an individual may be exposed to a pathogen and become infected without actually getting sick. this is known as a subclinical infection. even in subclinical infections, the individual's adaptive immune system can generate memory for the pathogen. what type of adaptive immunity is this? an individual may be exposed to a pathogen and become infected without actually getting sick. this is known as a subclinical infection. even in subclinical infections, the individual's adaptive immune system can generate memory for the pathogen. what type of adaptive immunity is this? naturally acquired active immunity artificially acquired active immunity naturally acquired passive immunity artificially acquired passive immunity

Error theory states that mistakes happen at the transcription during protein synthesis from DNA.

A specific kind of data entry error known as a transcription error is typically committed by either human operators or optical character recognition (OCR) programs. Typographical errors are frequently the cause of human transcription errors; The simplest way to commit this error while touch typing is to position one's fingers incorrectly. When the scan of some printed material is compromised or written in an unusual font, electronic transcription errors occur. For instance, if the paper is crumpled or the ink is smudged, the OCR may read transcription errors.

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Answer:

d. The Atmosphere is rich in Oxygen gas

Explanation:

Due to photosynthesis, Oxygen is released by the plant, hence the atmosphere is rich in oxygen

Answer:

D. The atmosphere is rich in oxygen gas.

With out plants and photosynthesis, we wouldn't have oxygen and air to breath, and all life on earth would perish.

Explanation:

Hope it helps!

DNA, nucleic acid, nitrogen base, nucleotides, gene, chromosome, nucleus, cell is the following structures in the correct order from SMALLEST to LARGEST.

The term "DNA" is deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is often referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid due to its structure. Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine make up the phosphate backbone of the nucleic acid, while Pentose Sugar makes up the deoxyribose part.

Deoxyribose lacks the -OH group on position 2 of the sugar ring. Helixes are the two strands that make up DNA. Deoxyribose, which literally translates to "without oxygen," is a sugar ring that does not contain the OH-group at position 2.

Thus, DNA, nucleic acid, nitrogen base, nucleotides, gene, chromosome, nucleus, cell is the following structures in the correct order from SMALLEST to LARGEST.

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A study by Nievas et al. (2017) focused on the characterization of membrane-shed vesicles from the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and their association with cell interaction.

Supporting Answer: The study conducted by Nievas et al. (2017) aimed to investigate the membrane-shed vesicles released by Trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan parasite that causes the sexually transmitted infection trichomoniasis. These vesicles, also known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), play a crucial role in intercellular communication and host-parasite interactions.

Through comprehensive characterization techniques, including electron microscopy and biochemical analysis, the researchers provided insights into the biophysical properties and composition of these vesicles. They found that the membrane-shed vesicles exhibited a diverse range of sizes and contained various proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These components are believed to be involved in mediating the interactions between Trichomonas vaginalis and host cells.

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Answer:

1. False

2.True

3.False

4.True

5.False

6.False

7.False

8.True

9.are very numerous and diverse

10.binomial nomenclature

11.common names

12.taxon

13.The first name only

14.species in its genus

15.Mammalia

16.eukaryotes

17.Fungi

18.convergent evolution

19.Panthera

20.Bacteria

21.Binomial

22.Species

23.Eukarya

24.Chordata

25.kingdom

26.Homo sapien

Explanation:

1. It is true  that an organism may have the same common names that remain the same from area to area and language to language.

2. It is true that scientists try to organize living things into groups that have biologic significance.

3. It is true that In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a single scientific name.

4. It is true that in the name Ursus maritimus, the first term of the name refers to the genus.

5.  It is false that  (Linnaeus's system of classification uses 7 taxonomic categories: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)

6. It is true that Scientists often look for similar genes in similar organisms.

7. It is  True that Evidence shows that the same gene that codes for a particular protein in human muscle also codes for that protein in yeasts, indicating they are the same species.

8.  It is True that The kingdom Eubacteria contains the same organisms as the domain Bacteria.

9. Biologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organisms share common characteristics and evolutionary relationships.

10. Scientists assign each kind of organism a universally accepted name in the system known as binomial nomenclature.

11. For many species, there are often regional differences in their common names.

12.  In taxonomy, a group at any level of organization is referred to as a Taxon.

13.  In the scientific version of a species name,  The genus name is capitalized .

14. he second part of a scientific name is unique to each species.

15.  Animals that are warm-blooded, have body hair, and produce milk for their young are grouped in the class Mammalia.

16. All organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are Eukaryotes.

17. Fungi kingdoms in the six-kingdom system of classification was once grouped with plants.

18.  Sometimes, organisms that are not closely related look similar because of Convergent evolution.

19.  The animals Panthera leo (lion) and Panthera tigris (tiger) belong to the same genus.

20.  The domain Bacteria is composed of the kingdom Eubacteria.

21. The use of a two-part scientific name for organisms is called Binomial nomenclature.

22.  In Linnaeus's system of classification, the two smallest categories are genus and Species.

23.  The domain Eukarya contains plants, fungi, protists, and animals .

24. In taxonomy, the class Mammalia is grouped with the classes Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, and several classes of fishes into the phylum Chordata.

