Based on the endosymbiotic theory, which explanation is supported by evidence for how eukaryotes evolved?



*Engulfed means ‘to eat’





Question options:



A: Prokaryotic organisms engulfed* a virus and developed a symbiotic relationship which led to the evolution of organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.




B: Organelles engulfed* a prokaryote and developed a symbiotic relationship which led to the evolution of organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.




C: Prokaryotic organisms engulfed* a eukaryote and developed a symbiotic relationship which led to the evolution of organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.




D: Prokaryotic organisms engulfed* another prokaryote and developed a symbiotic relationship which led to the evolution of organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts

So the correct option c). T lymphocytes, also known as T cells, do not directly differentiate into plasma cells to produce antibodies. That role is primarily carried out by B lymphocytes (B cells).

T cells, also known as T lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell that plays a central role in the immune system. They are a key component of adaptive immunity, which is the immune response that specifically targets pathogens or abnormal cells. T cells are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. They are responsible for recognizing and destroying infected cells, cancer cells, and foreign substances, as well as regulating immune responses. T cells also have subtypes, including helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and memory T cells, each with specific functions in immune defense.

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Explanation:

True

plz mark my answer as brainlist.

Answer:

The answer would be B.

Explanation:

Carotenoids and Vitamin A both require fat in order to be absorbed in the digestive system.

vitamin A and carotenoids :

vitamin A and carotenoids are Fat-soluble micronutrients and they both require fat for the digestion .They are assumed to follow the fate of lipids in the upper gastrointestinal tract , and their absorption presumably occurs in the upper half of the small intestine.

Carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins are integrated with other lipids into the mixed micelles during digestion, which is likely necessary for the enterocyte to absorb them. Phospholipids, cholesterol, lipid digestion byproducts (including free fatty acids, monoacylglycerols, and lysophospholipids), and bile salts are all components of mixed micelles.

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report you :v

dddddddddddddddd

Answer:

google names of animals & use that lol

Explanation:

use google

Organizing the segments of DNA in a specific way to mimic the DNA sequencing technique is known as shotgun sequencing.

DNA barcoding is a genetic technique used to identify organisms through their DNA. This technique enables scientists to recognize species in the same way that a barcode identifies a product at a store. DNA barcoding is an alternative to traditional taxonomy that is faster and more precise. It works by identifying a short genetic marker or sequence, usually from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene in animals.

The organization of the DNA segments mimics the DNA barcoding technique by classifying sequences according to similarities and differences in their barcodes. These similarities and differences assist in determining the species of origin of each sample.

This method has proved useful for researchers in various fields, including taxonomy, ecology, and forensic science. DNA barcoding also enables researchers to examine biodiversity and genetic variation within and between species, as well as to identify endangered species and monitor the effects of climate change, disease, and other environmental stressors.

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Prokaryotic organisms are unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They are found in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.

There are many components present in prokaryotic organisms. Some of them are discussed below:

Cell wall: This is a tough, protective layer that surrounds the cell membrane in bacteria and archaea. The cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan in bacteria and other materials in archaea.

Flagella: It is a whip-like structure that is used by many prokaryotic cells to move. The flagellum rotates like a propeller, allowing the cell to swim through liquid environments.

Pili or fimbriae: These are short, hair-like structures that extend from the surface of many prokaryotic cells. They are used for attachment to surfaces or other cells.

Capsule: It is a protective layer that surrounds the cell wall of some prokaryotic cells. The capsule is made up of a gel-like material that helps the cell to avoid being engulfed by immune cells such as macrophages.

Ribosomes: They are the site of protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells. Ribosomes are made up of two subunits that come together to form a functional ribosome.In conclusion, components that are present in prokaryotic organisms are cell wall, flagella, pili or fimbriae, capsule, and ribosomes.

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a. phosphofructokinase (protein): exclusively in cytoplasm

b. Protein insulin: ER- Golgi- external cell

1. The enzyme phosphofructokinase works in the cytoplasm during glycolysis.

2. Specialized pancreatic cells secrete insulin, a molecule that controls blood sugar levels.

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a. Endangered Species: African Elephant: The African elephant is a majestic species that is facing extinction due to various factors. Approximately 415,000 African elephants remain in the wild, with their population declining by 60% over the last 75 years.

b. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the African elephant is classified as vulnerable, and it is estimated that if current trends continue, they could be extinct within the next few decades.

