at what light intensity do you expect to be no net productivity

Answer:

An inhibitory stimulus hyperpolarizes a neuron, which means it makes the membrane potential more negative.

When an inhibitory stimulus is applied to a neuron, it opens ion channels that allow negatively charged ions (e.g. chloride ions) to enter the cell or positively charged ions (e.g. potassium ions) to leave the cell. This movement of ions makes the inside of the neuron more negative relative to the outside, which increases the membrane potential and makes it more difficult for the neuron to generate an action potential.

In contrast, a depolarizing stimulus makes the membrane potential more positive and makes it easier for the neuron to generate an action potential. This can occur when excitatory signals from other neurons cause positively charged ions (e.g. sodium ions) to enter the neuron and make the inside of the cell more positive.

So, inhibitory and depolarizing stimuli have opposite effects on the membrane potential of a neuron.

Answer:climate change I believe cause of global warming it’s melting all the permafr0st slowly and it will take time but it’s one day gonna be all gone

Explanation:

hope this helps have a nice day

Answer:

they hide inside trees

The scenario described provides evidence for option D: Environmental change can impact the quality of life for living organisms.

The passage explains how acid precipitation, commonly known as acid rain, can dissolve aluminum from soil. This dissolved aluminum can then flow into lakes, resulting in contamination of the water.

High concentrations of aluminum in lakes can be fatal to many forms of aquatic life. This evidence supports the concept that environmental change can have a detrimental impact on living organisms.

Option A is incorrect because the passage does not suggest that environmental change always has a negative impact on organisms. While the scenario highlights a negative consequence of acid rain on aquatic life, it does not generalize this impact to all environmental changes.

Option B is also incorrect because the passage does not claim that acid rain is the most important environmental problem to address. It solely focuses on the specific issue of aluminum contamination in lakes due to acid rain.

Option C is incorrect because the passage does not state that acid rain is the leading cause of death to fish in lakes. It highlights the detrimental effect of high aluminum concentrations, but it does not compare it to other potential causes of fish death in lakes.

Therefore, the most appropriate concept supported by the scenario is option D, which acknowledges that environmental change can impact the quality of life for living organisms based on the example of aluminum contamination in lakes due to acid precipitation.

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Voltage-gated Na+ channels do not contribute towards establishing the resting potential of a neuron. Hence the correct option is D.

The resting potential of a neuron refers to its stable, negative charge relative to the outside environment when it is not actively transmitting signals. Several factors contribute to establishing and maintaining this resting potential.

The Na+/K+ pump: The Na+/K+ pump is an active transport mechanism that helps maintain the resting potential by pumping out three sodium ions (Na+) for every two potassium ions (K+) it pumps in. This process helps establish the concentration gradients of these ions across the neuronal membrane.

Passive K+ channels: Passive or leak potassium (K+) channels play a significant role in establishing the resting potential. These channels allow the passive movement of K+ ions out of the neuron, as K+ ions are more concentrated inside the cell. This movement of positively charged ions leads to the inside of the neuron becoming more negative, contributing to the resting potential.

Hence the correct option is D.

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Answer:

tropical rainforest

Explanation:

Histamine causes increased gastric secretion, dilation of capillaries, and contraction of bronchial smooth muscle.

Histamine is an organic nitrogen compound involved in local immune responses, regulates intestinal physiology, and functions as a neurotransmitter in the brain, spinal cord, and uterus. Histamine is an important chemical that plays a role in many different bodily processes. It stimulates gastric acid secretion, participates in inflammation, dilates blood vessels, affects muscle contraction in the intestines and lungs, and affects heart rate. Increased body temperature activates mast cells in the skin and muscles, releasing histamine.

In people with histamine intolerance, high histamine levels can cause symptoms of histamine intolerance that resemble allergic reactions. Think hives, rashes, itching, and congestion.

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The oxygen cycle involves the movement of oxygen through the atmosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere, while the water cycle involves the movement of water through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

Both cycles involve the movement of matter through various components of the Earth's environment, are vital to the survival of living organisms, by the energy of the sun, involve the transformation of matter from one state to another, and influenced by human activities, such as deforestation and pollution.

The oxygen cycle is largely driven by photosynthesis, while the water cycle is driven by evaporation and precipitation. Oxygen is produced by plants during photosynthesis, while water is not produced by any living organism. The oxygen cycle does not involve a significant change in the chemical composition of the element, while the water cycle involves the transformation of water from one chemical form to another. The oxygen cycle is relatively fast, with oxygen molecules constantly cycling through the environment, while the water cycle is slower and can take years for water molecules to complete a full cycle.

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Cleaning is the first step in sanitizing stationary equipment. It should be done using warm water and soap. Make sure to remove all visible dirt and debris.

