As temperature increases, which electron is more likely to be released into the conduction band first?a. (a) 5th electron not bonded to a neighboring Silicon atom (i.e. dopant) b. An electron bonded between the n-type dopant and Silicon c. An electron bonded between two silicon atoms
Answers
As temperature increases, the probability of electrons being released into the conduction band depends on their energy levels and the availability of vacant states in the conduction band.
In silicon, the valence band is fully occupied by electrons, and the conduction band is empty at absolute zero temperature. As temperature increases, electrons gain thermal energy and can move from the valence band to the conduction band, becoming free to conduct electric current.
In this scenario, option (a), the 5th electron not bonded to a neighboring Silicon atom (i.e., dopant), is more likely to be released into the conduction band first. This is because the dopant electron is already at a higher energy level compared to the electrons bonded between silicon atoms in the valence band, and it requires lower energy to be promoted to the conduction band.
Option (b), an electron bonded between the n-type dopant and silicon, may also be released into the conduction band with increasing temperature, but it would require higher energy compared to the dopant electron due to its lower energy level.
Option (c), an electron bonded between two silicon atoms in the valence band, would require even higher energy to be promoted to the conduction band compared to options (a) and (b) as it is bonded within the valence band of silicon atoms.
In summary, as temperature increases, the electrons not bonded to neighboring silicon atoms (i.e., dopant electrons) are more likely to be released into the conduction band first due to their higher energy levels, followed by electrons bonded between dopant and silicon, and then electrons bonded between two silicon atoms.
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Related Questions
a chemist carefully measures the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a 1.71 kg sample of a pure substance from 0.5 degrees celsius to 15/9 degrees celsius. the experiment shows that 3.66 kj of heat are needed. what can the chemist report for the specific heat capacity of the substance? round your answer to 3 significant digits.
Answers
The experiment shows that 3.66 kJ of heat are needed. 0.249 J/g°C or 249 J/kg°C, can the chemist report for the specific heat capacity of the substance.
The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a given mass of the substance by a certain amount. It is usually denoted by the symbol "c" and is measured in units of J/g°C or J/kg°C.
To calculate the specific heat capacity of the substance in this case, we can use the following formula:
c = Q / (m x ΔT)
where Q is the heat absorbed (or released) by the substance, m is the mass of the substance, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
In this case, the mass of the substance is 1.71 kg, the change in temperature is (15/9 - 0.5)°C = 14.6°C, and the heat absorbed is 3.66 kJ.
c = 3.66 kJ / (1.71 kg x 14.6°C)
= 0.249 J/g°C or 249 J/kg°C
Therefore, the chemist can report that the specific heat capacity of the substance is 0.249 J/g°C or 249 J/kg°C, rounded to 3 significant digits.
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2. write a conclusion statement that will address the following:
write in complete sentences.
is your hypothesis supported or not? explain using your data/calculations for support.
the accuracy & precision of your data.
possible further experimentation.
possible sources of error
.
(the hypothesis is : if the density of the object is 19.32 g/ml then the object is gold)
Answers
Based on the data and calculations obtained, it can be concluded that the hypothesis stating, "If the density of the object is 19.32 g/ml, then the object is gold" is not supported.
To support this conclusion, the data and calculations regarding the density of the object should be analyzed. If the calculated density of the object differs significantly from the expected value of 19.32 g/ml, it indicates that the object is not gold.
The accuracy and precision of the data can be assessed by comparing the calculated density with the expected density value. If the calculated density is close to the expected value, it suggests high accuracy. Additionally, if multiple measurements of density yield consistent results, it indicates high precision.
Further experimentation could involve additional tests to determine the identity of the object. These tests could include assessing other physical or chemical properties such as melting point, electrical conductivity, or reactivity with certain substances.
Possible sources of error in the experiment could include instrumental errors in measuring the mass or volume of the object, contamination of the object, or inaccuracies in the known density of gold used for comparison. These factors could contribute to deviations between the calculated and expected densities.
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If you were running an experiment to determine the temperature at which
beans grow the fastest, what would be the dependent variable?*
The number of beans you plant.
The height of the sprouts you grow.
The amount of water you give the beans.
The temperature at which each bean is kept.
Answers
Answer:
Well, it would be the height of the plant. The independant varibles would be the amount of water you give the beans or the temperature you keep them!
Explanation:
I hope this helps!
A shaded circle is shown. There are two concentric circles around this shaded circle. The inner concentric circle has two dark shaded dots. The outer concentric circle has two dark shaded dots in the corresponding position to the inner concentric circle. The outer concentric circle also has three light shaded dots one on its left boundary, one on the right boundary and the third on the lower boundary.
What is the group number of the element in the periodic table?
1
2
13
15
Answers
The group number of the element in the periodic table is group 15.
