The arrangement of the alcohols according to their increasing rates of acid-catalyzed dehydration to an alkene is given below:Primary alcoholSecondary alcoholTertiary alcohol
Acid-catalyzed dehydration of alcohols leads to the formation of alkenes. This reaction occurs in the presence of an acid catalyst like H2SO4 or H3PO4. The mechanism of the reaction involves the protonation of the hydroxyl group of the alcohol, which leads to the formation of an oxonium ion. This oxonium ion is unstable and can undergo a loss of a water molecule to form an alkene.The rate of the reaction depends on the structure of the alcohol. Primary alcohols are the slowest to react, followed by secondary alcohols, and tertiary alcohols are the fastest to react. This is because of the stability of the carbocation intermediates formed during the reaction. In the case of primary alcohols, the carbocation intermediate formed is highly unstable and is destabilized by the electron-donating alkyl group. In the case of tertiary alcohols, the carbocation intermediate formed is more stable due to the presence of three alkyl groups that stabilize it.So, the order of increasing rates of acid-catalyzed dehydration of alcohols to an alkene is primary alcohol < secondary alcohol < tertiary alcohol.
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arrange the alcohols according to increasing rates of their acid‑catalyzed dehydration to an alkene. (smallest rate first), and explain your reasoning.
This question contains image and I cannot upload it from my side.
En una molécula de cualquier sustancia existe es : *
a) la unión de iones
b) la unión de átomos
c) la unión de electrones
d) la unión de protones
AYUDAAAAAAAAAA
Given: S03(g) H20(1) -> H2SO4(1); AH° = -130. KJ
determine AH° for the following thermochemical equation. 5H2S04(1) -> 5$03(8) 5H20(1)
enthalpy of reaction AH° = +650 kJ for the following thermochemical equation. 5H2S04(1) -> 5S03(8) 5H20(1)
Given ,503(g) + 420/1) + H2S04(0); . Reverse the reaction is also change the sign of OH. H₂ So3 (1) 503(g) + H2O(1), DH" = +130kJ.Multiplying this equation by s. 512 804 11) 550₂ (g) + SH₂0 (1), DH" = 5X (+130kJ)= +650kJ. AH° = +650 kJ.This quantity, H, is referred to as the enthalpy of reaction or the reaction's heat. The quantification of heat published or soaked up by a chemical reaction is known as calorimetry. The quantity of heat transferred by the reaction causes the the solution's temperature to change. A scientist can use Delta H to ascertain whether a reaction emits heat (or is exothermic) or absorbs heat (or is endothermic) (or is endothermic). Delta H = m x s x Delta T, at which m represents the mass of a reagents, s is the heat capacity of the product, as well as Delta T is the temperature change caused by the reaction.
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28.The region labeled C above refers to what type of solution?Select one:a. Acidicb. Basicc. Neutrald. Salt
Answer
B. Basic
Explanation
Any solution above 7.0 (from 7.1 to 14.0) is alkaline/basic. This type of solution is at 11, meaning it is alkaline/basic.
What is the volume of 55 g
t of copper when its density is
? 8.92 g/cm?
Answer:
6.166\(cm^3\)
Explanation:
we can use the equation density = mass/ volume
substituting your values in, 8.92 = 55/ density
rearranging, we get volume = mass/ density = 55/ 8.92 = 6.166\(cm^3\)
Hope this helps! Let me know if you have any questions :)
A laser is emitting photons with a wavelength of 587 nm. What is the energy for 1 mole of these photons in kj/mol? for planck's constant, use a value of 6. 626x10^-34 j s
The energy of a photon is given by the equation:
E = hc/λwhere h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and λ is the wavelength of the photon.Substituting the given values, we get:E = (6.626 × 10^-34 J s)(2.998 × 10^8 m/s)/(587 × 10^-9 m)E = 3.38 × 10^-19 J per photonTo find the energy for 1 mole of photons, we need to multiply the energy per photon by Avogadro's number:E = (3.38 × 10^-19 J/photon) × (6.022 × 10^23 photons/mol)E = 2.04 × 10^5 J/molConverting to kilojoules:E = 2.04 × 10^5 J/mol / 1000 J/kJE = 204 kJ/molTherefore, the energy for 1 mole of photons with a wavelength of 587 nm is 204 kJ/mol.A laser is releasing photons with a 587 nm wavelength. What is the energy in kilojoules per mole for one of these photons?
