote control, often known as a remote or clicker. Consumer gadgets, such as television sets, DVD players, and other home appliances, can be controlled by a remote control.
In the current electronic market, remote control systems fall into three primary categories: IR-based systems, RD-based systems, and BT-based systems. the receiver and the remote must be lined up exactly for infrared, also known as IR.
IR, on the other hand, is unable to pass through a number of materials but can operate over a much wider spectrum. This allows the user far greater freedom and control in environments with challenging terrain and obstacles.
Thus, option A is correct.
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What would happen if an exposed film was accidentally placed in the fixer before being placed in the developer
how do you fix this code? python
from random import randint
class Character:
def __init__(self):
self.name = ""
self.health = 1
self.health_max = 1
def do_damage(self, enemy):
damage = min(
max(randint(0, self.health) - randint(0, enemy.health), 0),
enemy.health)
enemy.health = enemy.health - damage
if damage == 0: print "%s evades %s's attack." % (enemy.name, self.name)
else: print "%s hurts %s!" % (self.name, enemy.name)
return enemy.health <= 0
The correct code that fixes this bug-filled python code is:
from random import randint
class Character:
def __init__(self):
self.name = ""
self.health = 1
self.health_max = 1
def do_damage(self, enemy):
damage = min(
max(randint(0, self.health) - randint(0, enemy.health), 0),
enemy.health)
enemy.health = enemy.health - damage
if damage == 0:
print("%s evades %s's attack." % (enemy.name, self.name))
else:
print("%s hurts %s!" % (self.name, enemy.name))
return enemy.health <= 0
class Enemy(Character):
def __init__(self, player):
Character.__init__(self)
self.name = 'a goblin'
self.health = randint(1, player.health)
class Player(Character):
def __init__(self):
Character.__init__(self)
self.state = 'normal'
self.health = 10
self.health_max = 10
def quit(self):
print(
"%s can't find the way back home, and dies of starvation.\nR.I.P." % self.name)
self.health = 0
def help(self): print(Commands.keys())
def status(self): print("%s's health: %d/%d" %
(self.name, self.health, self.health_max))
def tired(self):
print("%s feels tired." % self.name)
self.health = max(1, self.health - 1)
def rest(self):
if self.state != 'normal':
print("%s can't rest now!" % self.name)
self.enemy_attacks()
else:
print("%s rests." % self.name)
if randint(0, 1):
self.enemy = Enemy(self)
print("%s is rudely awakened by %s!" %
(self.name, self.enemy.name))
self.state = 'fight'
self.enemy_attacks()
else:
if self.health < self.health_max:
self.health = self.health + 1
else:
print("%s slept too much." % self.name)
self.health = self.health - 1
def explore(self):
if self.state != 'normal':
print("%s is too busy right now!" % self.name)
self.enemy_attacks()
else:
print("%s explores a twisty passage." % self.name)
if randint(0, 1):
self.enemy = Enemy(self)
print("%s encounters %s!" % (self.name, self.enemy.name))
self.state = 'fight'
else:
if randint(0, 1):
self.tired()
def flee(self):
if self.state != 'fight':
print("%s runs in circles for a while." % self.name)
self.tired()
else:
if randint(1, self.health + 5) > randint(1, self.enemy.health):
print("%s flees from %s." % (self.name, self.enemy.name))
self.enemy = None
self.state = 'normal'
else:
print("%s couldn't escape from %s!" %
(self.name, self.enemy.name))
self.enemy_attacks()
def attack(self):
if self.state != 'fight':
print("%s swats the air, without notable results." % self.name)
self.tired()
else:
if self.do_damage(self.enemy):
print("%s executes %s!" % (self.name, self.enemy.name))
self.enemy = None
self.state = 'normal'
if randint(0, self.health) < 10:
self.health = self.health + 1
self.health_max = self.health_max + 1
print("%s feels stronger!" % self.name)
else:
self.enemy_attacks()
def enemy_attacks(self):
if self.enemy.do_damage(self):
print("%s was slaughtered by %s!!!\nR.I.P." %
(self.name, self.enemy.name))
Commands = {
'quit': Player.quit,
'help': Player.help,
'status': Player.status,
'rest': Player.rest,
'explore': Player.explore,
'flee': Player.flee,
'attack': Player.attack,
}
p = Player()
p.name = input("What is your character's name? ")
print("(type help to get a list of actions)\n")
print("%s enters a dark cave, searching for adventure." % p.name)
while(p.health > 0):
line = input("> ")
args = line.split()
if len(args) > 0:
commandFound = False
for c in Commands.keys():
if args[0] == c[:len(args[0])]:
Commands[c](p)
commandFound = True
break
if not commandFound:
print("%s doesn't understand the suggestion." % p.name)
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are there any companies that you can get a job at as an air craft engeer after university
Explanation:
most big airports. my father has the same degree and works for southwest airlines
How do you find something in a string C++?