The correct option is D.
What determines the group to which an element belongs to in the periodic table?The Periodic table is a table that arranges elements into vertical columns called groups and horizontal rows called periods. The elements are arranged based on increasing atomic number.
Elements in the same group have the same number of outermost shell electrons. For example, elements in group 5A or group 15 have 5 outermost shell electrons.
Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells. For example, elements in period 2 have two electron shells.
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An acid is hydrogen and one or more nonmetals.
Select one:
True
False
Answers
Answer:
true
Explanation:
hope this helps!
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An acid is hydrogen and one or more nonmetals. This statement is true. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is non metal ?A nonmetal is a chemical element that typically doesn't have a lot of metallic characteristics; examples include colourless vapors and glossy solids. When compared to metals, nonmetals' electrons exhibit different behaviour.
Natural substances known as non-metals are brittle and thermally and electrically inert (can not be easily rolling, moulding, extruding or pressing). The non-metallic elements in the periodic table are hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, arsenic, and selenium.
Non-metals are substances that lack luster, sonority, ductility, malleability, and are poor conductors of heat and electricity. They are soft and dull in appearance. Take oxygen, hydrogen, sulphur, etc. as examples.
Thus, option A is correct.
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you place a paper clip in a cup of soda and it sinks. which is denser the paper clip or the soda? would the paper clip most likely have a density of 2.8, 1.0, or 0.3 g/ml?
Answers
Answer: the paper clip is denser 2.8 g/ml
Explanation: hope this helps
After glucose is fully oxidized by glycolysis, pyruvate processing, and the citric acid cycle, where is most of its energy stored?.
Answers
The entire carbon in the glucose has been oxidized. Potential energy from glucose was transferred into NADH and FADH2 as a result of the substrate phosphorylation of ATP.
In order to obtain this energy from NADH and FADH2, chemiosmosis is used. Having the chemical symbol C and atomic number 6, carbon is an element with the meaning "coal" in Latin. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent, meaning that four of its atom's electrons can be used to create covalent bond is known as carbon .
When anything oxidized, it has gone through the oxidized process. Adding oxygen or any other electronegative element, or removing hydrogen or any other electropositive element, as an example.
Rusting is the most prevalent example of oxidation in action. When oxygen reacts with iron molecules, new, better-quality iron oxide molecules are produced.
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a cube has a length of 1.02 cm and a mass of .001012 kg what is its density
Answers
Answer:
d = 9.5× 10⁻⁴ Kg/cm³
Explanation:
Given data:
Length of cube = 1.02 cm
Mass of cube = 0.001012 Kg
Density of cube = ?
Solution:
The length , height and width of cube is always same. Thus the volume of cube is,
Volume = length × height× width
Volume = 1.02 cm × 1.02 cm × 1.02 cm
Volume = 1.06 cm³
Density of cube:
d = 0.001012 Kg /1.06 cm³
d = 9.5× 10⁻⁴ Kg/cm³
If 0=30° then verify that sin20=2sin0.cos0
Answers
Answer:
It is proved that sin20=2sin0.cos0
Explanation:
Given
\(0=30\) °
\(sin20=2sin0.cos0\)
Substituting the value of "0" on both the sides, we get -
\(sin2 (30) =2sin 30 * cos 30\\sin 60 = 2 * sin 30 * cos 30 \\0.866 = 2 * 0.5 * 0.866\\0.866 = 0.866\)
Since LHS = RHS
we can say that \(sin20=2sin0.cos0\)
The energy released in a nuclear reaction comes from
a) neutrons
b) protons
c) strong nuclear force
d) the binding energy of the nucleus force
Answers
Answer: D
Explanation:
The energy released in a nuclear reaction comes from the binding energy of the nucleus. The nucleus of an atom is held together by the strong nuclear force, which binds the protons and neutrons together. This binding force is associated with a certain amount of energy. When a nuclear reaction occurs, such as nuclear fission or fusion, the rearrangement of nucleons (protons and neutrons) leads to a change in the binding energy of the nucleus. The difference in binding energy between the initial and final states is released as energy. This released energy is what powers nuclear reactions and is often in the form of kinetic energy of particles, electromagnetic radiation, or both.
Particles of a suspension will settle while particles of a colloid do not. Why dose this happen?
Answers
Answer:
The dispersed particles are spread evenly throughout the dispersion medium, which can be a solid, liquid, or gas. Because the dispersed particles of a colloid are not as large as those of a suspension, they do not settle out upon standing.
Explanation:
How carrying your textbooks relates to carrying capacity in an ecosystem
Answers
Hope this helpsss!!!! :))))
Bose-Einstein condensates _____.
were predicted in the 1920s
have atoms that have lost their unique properties
occur when atoms stop moving
all of the above
Answers
Answer:
All the above
Explanation:
Just did a quiz (:
problem 16.22 draw all resonance structures for the carbocation formed by ortho attack of the electrophile no2 on each starting material. label any resonance structures
Answers
Resonance structures for the carbocation formed by ortho attack of the electrophile NO₂.
Resonance is a way of describing the delocalized electrons in some molecules wherein the bonding can not be explicitly expressed by means of a unmarried Lewis structure. Every character Lewis shape is referred to as a contributing shape of the target molecule or ion.
Resonance takes place because of the overlap of orbitals. Double bonds are made from pi bonds, shaped from the overlap of 2p orbitals. The electrons in these pi orbitals might be unfold over more than atoms, and consequently are delocalized.
Regulations to bear in mind for recognizing resonance structures: Atoms never move. You can simplest pass electrons in π bonds or lone pairs (which might be in p orbitals) the overall rate of the machine have to stay the same. The bonding framework of a molecule need to stay intact.
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Methane undergoes combustion. Which products form?
CO2, H2O, and O2
C and H2O
CO2 and H2O
CO2 and H
Answers
When methane undergoes combustion the carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) is formed. Therefore, option C is correct.
What do you mean by combustion ?A chemical reaction between two or more substances, usually involving oxygen, that produces heat and light in the form of a flame is called as combustion. The reaction is as follows:
CH4(g) + 2O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + 2H₂O
Methane burns in the presence of enough oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O). When it is burned, it produces a large amount of heat, making it an excellent fuel source.
Thus, option C is correct.
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how fast will benzene solidify
Answers
Answer:
Very fast
Explanation:
when a coil of wire is connected to a batter, an electric current flows through it. True or False
Answers
Answer:
True i think.
Explanation:
How are renewable fuels different from fossil fuels
Answers
Answer:
Renewable energy
Explanation:
on the other hand, typically emits less CO2 than fossil fuels. In fact, renewables like solar and wind power—apart from construction and maintenance—don't emit any CO2 at all. With renewable energy, you can breathe easier, stay cooler, and create a more comfortable world for generations to come.
Answer:
renewable energy comes from natural resources that can be replenished or replaced during an average human lifetime ; eg, Hydro, solar, wind etc.
fossil fuels can take thousands or even millions of years to naturally replenish; eg, natural gas, coal, oil.
Why is there no reaction with the following; Aluminium oxide + copper
Answers
How does electron pair repulsion determine the molecular shape/molecule geometry?.
Answers
The repulsion of the electron pair surrounding the core atom has a significant impact on the geometry or shape of the electron.
How does the molecule shape indicate or are determined by electron pair repulsion?The tendency of the electron pairs in an atom to repel one another when they are present is known as electron pair repulsion.
The more repulsion there is between the electron pairs, the more the electrons want to organize themselves to lessen it.
Here, the issue of how electron pair repulsion affects molecule geometry is raised.
The fundamental explanation is that the molecule will change its structure to keep the repelling electron pair apart.
The electron pair repulsion also plays a significant role in determining molecular geometry, since molecules prefer to modify their form and geometry in response to the electron pair.
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In a piece of medal, what holds the atoms together?
Answers
Explanation:
Metallic bond, force that holds atoms together in a metallic substance
can someone help with these 3 Questions
Answers
Answer:
there is only one pic
Explanation:
but if its oki can u type itt
What is the pH of a solution that has a [OH-] = 5.8 x 10^-9
A. 8.2
B. 5.8
C. 9.8
D. 4.2
Answers
The pH of a solution that has a [OH-] = 5.8 x 10⁻⁹ is 5.76.
What is pH?
A pH scale is a tool for measuring acids and bases. The scale ranges from 0-14. Range of 0-6 represents acids and range of 8-14 represents bases. The value of pH 7 represents neutral solution.
pH = -log [H+]
Also, pH = 14 - pOH
Given,
[OH-] = 5.8 x 10⁻⁹
pOH = -log [OH-]
pOH = 9 - 0.763 = 8.23
Hence, pH = 14 - 8.23 = 5.76
Therefore, the pH of a solution that has a [OH-] = 5.8 x 10⁻⁹ is 5.76.
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If you start with 42 g of Fe-53, how much is left after 8.51 minutes? I
Answers
Answer:
2:38
Explanation:
Answer:
2.58 good luck with everything
atoms or helium nickel would represent _____
Answers
Answer:
they represent their own atoms
Answer:
Elements
Explanation:
Ethyl alcohol can be produced by fermentation of glucoe. If it take 5. 0h to produce 8. 0 kg of alcohol, how many day will it take to conume 1. 0 x 10^3 kg of glucoe
Answers
21.3 days will be taken to consume 1000kg glucose.