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Scott and his family recently moved to a large city, where the air sometimes looks hazy from smog. These four steps could result in the formation of this smog:
Ozone forms.
Polluting gases react with sunlight.
Temperature inversion traps pollution.
Cars emit hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.
Which answer shows the order in which these steps occur?
A. 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 1, 2, 4, 3
C. 4, 1, 2, 3,
D. 4, 2, 1, 3
Answer:
D. 4, 2, 1, 3 is the correct answer.\( \infty \infty \)
How does a balanced chemical equation demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Mass?(1 point)
it shows that the properties of the elements stay the same after the reaction
it shows that the properties of the elements stay the same after the reaction
it shows that all compounds remain bonded after the reaction
it shows that all compounds remain bonded after the reaction
it shows that only physical changes follow the Law of Conservation of Mass
it shows that only physical changes follow the Law of Conservation of Mass
it shows that no atoms have been gained or lost during the reaction
it shows that no atoms have been gained or lost during the reaction
A balanced chemical equation demonstrates the Law of Conservation of Mass if: D. It shows that no atoms have been gained or lost during the reaction.
A chemical equation can be defined as the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction between two or more chemical elements, through the use of chemical symbols and formulas.
A balanced chemical equation is a chemical equation wherein the number of atoms on the reactant (left) side is equal to the number of atoms on the product (right) side.
This ultimately implies that, both the charge on each atom and sum of the masses of the chemical compounds or elements in a chemical equation are properly balanced.
The Law of Conservation of Mass (LOCOM) states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in any chemical reaction.
Hence, a balanced chemical equation requires the same number of atoms on the reactant side and product side of a chemical reaction.
In conclusion, LOCOM is demonstrated by a balanced chemical equation if it shows that no atoms have been gained or lost during the chemical reaction.
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Answer:
I think that it's D
Explanation:
A helium balloon has a volume of 735 ml at ground level. The balloon is transported to an elevation of 5 km, where the pressure is 0. 8 atm. At this altitude, the gas occupies a volume of 1286 ml. Assuming that the temperature is constant, what was the ground level pressure?.
The ground pressure on that condition will be 1.4 Atm. The condition of that space is isotherms, to solve it we use Boyle's law in isotherms condition.
How to find the ground level pressure?To solve this problem we are using Boyle's law. As Boyle's law state that " a gas's pressure and volume are inversely proportional" which is formulated as P1 x V1 = P2 x V2. As per data given: early volume(V1) = 735 mL; pressure(P2) = 0.8 atm; and volume(V2) = 1286 mL. The calculation will be:
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
P1 x 735 = 0.8 x 1286
P x 735 = 1028.8
P = 1.4 Atm
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How would I balance this?
The balanced equation would be \(16Cr(s) + 3S_8(s) --- > 8Cr_2S_3 (s)\).
Balancing chemical equationA balanced chemical equation will have as many atoms of different elements in the products as in the reactants. In other words, a balanced chemical equation will obey the law of conservation of atoms.
According to the law of conservation of atoms, atoms can neither be created nor destroyed but can be converted from one form to another during the course of chemical reactions.
Following this law, the balanced equation for the reaction would be \(16Cr(s) + 3S_8(s) --- > 8Cr_2S_3 (s)\)
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You may assume the following combustion event locations when analyzing the figures: \begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|} \hline & Design 1 & Design 2 \\ \hline Spurk Crask Angle & −10 deg & −20 deg \\ \hline 10\% MFB Crank Angle & 0 deg & −5 deg \\ \hline 500 MFB Crank Angle & 10 deg & 10 deg \\ \hline 904 MFB Crank Angle & 25 deg & 30 deg \\ \hline \end{tabular} Note that the data series plotted in c) through f) begin at the spark timing. Please compare the two engines at part load unless told otherwise. For (b) through ( g), a complete discussion will include competing factors that affect the primary and secondary parameters of each process, including those that make an event more or less likely, or make a characteristic increase or decrease for each engine design. (a) Construct a table comparing the important parameters of the two designs. At a minimum, the table should highlight the differences in the compression ratio, Φ,EGR level, intake
A table comparing the important parameters of the two engine designs is shown below:ParametersDesign 1Design 2Compression Ratio 18:118:1Φ (Equivalence Ratio)0.75 (Richer)0.65 (Leaner)EGR Level 10%15%Intake Temperature 80°C100°C Intake Pressure 1 bar0.5 bar Intake Valve Closing −15 deg BTDC−25 deg BTDC.