The major cause of their future demise is the illegal wildlife trade, particularly the demand for ivory. Poaching for ivory has led to the killing of tens of thousands of elephants each year, resulting in severe population declines in many African countries. In addition to poaching, habitat loss and fragmentation, human-wildlife conflict, and climate change also pose significant threats to African elephants.

To help African elephants, several conservation efforts are underway. These include anti-poaching measures, habitat restoration, and community-based conservation programs. In addition, many countries have banned the trade in ivory, although enforcement of these laws can be challenging.

Vulnerable Species: Snow Leopard: The snow leopard is a vulnerable species that is found in the high-altitude mountain ranges of Central and South Asia. Approximately 4,000 to 6,500 snow leopards remain in the wild, with their population declining by 20% over the last three decades. According to the IUCN, the snow leopard is classified as vulnerable due to habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching, and retaliatory killings by herders.

The major cause of their decline is habitat loss and fragmentation due to human activities such as mining, agriculture, and infrastructure development. In addition, poaching for their pelts and body parts is also a significant threat to snow leopards. Retaliatory killings by herders who lose their livestock to snow leopards are also a major cause of their decline.

To help snow leopards, several conservation efforts are underway. These include habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures, and community-based conservation programs. In addition, the Snow Leopard Trust and other organizations are working to educate local communities about the importance of snow leopards and to promote sustainable development practices that minimize negative impacts on snow leopard habitat.

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Answer:

I CANT SEE THE FOLLOWING BUT I WILL EXPLAIN.

Explanation:

Plants usually absorb nitrogen from NO3- and NH4+

Nitrogen oxides released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels and organic matter is not a source of nitrogen which is available to plants. Thus, the correct option is D.

Plants require nitrogen as it is a macronutrient. The deficiency of this nutrient can cause many diseases. However, plants cannot themselves obtain the nitrogen from air but they rely mainly on the supply of combined nitrogen atom in the form of ammonia molecule, or nitrate molecule, resulting from the nitrogen fixation through free-living bacteria in the soil or the bacteria living symbiotically in the nodules on roots of legumes.

Plants can take nitrogen through absorbing the soil by their roots. Plants cannot get this nitrogen directly from the air. Although, the nitrogen element is abundantly available in air. Nitrogen is unreactive atom, and it cannot be used by the green plants to make proteins. Nitrogen gas needs to be converted into nitrate compounds in the soil through nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil, root nodules or lightning. Every nitrogen atom is triple-bonded to another nitrogen atom to form the molecular nitrogen, N₂.

Therefore, the correct option is D.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question:

Which of the following is NOT a source of nitrogen that is available to plants?

A - Decaying plant matter

B - Animal waste products

C - Synthetic nitrogen containing fertilizers

D - Nitrogen oxides released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels and organic matter

Answer:

cell wall, vacuole and chloroplast.

Explanation:

Answer:

vacuole, chloroplast and a cell wall

Explanation:

hope it helps :)

The true statement about DNA and RNA are DNA contains the nucleotides ATCG while RNA contains the nucleotides AUCG, DNA is double-stranded while RNA is single-stranded, and DNA contains the sugar ribose while RNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, options A, C & D are correct.

DNA contains the nucleotides ATCG (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine), while RNA contains the nucleotides AUCG (adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine). The only difference is that DNA uses thymine, while RNA uses uracil.

DNA is double-stranded, meaning it consists of two complementary strands that are held together by hydrogen bonds between their nucleotide bases. In contrast, RNA is single-stranded, consisting of a single strand of nucleotides. DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, which lacks an oxygen atom at the 2' position, while RNA contains the sugar ribose, which has an additional oxygen atom at the 2' position, options A, C & D are correct.

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The correct question is:

Which of the following are true about DNA and RNA (select all that apply)?

A. DNA contains the nucleotides ATCG while RNA contains the nucleotides AUCG

B. DNA is a much larger molecule than RNA

C. DNA is double-stranded while RNA is single-stranded

D. DNA contains the sugar ribose while RNA contains the sugar deoxyribose

The human DNA analyze is usually conclusive evidence about a crime, since each individual has their unique genetic code. Fritz results were inconclusive, therefore the sample did not showed a result corresponding to the one on the crime scene. In this case Fritz is not guilty of shoplifting.