Fermentation is an alcoholic process where 1 molecule of glucose is converted to 2 molecules of CO2 and 2 molecule of ethanol/ethyl alcohol.
Fermentation takes place in absence of oxygen, which means in anaerobic conditions.
It takes place in presence of enzyme zymase.
The formula for alcoholic fermentation,
C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
From the data given, we know
5 hr. = 8 kg alcohol.
Days to consume = 1000 kg glucose.
Mol ethanol:
5000/46 = 108.7 moles.
1/2 X 108.7 = 54.35
hence, 54.35 moles are produced in 5 hours.
moles of 1000kg of glucose:
10⁶g/180g/mol = 5555.5 moles.
so for 5555.5 moles the days we need is
5555.5/54.35 X 5 hours
= 511.085h
= 21.3 days.
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Using these two equations, C(graphite)+ Pbos)-Pb(s) + CO(g) 2C(graphite) + O2(g) ? 2CO(g) AH'= 106.8 kJ AHo-221.0 kJ find the standard enthalpy change for the formation of 1 mol PbO(s) from lead metal and oxygen gas Pb(s) + ½ O2(g) ? PbO(s)Previous question
Answers
To find the standard enthalpy change for the formation of 1 mole of PbO(s) from lead metal and oxygen gas (Pb(s) + 1/2 O2(g) → PbO(s)), we can use Hess's Law and the given equations: C(graphite) + PbO(s) - Pb(s) + CO(g)2C(graphite) + O2(g) → 2CO(g)
We need to manipulate these equations to obtain the desired equation:
Pb(s) + CO(g) → PbO(s) + C(graphite) (multiply equation 1 by 1/2 and switch the products and reactants)
Now, let's determine the enthalpy change for this desired equation. We can use Hess's Law, which states that if a reaction can be expressed as the sum of a series of other reactions, then the enthalpy change of the overall reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes of the individual reactions.
Enthalpy change for the desired equation = Enthalpy change for equation 1 - Enthalpy change for equation 2
Since the given enthalpy changes are AH' = 106.8 kJ and AHo = -221.0 kJ, we substitute these values into the equation:
Enthalpy change for the desired equation = (1/2) * AH' - AHo= (1/2) * 106.8 kJ - (-221.0 kJ)= 53.4 kJ + 221.0 kJ= 274.4 kJ
Therefore, the standard enthalpy change for the formation of 1 mole of PbO(s) from lead metal and oxygen gas is 274.4 kJ.
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An atom has the following chemical symbol: N-14
How many protons, neutrons and elecrons does this atom have?
Answers
The chemical symbol N-14 indicates that this atom is nitrogen-14, which means it has a mass number of 14. the N-14 atom has 7 protons, 7 neutrons, and 7 electrons
The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. Since nitrogen has an atomic number of 7, it also has 7 protons in its nucleus. This means that the number of neutrons in the nucleus must be 14-7=7.
As for electrons, the number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons. This is because an atom is electrically neutral, meaning it has an equal number of positive charges (protons) and negative charges (electrons). Therefore, nitrogen-14 has 7 electrons orbiting around its nucleus.
In summary, nitrogen-14 has 7 protons, 7 neutrons, and 7 electrons. The number of protons and electrons determine the chemical properties of an element, while the number of neutrons affects its nuclear stability and isotopic properties.
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Which is the most likely mode of radioactive decay for the radioactive nuclide carbon-14?
Answers
The most likely mode of radioactive decay for the radioactive nuclide carbon-14 is beta decay.
During beta decay, a neutron in the carbon-14 nucleus is converted into a proton, releasing a high-energy electron called a beta particle. This transformation occurs because the neutron is unstable and wants to become more stable by converting into a proton.
The decay process can be represented by the equation:
^14_6C -> ^14_7N + ^0_-1e
In this equation, the carbon-14 nucleus (^14_6C) decays into a nitrogen-14 nucleus (^14_7N) by emitting a beta particle (^0_-1e).
Beta decay is a common mode of radioactive decay for isotopes with too many neutrons relative to protons. Carbon-14 is an example of such an isotope.
Carbon-14 is used in radiocarbon dating to determine the age of organic materials. By measuring the amount of carbon-14 remaining in a sample, scientists can estimate how long it has been since the organism died.
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based on their lewis dot diagram, which of the following elements is a metal
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
b
The second answer option shows a metal element.
We can arrive at this answer because:
The Lewis dot diagram is used to demonstrate the electrons in the valence layer of the elements.This diagram is made with the symbol of the element surrounded by dots that represent the number of electrons in its valence layer.Metals have one or two electrons in the valence layer, in which case, in the Lewis point diagram, metal would be represented with one or two points around the element symbol.
Among the answer options shown in the question above, the second option is the only one that represents a metal.
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