The compression ratio is the ratio of the volume of the combustion chamber from its largest capacity to its smallest capacity. The compression ratio in Design 1 is 18:1, while in Design 2, it is 18:1. The higher compression ratio is seen in Design 1, which will lead to a higher engine efficiency since more fuel energy is converted into useful work.
The Φ (equivalence ratio) is the ratio of the actual air/fuel ratio to the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio. A Φ value of 1.0 indicates a stoichiometric mixture, whereas values less than 1.0 indicate a lean mixture and values greater than 1.0 indicate a rich mixture. The Equivalence ratio in Design 1 is 0.75, which means it is running rich, while in Design 2, it is 0.65, which means it is running lean.
The design 2 engine has a higher Φ (equivalence ratio) level, which may lead to lower NOx emissions due to lean-burn combustion.The EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) level in Design 1 is 10%, whereas in Design 2, it is 15%. The EGR level in Design 2 is higher than that in Design 1, which can help to reduce NOx emissions by lowering the temperature of combustion.
Intake temperature is 80°C in Design 1, whereas in Design 2, it is 100°C. The higher intake temperature in Design 2 means that the engine will have a higher thermal efficiency due to the increased Carnot efficiency.Intake pressure is 1 bar in Design 1, while in Design 2, it is 0.5 bar. The higher intake pressure in Design 1 results in more air being compressed into the combustion chamber, allowing for more fuel to be burned and greater efficiency.
Intake Valve Closing (IVC) is −15 deg BTDC in Design 1 and −25 deg BTDC in Design 2. The IVC timing is responsible for trapping the charge in the combustion chamber and influencing the engine's breathing. The lower IVC timing in Design 2 provides less resistance to flow, resulting in greater volumetric efficiency.
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Describe the preparation of 2.00 L of 0.100 M glycine buffer, pH 9.0, from glycine and 1.00 M NaOH. What mass of glycine is required, and what volume of 1.00 NaOH is required
15.01 g of glycine is required to prepare 2.00 L of 0.100 M glycine buffer, pH 9.0, from glycine and 1.00 M NaOH. The volume of 1.00 M NaOH required is not specified.
The given information is:
Volume of buffer = 2.00 L,
Concentration of buffer = 0.100 M,
pH of buffer = 9.0,
Concentration of NaOH = 1.00 M
We have to prepare glycine buffer from glycine and NaOH.
Firstly, let's calculate the pKa of glycine.
pKa of glycine can be calculated as:
pKa = pH + log [A-]/[HA]
pKa = 9.0 + log [0.1]/[1 - 0.1]
pKa = 9.0 + log (0.1/0.9)
pKa = 9.0 - 0.954 = 8.046
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to calculate the required volume of 1 M NaOH.
The formula is:pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]
We are given pH 9.0, pKa 8.046, and concentration 0.100 M;
Therefore, we can rearrange the equation and solve for [A-]/[HA] = 9.34.
[A-]/[HA] = 10^(pH-pKa)
= 10^(9.0-8.046)
= 9.34
Volume of glycine buffer can be calculated using the formula:V1*M1 = V2*M2
V1*0.100 M = 2.00 L * 0.100
MV1 = 2.00 L * 0.100 M / 0.100
MV1 = 2.00 L
Volume of glycine buffer required is 2.00 L.
Now, let's calculate the amount of glycine required.The molecular formula of glycine is C2H5NO2.
Molar mass of glycine = 2 × 12.01 + 5 × 1.01 + 1 × 14.01 + 2 × 16.00
= 75.07 g/mol
Number of moles of glycine = Molarity × Volume of solution
= 0.100 mol/L × 2.00 L
= 0.200 mol
Amount of glycine required = Number of moles × Molar mass
= 0.200 mol × 75.07 g/mol
= 15.01 g
Therefore, 15.01 g of glycine is required to prepare 2.00 L of 0.100 M glycine buffer, pH 9.0, from glycine and 1.00 M NaOH. The volume of 1.00 M NaOH required is not specified.
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Skepticism is important in this scenario because it would help him to learn from the investigations of his colleagues. Ask future questions related to the investigation. Communicate his results at a conference. Ensure that his conclusion is supported by evidence.
Answer:
hello your question is incomplete below is the missing part of the question
A biochemist performs an experiment to study the behavior of water molecules near proteins. He concludes that water molecules occur in groups of five in the presence of proteins.
answer : Ensure that his conclusion is supported by evidence.
Explanation:
Skepticism during the conduction of an experiment is an act/trait that a scientist possess that will make him/her repeat an experiment for the purpose of verifying the data gotten from the previous experiment
hence the answer to the question is to Ensure that his conclusion is supported by evidence.
Without using a textbook, predict the sequence of electron transport carriers (the sequence of participants in the redox reactions) in the electron transport chain. A table of standard reduction potentials is given for reference.
The electron transport chain involves a sequence of participants in redox reactions. Predicting this sequence without using a textbook requires knowledge of standard reduction potentials as a reference.
The electron transport chain is a vital process in cellular respiration and photosynthesis, where electrons are transferred through a series of carrier molecules, leading to the production of ATP or NADPH. To predict the sequence of electron transport carriers, we can utilize the concept of standard reduction potentials. Standard reduction potential measures the tendency of a molecule to gain electrons and is represented by a positive or negative value.
In the electron transport chain, the carriers are arranged based on their standard reduction potentials. Generally, the sequence begins with carriers that have the most negative reduction potentials and progresses toward carriers with more positive potentials. This allows for the spontaneous flow of electrons from carriers with lower reduction potentials to carriers with higher potentials.
Common carriers in the electron transport chain include NADH dehydrogenase, ubiquinone, cytochrome b-c1 complex, cytochrome c, and cytochrome oxidase. By referring to a table of standard reduction potentials, one can determine the relative order of these carriers and predict the sequence of participants in the redox reactions within the electron transport chain.
It is important to note that the specific arrangement may vary slightly depending on the organism or system being considered, but the fundamental principle of electron flow from lower to higher reduction potentials remains consistent.
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Ne double-replacement reaction of iron(ii) nitrate with potassium
ydroxide produces a precipitate of iron(iii) hydroxide.
fe(no3)3(aq) +3koh(aq) +3kno3(aq) + fe(oh)3(s)
that mass of iron(iii) hydroxide is produced when 50.0 g iron(iii)
itrate reacts with excess potassium hydroxide?
a 7.36 g fe(oh)3
w
b 22.1 g fe(oh)3
g
3
c 66.3 g fe(oh)3
d 50.0 g fe(oh)3
check it
skip
The mass of iron (III) oxide that will be produced would be 22.1 grams
Stoichiometric calculationFrom the equation of the reaction:
\(3KOH + Fe(NO_3)_3 --- > 3KNO_3 + Fe(OH)_3\)
The mole ratio of iron (III) nitrate to iron (III) hydroxide is 1:1.
Mole of 50 g iron (III) nitrate = 50/241.86 = 0.207 moles
Equivalent mole of iron (III) hydroxide = 0.207 moles
Mass of 0.207 moles iron (III) hydroxide = 0.207 x 106.87 = 22.1 grams
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g if 2 moles of al is stoichiometrically equivalent to 3 moles of h2, how many moles of hydrogen form from 6 moles of aluminum?
9 moles of \(H_{2}\) can be made from complete reaction of 6 moles of Al with hydrogen chloride.
In chemistry, stoichiometry is the measurement of the ratios in which different substances or elements interact. The laws of conservation of mass and energy as well as the law of combining weights or volumes serve as the foundation for the rules used in the determination of stoichiometric relationships.
In the field of chemistry known as stoichiometry, needed quantitative data is ascertained by exploiting relationships between the reactants and/or products of a chemical process. Stoichiometry literally translates as the measure of elements because the Greek words stoikhein and metron both mean element and measure, respectively.
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15. What is the mass of mercury in a 250 g fish if the ppm was measured to be 0.23?
Answer: The mass of mercury will be 57.5 micrograms.
The given question deals with Analytical Chemistry where Concentration is asked here.
Concentration: Generally concentration is defined as amount of the substance per unit volume. Concentration is also expressed in parts per million(ppm) when it is a small quantity as in case of mercury content in fish.
Explanation: Given mass of the fish = 250 g,
ppm = 0.23
Now mass of mercury = 0.23 ppm × 250 g
= 0.23/1,000,000 × 250g
=0.23×250/1,000,000 g
= 0.0000575 g
=57.5 micrograms
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A student is given an object and is asked to identify its density. The object has a volume of 3 cubic centimeters and a mass of 6 grams. Which of the following equations correctly sets up the formula for density?
Density =mass/volume
=6/3
=2
Need an answer for this question pls
Television technology has evolved from the process of analogue to the process of digital signal transmission.
What is technology?We know that technology has to do with the correct application of the scientific knowledge so as to solve practical problems. The chemical engineer is ultimately involved in the process of problem solving the society.
The television technology has evolved from the analogue transmission of the signals when I was a child to the digital transmission of signals thus most of the television stations now do digital transmission.
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Perform the following operation
and express the answer in
scientific notation.
9.2x10^7 ÷ 3.7x10^9
Answer:
coefficient green : 2.4865
exponent (yellow) : 16
Explanation:
The mass of a carbon atom is 12. 00amu while the mass of a helium-4 atom is 4. 003amu. If three atoms of helium fuse to form carbon, how much mass is converted into energy?.
Small amounts of mass are changed into power from the breaking up fission or mixture fusion of the nuclei of atoms.
The potential or strength to do paintings, inclusive of the capacity to move an item through the utility of force. power can exist in a selection of bureaucracy, along with electrical, mechanical, chemical, thermal, or nuclear, and can be transformed from one form to some other.
In physics, electricity is the quantitative asset this is transferred to a frame or to a physical gadget, recognizable in the performance of labor and inside the shape of warmth and mild. electricity is a conserved amount the law of conservation of strength states that strength may be transformed in form, however now not created or destroyed.
Scientists define strength as the potential to do work. contemporary civilization is possible because human beings have found a way to exchange energy from one shape to other and then use it to do paintings.
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Chlorine has 17 total electrons with electron configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5. What are the first two quantum numbers for the six electrons in the 2p subshell?
Answer:
Chlorine has 17 total electrons with electron configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5.
What are the first two quantum numbers for the six electrons in the 2p subshell?
Explanation:
The principal quantum number represents the shell number in which the electron is present.
It is represented with "n".
The next quantum number is the azimuthal quantum number.
It represents the shape of the orbital.
It has values from 0 to (n-1).
Its value depends on the principal quantum number.
Chlorine has 17 total electrons with electron configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5.
For the six elecetrons in 2p subshell:
The first two quantum number values are the same and their values are:
n=2 , l=1.
If water is added to 50 ml of a 0. 04 M solution so that it fills a 200 ml beaker, what is the final concentration? M.
I need help with this for an assignment
The air in the balloon i heated up by leaving it in a warm place. Give two effect that thi ha on the air particle
If the balloon is closed, then yes, both volume and pressure will increase when the gas inside is heated.
What is pressure?
Pressure is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these are units of force divided by units of area. For example, the SI unit of pressure, Pascal (Pa), is 1 Newton per square meter (N/m2). Similarly, pounds force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in imperial and US systems. Pressure can also be expressed as standard atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure (atm) is equal to this pressure and torr is defined as 1/760 of this. Manometric units such as centimeters of water, millimeters of mercury, and inches of mercury are used to express pressure as the height of a particular liquid column within a manometer.
If the balloon is closed, then yes, both volume and pressure will increase when the gas inside is heated.
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at what pressure is the density of -50 8c nitrogen gas 1n22 equal to 0.01 times the density of water?