String find is used to locate the first instance of a sub-string within the called-for given string. From the specified starting location, it returns the index of the first instance of the substring in the string.
What is string C++?Support for managing strings is available in the C++ programming language, largely through the standard library. The language standard defines a number of string types, some of which are derived from C and others of which are created to take advantage of the features of the language, such classes and RAII. Of these, std::string is the most popular. Since the "low-level" C string handling functionality and conventions were the only ones available in early versions of C++, numerous incompatible designs for string handling classes have been created over time and are still in use instead of std::string. As a result, C++ programmers may need to handle multiple conventions in a single application. The implementation of a string type using C++ classes has the advantages of automated memory management and a lower danger of out-of-bounds accesses.
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Pre-Lab Assignment Consider the following transformer circuit assuming an ideal transformer. In this circuit the signal generator will provide a 10-Volt peak-to-peak sinusoidal signal at a frequency of1. 0kHz. Assume that L1 =0. 65H,L2 =0. 00492H(=4. 92mH) and that the coupling constant =0. 99925. 1) Find the following using the theory presented in the prelab reading: a) Start with Equations (2) of the prelab reading and show that the input impedance to an ideal transformer is given by the equation for Z1 (=V1/I1) in Equations (4) of the prelab reading. Equations (2) are:V1 =jωL 1I 1+jωMI2 and V2 =jωMI1+jωL2I2The equation for the input impedance is: Z1=l1V1=jωL1+jωL2+ZL(ωM)2
V1 = jωL1I1 + jωMI2 V2 = jωMI1 + jωL2I2 of the prelab reading and show that the input impedance to an ideal transformer is given by the equation for Z1 (=V1/I1) in Equations.
We can solve for I1 and I2 in terms of V1 and V2 using the equations above I1 = (V1 - jωMI2)/jωL1 I2 = (V2 - jωMI1)/jωL2 Substituting these expressions for I1 and I2 into the input impedance equation (Z1 = V1/I1), we get: Z1 = V1/[(V1 - jωMI2)/jωL1] Simplifying the expression, we get: Z1 = jωL1/(1 - jωM(L1+L2)) Multiplying the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate of the denominator, we get: Z1 = jωL1/(1 - jωM(L1+L2)) * (1 + jωM(L1+L2))/(1 + jωM(L1+L2)) Simplifying the expression, we get: Z1 = jωL1(1 + jωM(L1+L2))/[(1 - jωM(L1+L2))(1 + jωM(L1+L2))] Z1 = jωL1(1 + jωM(L1+L2))/(1 + ω^2M^2(L1+L2)^2) Finally, using the definition of the coupling constant (k = M/sqrt(L1L2)), we can rewrite the expression as Z1 = jωL1/(1 - jk^2ω^2L1L2) which is the same as the equation for Z1 in Equations (4) of the prelab reading.
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this is a mobility synthesis problem. the goal of the mobiltity synthesis is to design the type/topology of a linkage for specified mobility (dof). show the equations used to determine the answers and submit your complete work in the written part.
Mobility synthesis involves finding the appropriate linkage type and topology for a given degree of freedom (DOF). The specific equations used depend on the desired DOF.
How to explain the mobilitySome common methods include:
Four-bar linkage: This is used for creating planar motion with 1 DOF, such as a crank-slider mechanism. The input and output velocities can be determined using the law of cosines.
Six-bar linkage: This is used for creating planar motion with 2 DOFs, such as a double crank mechanism. The input and output velocities can be determined using the law of cosines and the law of sines.
Eight-bar linkage: This is used for creating planar motion with 3 DOFs. The input and output velocities can be determined using the law of cosines, the law of sines, and vector loop equations.
Stewart-Gough platform: This is used for creating spatial motion with 6 DOFs. The input and output velocities can be determined using the screw theory.
It is important to note that for each linkage type, the specific equations and calculations required will depend on the design specifications and constraints.
In order to complete this mobility synthesis problem, you should determine the desired DOF, choose an appropriate linkage type, and perform the necessary calculations and analysis to determine the linkage topology that satisfies the requirements.
An overview was given based on the incomplete information.
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Using the Verde Valley Fire Station No. 32 plans provide, determine the quantities and costs for the following. You are required to use On-Screen Takeoff. ⢠The Built-Up Roof ⢠All 1-1/2" Rigid Insulation ⢠All R-type Batt Insulation ⢠All Cants ⢠All parapet wall cap flashing
The given paragraph explains that On-Screen Takeoff is a software program used in construction for taking measurements and performing material takeoffs from digital blueprints.
What is On-Screen Takeoff?The given task requires using On-Screen Takeoff to determine the quantities and costs for several components of the Verde Valley Fire Station No. 32 plans.
Specifically, the task involves calculating the quantities and costs for the Built-Up Roof, all 1-1/2" Rigid Insulation, all R-type Batt Insulation, all Cants, and all parapet wall cap flashing.
On-Screen Takeoff is a software program that enables construction professionals to take measurements and perform material takeoffs from digital blueprints.
Using this software, the user can measure and calculate the required quantities and costs for each component in a project, and generate detailed reports for pricing and ordering materials.
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this is it dont anwser this is for my other account
Answer:
thanks for the poiunts
Explanation:
(HVAC) PLEASE HELP neeed helpp
A laissez-faire leadership style works best for what type of group?
Disciplined
Disorganized
Uncooperative
Intelligent
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Seth wants to build a wall of bricks. Which equipment will help him in the process?
OA masonry pump
OB. hacksaw
OC. mortar mixer
OD. pressurized cleaning equipment
An aggregate blend consists of 65% of aggregate A and 35% of aggregate B. The bulk specific gravities of aggregate A and B are 2.45 and 3.25, respectively. What is the bulk specific gravity of the blend?
a) 2.45
b) 2.68
c) 2.73
d) 2.92
Answer:
2.68
Explanation:
Percentage by Mass of each Aggregate :
Pa = 65% ; Pb = 35%;
Bulk Specific gravity of each aggregate :
Ga = 2.45 ; Gb = 3.25
Gsb = (Pa + Pb) / (Pa/Ga + Pb/Gb)
Gsb = (65 + 35) / (65/2.45 + 35/3.25)
Gsb = (65 + 35) / 37.299843
Gsb = 100 / 37.299843
Gsb = 2.68
A 75-hp, 850 r/min, 500-V series motor has an efficiency of 90.2 percent
when operating at rated conditions. The series field has 30 turns/pole, and
the motor parameters are:
Armature
0.1414 ohms
IP + CW
0.0412 ohms
Series
0.0189 ohms
Resistance,
The motor has a maximum safe speed of 1700 r/min. Is it safe to operate the
motor with a 10-hp shaft load? Use the magnetization curve in Figure
11.16, and show all work. Neglect changes in windage and friction
It is not safe to operate the motor with a 10-hp shaft load.
Explanation :
Solution-
First, determine the rated speed and current of the motor:
Rated speed = 850 r/min
Rated current = 500 V / (0.1414 ohms + 0.0412 ohms + 0.0189 ohms) = 30.22 A
Next, determine the speed and current for a 10-hp shaft load:
Speed = 1700 r/min
Current = 10 hp / (75 hp * 0.902) = 0.1343 A
Finally, determine whether it is safe to operate the motor with the 10-hp shaft load using the magnetization curve. we can see that the current at 1700 r/min is 0.1264 A, which is less than the current for the 10-hp shaft load (0.1343 A).
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8. If you push a 2000 N weight up a ramp with 400 N of force and you raise the weight 1 meter,
how long is the ramp?
A) 3 m
B) 5 m
C) 10 m
D) 20 m
The screw of shaft straightener exerts a load of 30 as shown in Figure . The screw is square threaded of outside diameter 75 mm and 6 mm pitch.
force required at the rim of a 300mm diameter hand wheel, if there is a collar
bearing of 50 mm mean diameter provided in the arrangement to exert axial
load. Assume the coefficient of friction for the collar as 0.2.
Answer:
See calculation below
Explanation:
Given:
W = 30 kN = 30x10³ N
d = 75 mm
p = 6 mm
D = 300 mm
μ = tan Φ = 0.2
1. Force required at the rim of handwheel
Let P₁ = Force required at the rim of handwheel
Inner diameter or core diameter of the screw = dc = do - p = 75 - 6 = 69 mm
Mean diameter of screw: *d = \(\frac{do + dc}{2}\) = (75 + 69) / 2 = 72 mm
and
tan α = p / πd = 6 / (π x 72) = 0.0265
∴ Torque required to overcome friction at he threads is T = P x d/2
T = W tan (α + Ф) d/2
T = \(W(\frac{tan \alpha + tan \theta}{1 - tan \alpha + tan \theta } ) * \frac{d}{2}\)
T = 30x10³ * ((0.0265 + 0.2) / (1 - 0.0265 x 0.2)) x 72/2
T = 245,400 N-mm
We know that the torque required at the rim of handwheel (T)
245,400 = P1 x D/2 = P1 x (300/2) = 150 P1
P1 = 245,400 / 150
P1 = 1636 N
2. Maximum compressive stress in the screw
30x10³
Qc = W / Ac = -------------- = 8.02 N/mm²
π/4 * 69²
Qc = 8.02 MPa
Bearing pressure on the threads (we know that number of threads in contact with the nut)
n = height of nut / pitch of threads = 150 / 6 = 25 threads
thickness of threads, t = p/2 = 6/2 = 3 mm
bearing pressure on the threads = Pb = W / (π d t n)
Pb = 30 x 10³ / (π * 72 * 3 * 25)
Pb = 1.77 N/mm²
Max shear stress on the threads = τ = 16 T / (π dc³)
τ = (16 * 245,400) / ( π * 69³ )
τ = 3.8 M/mm²
*the mean dia of the screw (d) = d = do - p/2 = 75 - 6/2 = 72
∴max shear stress in the threads τmax = 1/2 * sqrt(8.02² + (4 * 3.8²))
τmax = 5.5 Mpa
3. efficiency of the straightener
To = W tan α x d/2 = 30x10³ * 0.0265 * 72/2 = 28,620 N-mm
∴Efficiency of the straightener is η = To / T = 28,620 / 245,400
η = 0.116 or 11.6%
By assuming the coefficient of friction for the collar as 0.2. efficiency of straightner is 11.6%.
What is Wheel?Wheels are circular frames or disks that are mounted on machines or vehicles and are designed to rotate around an axis.
Given:
W = 30 kN = 30x10³ N
d = 75 mm
p = 6 mm
D = 300 mm
μ = tan Φ = 0.2
1. Force required at the rim of handwheel :
Let P₁ = Force required at the rim of handwheel
Inner diameter or core diameter of the screw = dc = do - p = 75 - 6 = 69 mm
Mean diameter of screw: *d = = (75 + 69) / 2 = 72 mm and
tan α = p / πd = 6 / (π x 72) = 0.0265
Torque required to overcome friction at he threads is T = P x d/2
T = W tan (α + Ф) d/2
T = 30x10³ * ((0.0265 + 0.2) / (1 - 0.0265 x 0.2)) x 72/2
T = 245,400 N-mm
We know that the torque required at the rim of handwheel (T)
245,400 = P1 x D/2 = P1 x (300/2) = 150 P1
P1 = 245,400 / 150
P1 = 1636 N
2. Maximum compressive stress in the screw :
30x10³
Qc = W / Ac = -------------- = 8.02 N/mm²
π/4 * 69²
Qc = 8.02 MPa
Bearing pressure on the threads (we know that number of threads in contact with the nut)
n = height of nut / pitch of threads = 150 / 6 = 25 threads
thickness of threads, t = p/2 = 6/2 = 3 mm
bearing pressure on the threads = Pb = W / (π d t n)
Pb = 30 x 10³ / (π * 72 * 3 * 25)
Pb = 1.77 N/mm²
Max shear stress on the threads = τ = 16 T / (π dc³)
τ = (16 * 245,400) / ( π * 69³ )
τ = 3.8 M/mm²
*the mean dia of the screw (d) = d = do - p/2 = 75 - 6/2 = 72
max shear stress in the threads τmax = 1/2 * sqrt(8.02² + (4 * 3.8²))
τmax = 5.5 Mpa
Therefore, efficiency of the straightener :
To = W tan α x d/2 = 30x10³ * 0.0265 * 72/2 = 28,620 N-mm
Efficiency of the straightener is η = To / T = 28,620 / 245,400
η = 0.116 or 11.6%
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