Answer:

the population of penguins and krill will go up

We have 20 babies. 10 have blue eyes, which means their genotype is -bb-, while 10 have brown eyes, which means their genotype is either -BB/Bb-. So, according to the data half of the babies have blue eyes, while the other half has brown eyes. This means 50% for each condition: 50% has blue eyes, 50% has brown eyes.

Answer:

Carrying signals from the brain: The spinal cord receives signals from the brain that control movement and autonomic functions. Carrying information to the brain: The spinal cord nerves also transmit messages to the brain from the body, such as sensations of touch, pressure, and pain.

False. The structure that allows equalization of the pressure in the middle ear with that outside the body is the Eustachian tube. The external auditory meatus, also known as the ear canal, is a passage that leads to the middle ear. It is responsible for transmitting sound waves from the outer ear to the eardrum. However, it does not play a role in equalizing pressure in the middle ear. The Eustachian tube, on the other hand, is a small tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the throat. It helps regulate pressure in the middle ear by opening and closing to allow air to enter or exit the middle ear. This process is important for maintaining optimal hearing and preventing discomfort or pain in the ears due to changes in air pressure.
b. False

The structure that allows equalization of pressure in the middle ear with that outside the body is not the external auditory meatus, but rather the Eustachian tube (also known as the auditory tube or pharyngotympanic tube). The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx, which is the upper part of the throat behind the nose. This tube helps to maintain equal air pressure on both sides of the eardrum, which is crucial for normal hearing and preventing damage to the ear. The external auditory meatus, on the other hand, is the outer portion of the ear canal that leads from the outer ear to the eardrum. While it does play a role in conducting sound to the eardrum, it is not involved in pressure equalization.

Answer:

1 and 11

Explanation:

The five abiotic factors are sunlight, temperature, water, oxygen, and soil.

Plants represent biotic factors.

"A biotic factor is a living organism that shapes its environment. Example: plants, animals, microorganisms."

"An abiotic factor is a non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment. Example: sunlight, air, soil, water, etc."

The basic components of the environment are

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A radioactive decay causes an unstable atomic nucleus to loose its energy by undergoing a transformation into one or more different atomic nuclei.

A radioactive decay can be defined as a radioactive process in which an unstable atomic nucleus undergoes a spontaneous transformation into one or more different atomic nuclei and simultaneously emits radiation, accompanied with a loss of energy.

In Science, there are three main types of radioactive decay and these include the following:

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The types of bloodstains and spatter patterns are classified as follows:

Bloodstains and spatter patterns can be classified into several categories based on their characteristics and appearance. Here are some common types:

Passive Bloodstains: These are bloodstains that are created by the force of gravity acting on blood, which is stationary or moving slowly. Examples include drops, drips, and flows.

Transfer Bloodstains: These are bloodstains that are created when an object with blood on it comes into contact with a surface. Examples include smears, swipes, and patterns left by shoes or clothing.

Projected Bloodstains: These are bloodstains that are created by a force acting on a blood source, such as when blood is ejected from an injury. Examples include spatters, spurts, and splashes.

Arterial Spurting: This is a specific type of projected bloodstain that is caused by blood being ejected from an artery under pressure.

Cast-Off Stains: These are bloodstains that are created when blood is flung off an object or weapon during a swinging or stabbing motion. They can provide important information about the sequence of events in a violent crime.

Impact Spatter: This is a type of projected bloodstain that is created when a force impacts a blood source, causing the blood to be dispersed in a fine mist or spray.

Expirated Bloodstains: These are bloodstains that are created when blood is expelled from the mouth or nose due to breathing or coughing. They can be used to determine the position of the victim or suspect at the time of the incident.

Void Patterns: These are areas where blood is missing due to an object or body part blocking the path of the blood. They can provide important information about the location and movement of the victim or suspect.

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Some examples of plants and animals domesticated by early people include the wolf (a), which was domesticated to become the dog (b), and the boar (d). The zebra was not successfully domesticated by early people.

Domestication is the process of altering a population of animals and plants to make them more advantageous to humans for the intended purpose. Early peoples were natural hunters and gatherers who had to rely on hunting animals and gathering fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds for survival. Humans gradually began to domesticate animals and plants as their population grew and their needs and desires became more complex.

As a result of domestication, animals became more gentle and more responsive to human instruction. Cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens, and other animals were domesticated by humans. The wolf was initially domesticated by humans and became the dog. As a result of domestication, crops also became more abundant, dependable, and nutritious. Wheat, barley, peas, beans, olives, grapes, and a variety of fruits and vegetables are just a few examples of crops that have been domesticated.

Therefore, options (a), (b) and (d) are correct.

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1. Correct option is A, One plant growing on the floor of the tropical rain forest and the deciduous forest would be Moss.

2. The biomes with the highest diversity of organisms is Tropical rainforest.

3. Correct option is D, All of the above are a threat to the forest biomes.

4. Correct option is A, Shallow roots would not be adaptations you would find in some plants in the tropical rain forest biome.

Another word for a specific kind of environment is a biome. The specific plants that grow there are determined by the climate, which is a characteristic of biomes. What animals reside in a biome depends on its climate and vegetation. This page discusses the tropical rainforest, one of the planet's most diverse and recognizable biomes, and its climate and biodiversity.

The term "rainforest" suggests that these are among of the wettest environments on earth. Jungles often see relatively high annual rainfall, though the precise quantity varies between years and rainforests. For instance, the tropical rainforests of South America typically receive between 200 and 300 centimeters (80 and 120 inches, or 6.5 to 10 feet!) of precipitation each year.

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First one is chlorophyll, second one is mitochondria.

The forest cannot be in a climax stage, because the presence of small, dense patches of early-succession plant species and the absence of the most abundant understory tree species in the forest canopy indicate that the forest is not in a stable, mature state.

The presence of small, dense patches of early-succession plant species suggests that the forest is still in the process of recovering from a disturbance, such as a fire or logging, and is not yet in a stable, mature state. The absence of the most abundant understory tree species in the forest canopy also indicates that the forest is not in a climax stage, as these species would typically be present in a mature forest. Additionally, a climax forest is typically characterized by a relatively stable community structure, with a diverse mix of species occupying different niches. Therefore, based on the observed characteristics, it is unlikely that the forest is in a climax stage.

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The primary factor affecting wind speed is the pressure gradient between high and low pressure locations.

What affects the wind's velocity?

The difference in pressure between high- and low-pressure zones is known as a pressure gradient.

The pressure gradient and wind speed are intimately correlated, so as the pressure gradient (i.e., change in pressure) grows, the wind speed at that place also increases.

What influences wind speed the most?

Because the sun heats the Earth differently in different regions, creating pressure differences, wind is a result of a horizontal variation in air pressure, therefore the sun is the primary source of most winds.

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Answer:

They interact by the upper mantle transferring energy by conduction to the core  assisting in the softening of the rock layer which leads to radiation.

Explanation:

The sentence "the population growth rate is not limited by any external factors" best describes exponential population growth.

When a population expands at a constant rate per person without any external constraints on this growth, it is said to be experiencing exponential growth. In other words, the population expands exponentially while each person reproduces at a constant pace, resulting in a sharp rise in population size over time.

Exponential population expansion is not adequately described in the other sentences. Even while a population's death rate may drop during exponential growth, this is not a defining feature of exponential growth. This sentence is unlikely to describe exponential growth because fierce competition for food would normally limit population growth. Finally, density-dependent population growth, which differs from exponential growth, is characterized by the adage that "each person reproduces more when the population density is low."

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The rate at which thermal energy is absorbed by the water, sand, and air during the day will be as follows:

Water has a higher specific heat capacity than sand or air, which means that it takes more energy to raise the temperature of water than it does to raise the temperature of sand or air. Therefore, water will absorb thermal energy more slowly than sand or air.

In addition, water is a good conductor of heat, which means that heat is transferred through water more easily than it is through sand or air. This means that the heat from the sun will be distributed more evenly throughout the water, which will help to prevent the water from getting too hot.

Sand, on the other hand, is a poor conductor of heat. This means that the heat from the sun will be absorbed by the surface of the sand, and the heat will not be transferred to the deeper layers of sand. This will cause the surface of the sand to get very hot, while the deeper layers of sand will remain relatively cool.

Air is also a poor conductor of heat. However, air is constantly moving, which helps to distribute the heat from the sun more evenly. This means that the temperature of the air will not vary as much as the temperature of the sand or water.

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They are haploid because they result from meiosis