25. The most general and largest category in Linnaeus's system is the Kingdom.

The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The cause of current climate change is largely human activity, like burning fossil fuels, like natural gas, oil, and coal. Burning these materials releases what are called greenhouse gases into Earth's atmosphere.

Answer:

4.04

Explanation:

density=mass/volume

we know the mass and volume so we can plug it into the formula to get the equation density=180/45. then just divide that and you get 4.04

Answer: People of PWS' mental wellbeing In addition to the increased proclivity to phenotypic behaviors mentioned above, people with PWS may experience considerable distress, especially at periods of change in routine, and may also experience a change in mood.

Explanation:

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The sporangia of the bread mold Rhizopus are asexual structures that produce haploid spores.

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Hydrogen bonds, type of chemical bond exists between two water molecules.

A chemical bond is what binds atoms in molecules together. Electrical forces between positive charge atomic nuclei and negative-charged electrons form bonds. A chemical bond is a long-lasting attraction between ions or atoms that allows molecules and crystals to form.

Hydrogen bonds arise between neighboring water molecules' hydrogen and oxygen atoms. A hydrogen bond is formed by the attraction of individual water molecules. A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen and oxygen atoms atom, with one partly positive hydrogen atom connected to a more highly electronegative atom.

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Your question is incomplete, but most probably the full question was.

Agroscience is a branch of science that has been increasing circumstantially. Plant breeding is essential for the future of humanity, with this statement we run through the questions.

Plant breeding is the science and art of genetically modifying plants to make them more useful to humans, thus developing new varieties that are more resistant to pests and diseases, more productive, with better nutritional quality, more adapted to different soils, climates and regions, and with other different characteristics of interest for the benefit of the population.

The genetic modification of organisms, which generates transgenics, is part of plant breeding. It is biotechnology, genetic engineering applied to plant breeding. It is modern plant breeding, carried out in the laboratory, to introduce characteristics of other species into the variety that we want. We can, through genetic modification of plants, bring genes from beans and put them in soy, from rice into soy, from soy into wheat, from bacteria into soy, and so on.

Plant breeding is the best strategy for food security because, through the development of pest and disease resistant varieties, we can ensure greater production stability. By developing varieties that are more tolerant of adverse weather conditions, we can stabilize production. Therefore, plant breeding is a highly responsible strategy from an environmental point of view, because through it, production can be increased without the need to incorporate new productive areas into the production system. In this way, plant breeding becomes a great help in food security and in the preservation of the environment.

The improvement of two characteristics are of great importance for an urban vegetable garden, the first would be resistance to high temperatures, as in cities the tendency is for temperatures to be higher than in the field and time for fruiting and harvesting, as cities have a faster dynamics for things.

Humanity will increasingly need advances in agroscience because natural resources are becoming scarce and adaptation and large production in agriculture is linked to this factor.

Every day when we eat fruits or vegetables, there has been an advance in agriculture so that it is possible, the advance of agroscience is indispensable for the present day.

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The term that represents all of the genetic information within a cell is genome. The correct answer is option b.

The genome is the total DNA content found in an organism or cell. It is the complete genetic makeup of an organism or species. It is composed of all the genetic material in an organism's chromosomes, including DNA sequences that code for genes and those that don't, as well as sequences that control gene expression and other traits.

Each genome contains all of the information required to create an organism and control its functions. The genome is organized into chromosomes, which are responsible for storing and organizing the DNA.

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Answer:

Water is a universal solvent because it is capable of dissolving more substances than any other liquid.

it just means that many substances will dissolve in it. This property helps cells to obtain and use nutrients because about 2/3 of our cells are made up of water.

Relative to the size of the tube, the structure or structures of the respiratory tract that contains the greatest proportion of smooth muscle are the bronchioles. The bronchioles are smaller airways that branch off from the bronchi and are essential for controlling airflow in the respiratory system.

The bronchioles contain a high proportion of smooth muscle. The smooth muscle in the bronchioles plays a crucial role in regulating the airflow to the lungs by contracting and relaxing in response to various stimuli, such as the presence of allergens or irritants in the air. This can cause narrowing of the airways, a condition known as bronchoconstriction, which can make it difficult to breathe. Medications called bronchodilators can be used to relax the smooth muscle and open up the airways in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

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The pigmentation of the hair is deposited by a different allele (E). A lab with yellow results when twin recessive alleles (ee) are present. The two alleles of this gene are B and b.

Black is a gene that affects coat colour in Labrador retrievers, and it plays a role in coat colour. The two alleles of this gene are B and b. The extension gene is yet another one that affects coat colour. Additionally, this gene has two alleles, E and e. The genotype of two genes determine the coat colour of Labrador dogs. A dominant allele, B, of one gene results in black fur, while the alternative allele, b, results in brown fur. However, irrespective of the genotypes of the first gene, a dog will have yellow fur if a second gene has two recessive alleles, ee. The complementation test, also known as the cis-trans test, is a genetic analysis used to determine if two mutations linked to a certain trait represent two distinct gene types.

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The pigmentation of the hair is deposited by different alleles (E). A lab result on the brown and black colour of the hair of labrador dogs was presented, when twin recessive alleles (ee) are present. The two alleles of this gene are B and b.

Black is a gene that affects coat colour in Labrador retrievers, and it plays a role in coat colour. The two alleles of this gene are B and b. The extension gene is yet another one that affects coat colour. This gene has two alleles, E and e. The genotype of two genes determines the coat colour of Labrador dogs. A dominant allele, B, of one gene results in black fur, while the alternative allele, b, results in brown fur. However, irrespective of the genotypes of the first gene, a dog will have yellow fur if a second gene has two recessive alleles, ee. The complementation test, also known as the cis-trans test, is a genetic analysis used to determine if two mutations linked to a certain trait represent two distinct gene types.

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The cells that are matched correctly are;

dendritic cells – activate the immune system

Immune cells known as dendritic cells are essential for triggering and controlling immune responses. They are in charge of engulfing antigens (foreign substances) and delivering them to different immune cells, like T cells and B cells.

Dendritic cells stimulate and activate the immune system by delivering antigens, aiding in the beginning of an immunological response against diseases or foreign invaders.

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Coordinated muscular contractions that move food through the gi tract are called Peristalsis.

Coordinated muscular contractions that move food through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are called peristalsis. Peristalsis is a rhythmic, wave-like movement of the smooth muscles in the walls of the GI tract that helps propel food and fluids from one part of the digestive system to another.

During peristalsis, the circular muscles behind the food bolus contract, narrowing the lumen of the GI tract, while the longitudinal muscles ahead of the bolus relax, allowing the food to move forward. This sequential contraction and relaxation of the muscles create a wave-like motion that pushes the food through the digestive system.

Peristalsis is essential for the movement of food, mixing it with digestive enzymes, and facilitating absorption of nutrients along the GI tract. It occurs throughout the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, helping to transport ingested materials and waste products efficiently through the digestive system.

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Answer:

B. Bacteria are very small organisms.

Answer:

Blood vessels in the dermis dilate in the hot days or during exercise to cool off the body by sweating. During cold, the same blood vessels will constrict to keep the body warm and reduce the heat loss.  

Explanation:

Stage 1: Once you lie back down and closed your eyes, the first phase of non-REM sleep starts. The muscles in the legs relax after a few quick, abrupt contractions. Alpha and theta waves are both connected to stage 1 sleep according to theories of brain wave activity.

Stage 2: Electroencephalogram, Sleep Spindles or EEG, has identified the K-Complex as a waveform that typically manifests during the 2nd phase (N2) of NREM sleep. The K-Complex and sleep spindles are the two distinguishing characteristics detected in this stage.

Stage 3: During non-REM stage 3 sleep, commonly known is lambda sleep, deep, slow brain waves called delta waves start to appear. Any noises or activities outside the person's room may not rouse them up during this deep slumber stage.

Stage 4: The REM stage follows, which is highly intriguing since it closely resembles being awake. Now that you're up and attentive, we're reverting to beta waves.

Delta waves, the distinctive slow waves by which this period of sleep is named, are the primary low frequency (1-4 Hz), large amplitude variations of stage IV sleep, the deepest level of sleep.

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Answer:

The answer is C

Explanation:

The model shows that changes to global systems may have a variety of causes and effects, and may involve the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. These four systems are constantly interacting.

The statement that best explains why the model is useful for analyzing global changes to Earth systems is as follows:

Thus, the correct option for this question is C.

The Earth system may be defined as the methodology of interaction between physical, chemical, and biological processes systematically. It consists of the land, oceans, atmosphere, and poles.

Apart from this, the earth system also includes natural cycles of the planet such as carbon, water, nitrogen, etc., and deep earth's processes.

The models that ultimately reflect alterations to global systems may possess numerous causes and effects that may significantly involve the variety of zones of the planet such as atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere.

Therefore, earth systems interact with one another, and the causes and effects of global changes involving all of the systems is the statement that best explains why the model is useful for analyzing global changes in Earth systems. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.

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No Rami Communicantes is not characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS. The other three characteristics are all common to the parasympathetic division.

Parasympathetic division of ANS is one of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system. This division is responsible for the activation of the body during a relaxed state.

The parasympathetic division of the ANS is characterized by having no rami communicantes. Parasympathetic fibers are normally not found on thoracic spinal nerves. Instead, they emerge from sacral spinal nerves S2 through S4 and from the vagus nerve (CN X).

The parasympathetic division, unlike the sympathetic division, does not have a chain of ganglia adjacent to the spinal cord, but rather has terminal ganglia located close to the target organ. The preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division are quite long, while the postganglionic fibers are quite short.

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Proving nature's law is wrong it learned to walk with out having feet. Funny it seems, but by keeping it's dreams, it learned to breathe fresh air. Long live the rose that grew from concrete when no one else ever cared. Tupac Shakur.