To sanitize stationary equipment, there are several steps to follow. These steps ensure that all surfaces are cleaned and free of harmful bacteria. The first step is cleaning, which involves removing visible dirt and debris. Here is how to clean stationary equipment:

1. Prepare cleaning solution: Mix warm water and soap in a bucket. Use a mild detergent that won't damage the equipment.

2. Remove debris: Use a scrub brush or cloth to remove any visible dirt or debris from the surface of the equipment.

3. Rinse: Rinse the equipment thoroughly with clean water. Make sure to remove all soap residue.

4. Dry: Use a clean towel to dry the equipment.

After the equipment has been cleaned, it can be sanitized using an appropriate sanitizer. This will kill any remaining bacteria and ensure that the equipment is safe to use. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions when using a sanitizer to ensure that it is used correctly.

Sanitizing stationary equipment is important to ensure the safety of users and prevent the spread of harmful bacteria. The first step in sanitizing stationary equipment is cleaning.

This involves removing visible dirt and debris from the surface of the equipment. To clean stationary equipment, prepare a cleaning solution by mixing warm water and soap in a bucket. Use a mild detergent that won't damage the equipment.

Next, use a scrub brush or cloth to remove any visible dirt or debris from the surface of the equipment. Rinse the equipment thoroughly with clean water to remove all soap residue.

Finally, use a clean towel to dry the equipment. Once the equipment has been cleaned, it can be sanitized using an appropriate sanitizer. This will kill any remaining bacteria and ensure that the equipment is safe to use. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions when using a sanitizer to ensure that it is used correctly.

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The presence of a top predator also helps to maintain balance in an ecosystem by influencing the behaviour and movements of its prey through the fear of being caught.

trophic cascade, an ecological phenomenon triggered by the addition or removal of top predators and involving reciprocal changes in the relative populations of predator and prey through a food chain

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Answer:

How do insects become resistant to pesticide? ... Upon exposure to insecticides, insects that do not carry the resistance genes die, thus allowing the individuals with the resistance genes to survive and reproduce, creating more resistant insects. With every generation the number of resistant insects increase.

AlimentaryAlimentary  canal is a tract of digestive system consist mouth, pharynx , oesophagus, stomach , small intestine,large intestine, rectum and anus .

It plays a primary role in human digestion . It converts the food into the form to absorb and pass to them on the other organ of the body.   It includes the mixing , transport , digest, absorb and excrete the food .  

The alimentary canal is long tube of organs makes a pathway for food to travel through the body .It runs from the mouth to the anus .

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Of the given options, people who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), type 2 diabetes, and megaloblastic anemia, but not cystic fibrosis. The correct option is d).

A) Megaloblastic anemia is a condition characterized by the production of abnormally large red blood cells. Regular exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, can enhance the production and function of red blood cells, leading to improved oxygen transport and utilization in the body. This can help prevent megaloblastic anemia or mitigate its effects.

B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation. Regular exercise can improve lung function, strengthen respiratory muscles, and enhance overall cardiovascular fitness. These benefits can help reduce the risk of developing COPD or slow its progression in individuals already affected by the condition.

C) Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. Regular physical activity plays a vital role in preventing and managing type 2 diabetes. Exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity, promotes weight management, and enhances glucose regulation in the body. By engaging in regular exercise, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

D) Cystic fibrosis, on the other hand, is a genetic disorder that affects various organs, primarily the lungs and digestive system. It is not preventable or influenced by regular exercise. Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene, and its management requires specialized medical care and treatment.

In conclusion, regular exercise can reduce the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2 diabetes, and megaloblastic anemia. The answer is option d).

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Since antibiotics prevent bacterial growth and replication by interfering with the bacterial cell wall, peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell envelope makes a perfect target for them.

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The answer to this question is e) all of the above are features of the lipid bilayer. The lipid bilayer is a fundamental structure of all biological membranes and consists of two layers of lipid molecules that form a barrier between the interior and exterior of a cell.

One of the key features of the lipid bilayer is that individual lipid molecules are free to diffuse laterally in the surface of the bilayer, which allows for membrane fluidity and flexibility. In addition, individual lipid molecules in one face of the bilayer can freely diffuse to the other monolayer, which is known as flip-flop. Nonpolar compounds can readily diffuse across the bilayer, making it a selectively permeable membrane. Lastly, the membrane fluidity is subject to changes by temperature, which can affect the fluidity and permeability of the membrane. Overall, the lipid bilayer is a crucial component of biological membranes, providing a protective barrier while allowing for the exchange of materials and information.

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Answer: A

they help them reproduce

Cup-shaped fungi are a type of sac fungi.

Hence, Sac fungi include the group of cup-shaped fungi

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Answer:

Sac Fungi

Explanation:

The process of cutting DNA into fragments and inserting the fragments with a desired DNA into another organism, the organisms can be of the same or different species is known as genetic engineering.

What is genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering is the process of cutting DNA into fragments and inserting the fragments with a desired DNA into another organism.