The pressure at which the density of -50°C Nitrogen Gas is 1.22 equal to 0.01 times the density of water is 0.00829 atm.
We have the following data:Temperature of Nitrogen Gas, t = -50°CPressure of Nitrogen Gas, P = ?Density of Nitrogen Gas, ρ = 1.22 kg/m³Density of Water, ρw = 1000 kg/m³The relationship between Pressure, Density, and Temperature of a Gas is given by the ideal gas law: PV = nRT ………. (i)where, P = Pressure of the GasV = Volume of the Gasn = number of moles of GasR = Universal Gas ConstantT = Temperature of the GasThe Ideal Gas law can be written as:P = ρRT/M ………. (ii)where, M = Molecular Weight of the Gas.The Molecular weight of Nitrogen, N2 is 28 g/mol or 0.028 kg/mol.Rearranging equation (ii), we have:ρ = PM/RT ………. (iii)Now, we can write the ratio of density of Nitrogen to that of Water as follows:ρ/ρw = P/RT ρ/ρw = P/RTρ/ρw = P/ (R(T + 273))Comparing it with y = mx form, we get:ρ/ρw = 1.22/1000 = 0.00122 (given)0.00122 = P/ (R(-50 + 273))Solving for P, we get:P = 0.00829 atm.
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the cowardly lion and the hungry tiger objective
Answer:
It is one of the six Little Wizard Stories of Oz. The Cowardly Lion and the Hungry Tiger have grown bored with their guard duty at Ozma's throne in the Royal Palace of the Emerald City. The Lion wants to attack a man and make "chop suey of him." The Tiger longs, at last, to satisfy his hunger for a fat baby.
Explanation:
i hope this help u
in your notebook,write the appropriate tempo for the following actions.Then demostrate the actions then,demostrate the action in front of your parents,guardian
Answer:
cell :—
•They lack a well-defined nucleus, have a nucleoid instead.
•Usually have double-stranded, circular DNA.
•Do not have mitochondria.
Eukaryotic cell :—
•Have a well-defined nucleus enclosed in the nuclear membrane.
•Have a linear double-stranded nucleus.
•Mitochondria are present.
How do humans spread Asian Carp?
a
They find their eggs in the river and give them to scientists to study.
b
They tell authorities when they catch one and they throw them back
c
They use them as live bait in new places of open gates with their boats.
d
They clean and drain their boats after they have gone fishing in a lake.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
You were asked to notice that the rim of the porcelain evaporating dish is unglazed, and observe what water will do to the unglazed side of the piece of terra cotta plant pot on your tray. This is why we preheated the evaporating dish prior to measuring the evaporating dishes initial mass. Brian suggests to Matt that if the evaporating dish was not preheated, the mass of the anhydrate will be heavier resulting in a greater value for the anhydrate, and a smaller value for "z" in this formula, CuxCly • zH2O. Do you agree or disagree? Justify your answer
Yes, I am agree with the evaporating dish is not preheated, then the mass of the anhydrate will be heavier, resulting in a greater value for the anhydrate and a smaller value for "z" in this formula:
CuxCly • zH2O
An anhydrate is a chemical compound that does not contain any water molecules. An anhydrate is formed when the water molecules present in a hydrate are removed through heating or another process. When we heat a hydrated compound, it results in the loss of water molecules from the compound, leading to the formation of an anhydrate.The anhydrate's mass is measured by calculating the difference in weight of the evaporating dish containing the hydrated sample and the weight of the empty evaporating dish. When we use an unpreheated evaporating dish, it results in the loss of weight as the water molecules are released from the hydrated compound. The water molecules released from the sample will condense on the cooler surface of the evaporating dish, which will lead to a higher weight than the actual weight of the anhydrate. Therefore, if the evaporating dish is not preheated, then the mass of the anhydrate will be heavier, resulting in a greater value for the anhydrate and a smaller value for "z" in this formula, CuxCly • zH2O.For such more questions on anhydrate
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IF YOU SLEEP 8 HOURS PER NIGHT, HOW MANY SECONDS OF SLEEP IS THAT?
Answer:
28800
Explanation:
28800 that how much second are in 8 hours