The organism can be of same species or different species.

It is also called genetic modification.

This process is the direct manipulation of an organism’s genome using biotechnology

It is the artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA.

The aim of genetic engineering is to produce organisms that have new or improved traits or characteristics.

By isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning method, a new DNA may be inserted in the host genome

For example, genetic engineering can be used to create crops that are resistant to pests and diseases.

Who created the first recombinant DNA?

Paul Berg, an American Biochemist created the first recombinant DNA molecules.

This process applies in the field of Medicine, research, industry and agriculture.

Using genetic engineering, the diseases such as malaria, dengue can be eliminated by sterilizing the mosquitoes.

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The term for the type of mutation that results in a

loss of material

from the

genome is deletion

.

A DNA segment that is lost or deleted from a chromosome is referred to as a deletion. This can happen spontaneously as the result of mistakes in DNA replication or repair, or it can be brought on by environmental factors like radiation or exposure to specific chemicals.

Deletions can have a variety of consequences on gene expression and protein function and can range in size from a single base pair to huge regions of a chromosome. While others can result in serious genetic disorders or developmental abnormalities, some deletions may have no discernible impact at all.

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A cell membrane is a bilayer because it is made up of 2 layers of lipids. The heads of the lipids are faced towards the opposite sides (the inside and outside of a cell) while the tail (the 2 fatty acids) are inside the layer facing each other.

Answer: (Salvage) archaeology requires that archaeologists survey a site under short notice.

Note: If you are on Edmentum and have to type in the answer, it will be counted wrong if you don't capitalize the s.

Salvage archeology requires archaeologist survey under short notice .

What is salvage ?

"As a noun salvage is the act of rescuing stuff from a disaster like a shipwreck or fire — or the rescued goods themselves".

What is archeology survey ?

"In archaeology, survey or field survey is a type of field research by which archaeologists (often landscape archaeologists) search for archaeological sites and collect information about the location, distribution and organization of past human cultures across a large area (e.g. typically in excess of one hectare, and often in excess of many km 2 )".

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In the previous section, we looked at two distinct scenarios with different ocean currents and air masses. Now we will consider two more scenarios, with the type of ocean current and air masses picked up to us. Let's take a look at how the changing scenarios would affect the weather.

Scenario 1: A warm air mass and a cold ocean current

The warm air mass from the south meets with the cold ocean current, which lowers the temperature of the air as it passes over the water. As a result, the atmosphere becomes unstable and more prone to storms and rainfall. The ocean current in this scenario moves in a northerly direction, with colder water temperature. In this scenario, the air mass that moves from the southward direction will be warmer, and as it passes over the colder water temperature of the ocean current, the air temperature will decrease.

Scenario 2: A cold air mass and a warm ocean current

In this scenario, the air mass moves southwards, picking up moisture from the ocean's warmer waters, resulting in cloudy skies and a lot of precipitation. Since the ocean current in this scenario moves in a southerly direction, the water temperature is relatively warmer. Therefore, when the cold air mass from the north passes over the warm water of the ocean current, the air temperature will increase, leading to more precipitation.

In conclusion, the type of air masses and ocean currents that occur in an area determines the type of weather experienced. By analyzing the type of air masses and ocean currents in a given area, one can predict what kind of weather to expect.

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Because the starch solution is hypertonic, and water would move into the dialysis bag.

Osmosis takes place in accordance with the gradient of water concentration across the membrane, which is inversely proportional to that of solutes. Osmosis continues until either the water concentration gradient reaches zero or the water's hydrostatic pressure equals the osmotic pressure.

Osmosis is a type of passive transport in which water molecules move across a membrane that is impermeable to the solute from a low solute concentration (high water concentration) to a high solute or low water concentration.

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If a student discovers the natural pollinator of a plant while working with a flowering plant in which nectar is deeply placed in the flowers, it is most likely to have a long proboscis.

What is a proboscis?

A proboscis is simply a long appendage coming out of an animal's head, and is used to describe the nose or snout of a vertebrate, like an elephant, or the mouth of an insect, like a butterfly. In insects, the proboscis is an elongated, tubular structure that is used for sucking food into the body

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The main difference between stream pools and ponds is that stream pools have an observable current. The correct option is a.

A pond is a small stretch of water, either natural or man-made, that is narrower than a lake.

They can be distinguished from lakes and wetlands by being less than 5 hectares in size, less than 5 meters deep, and with less than 30% emergent vegetation.

In hydrologic processes, a stream pool is a section of a river or stream where the water depth is above average but the velocity is below average.

Thus, the correct option is a.

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Explanation:

The statement that best describes an organ is:

A. Different types of tissues work together to carry out a function.

An organ is a structure composed of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function in an organism. Organs are more complex than cells and tissues, but they are not the most complex level of organization in life. The most complex level of organization would typically refer to systems or organisms as a whole.

Answer: B

Explanation: