An ethanol plant distills alcohol from corn. The distiller processes 2. 0 t/h of feed containing 15% alcohol and 82% water; the rest is inert material. The bottoms (waste) produced is 85% of the feed and contains 94% water, 3. 5% inert material, and 2. 5% alcohol. The vapor (product) from the top of the distiller is passed through a condenser and cooled to produce the final product. Determine the rate of production of the final product and its composition

Agarose gel electrophoresis differs from SDS-PAGE in all of the following ways except  loading buffer which generally gives the sample a uniform negative charge. As a result, choice A is the best one.

By determining their size and charge, small molecules (DNA, RNA, protein, etc.) or their fragments can be separated and analysed using the gel electrophoresis technique. Biochemistry as well as molecular biology use it to distinguish between a mixture of fragments of DNA and RNA by length, to determine the size of DNA as well as RNA fragments, or to separate amino acids by charge. Clinical chemistry uses it to separate amino acids by charge and size (IEF agarose, basically size independent). Its loading buffer typically imparts a homogeneous negative charge to the sample.

Therefore, the correct option is option A.

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To neutralize the mixture of 0.160 M HNO3 and 0.100 M KOH, 67.0 mL of 2.00 M HCl must be added.

The balanced chemical equation for the neutralization reaction between HNO3 and KOH is:

HNO3 + KOH → KNO3 + H2O

From the balanced equation, we can see that one mole of HNO3 reacts with one mole of KOH to form one mole of water. Therefore, the number of moles of HNO3 present in the solution is given by:

moles of HNO3 = 0.160 M × 0.100 L = 0.016 mol

Similarly, the number of moles of KOH present in the solution is given by:

moles of KOH = 0.100 M × 0.400 L = 0.040 mol

Since the reaction is a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, the number of moles of HCl required to neutralize the mixture is also 0.016 mol.

To calculate the volume of 2.00 M HCl required, we can use the following formula:

moles of HCl = Molarity of HCl × volume of HCl

0.016 mol = 2.00 M × volume of HCl

volume of HCl = 0.008 L = 8.0 mL

Therefore, 67.0 mL of 2.00 M HCl must be added to neutralize the mixture of 0.160 M HNO3 and 0.100 M KOH.

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Moles of Hydrogen gas collected : 0.127

The reaction coefficient in a chemical equation shows the mole ratio of the components of the reactants and products

If one mole of the reactant or product is known, then we can determine the moles of the other compounds involved in the reaction

Reaction

Mg(s)+2HCl(aq)⇒H₂(g)+MgCl₂(aq)

mass of Mg=3.09 g

mol Mg (Ar= 24,305 g/mol) :

\(\tt mol=\dfrac{mass}{Ar}\\\\mol=\dfrac{3.09}{ 24,305}\\\\mol=0.127\)

Magnesium metal reacts with excess Hydrochloric acid, so Mg as a limiting reactant and moles of product is based on moles of Mg

From the equation, moles ratio Mg : H₂ = 1 : 1, so moles H₂ :

\(\tt \dfrac{1}{1}\times 0.127=0.127\)

Answer: The given statement is False.

Explanation:

Alpha particle is a helium nuclei.

Alpha particles are produced when a larger nuclei decays into smaller nuclei in radioactive decay. Alpha particles have mass number and atomic number as 4 and 2 respectively.

General representation of alpha decay :

\(^A_Z\textrm{X}\rightarrow ^{A-4}_{Z-2}\textrm{Y}+^4_2\textrm{He}\)

Thus the given statement that alpha particle is composed of \(He^{2+}\) ions is False.

The statement of \(\rm He^2^+\) ions has formed the alpha particles is true.

Alpha particles are particles that have been similar to the He-4, with the presence of two protons and two neutrons. The alpha particles have the absence of electrons and have been formed during the alpha decay.

\(\rm He^2^+\) has been the ion of He with the positive charge indicating the loss of 2 electrons. Thus, in \(\rm He^2^+\), there has been 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 0 electrons.

The atomic configuration of \(\rm He^2^+\)has been similar to the alpha particles. Thus, the statement stating, "the alpha particles to be composed of \(\rm He^2^+\)ions " is True.

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The number of moles of chlorine in a 67.2 liter sample at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), is approximately 3 moles.

We need to use the ideal gas law and the molar volume of a gas at STP.

STP conditions are defined as a temperature of 273.15 Kelvin (0 degrees Celsius) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (1 atm).

The molar volume of a gas at STP is approximately 22.4 liters/mol.

Given:

Volume of the sample = 67.2 liters

We can use the formula:

n = V / Vm

where:

n = number of moles

V = volume of the sample

Vm = molar volume at STP (22.4 liters/mol)

Now, let's calculate the number of moles:

n = 67.2 L / 22.4 L/mol

n ≈ 3 moles

Therefore, there are approximately 3 moles of chlorine in a 67.2 liter sample of chlorine at STP.

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The pressure exerted by the water vapor molecules in the air is called the vapor pressure.

The Vapor pressure is the measure of the tendency of the material to change in to the gaseous state or the vapor state, and it will increases with the temperature. The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the surface of the liquid will becomes equal to the pressure that is exerted by the surroundings is called as the boiling point of the liquid.

The pressure exerted by the vapor in the thermodynamic equilibrium with the its condensed phases at the given temperature in the  closed system is termed as the vapor pressure.

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If 120 cm³ of oxygen gas is collected at 713.3 mm Hg pressure, the volume of the dry gas at STP is 0.102 cm³.

To solve this problem, we will use the ideal gas law, which relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas:

PV = nRT

First, we need to convert the given conditions to the correct units. The temperature is already in Celsius, so we need to convert it to kelvins by adding 273.15:

T = 27 + 273.15 = 300.15 K

The pressure is given in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), so we need to convert it to atmospheres (atm) to use in the ideal gas law. There are 760 mm Hg in 1 atm, so:

P = 713.3 mm Hg / 760 mm Hg/atm = 0.938 atm

Next, we can use the ideal gas law to find the number of moles of oxygen gas:

n = PV/RT = (0.938 atm)(120 cm³)/(0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K))(300.15 K) = 0.00454 mol

Finally, we can use the molar volume of a gas at STP (standard temperature and pressure) to find the volume of the dry gas at STP. At STP, the temperature is 273.15 K and the pressure is 1 atm. The molar volume of a gas at STP is 22.4 L/mol, so:

V = n(22.4 L/mol) = (0.00454 mol)(22.4 L/mol) = 0.102 cm³

Therefore, the volume of the dry gas at STP is 0.102 cm³.

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Answer:

Human exhale

Explanation:

When humans exhale-carbon is that which all humans produce=18% of all carbon output

Answer:

Entropy,mass and volume.... I think

Mass is the extensive property of a sample of aluminum. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

The extensive property can be described as a physical property of matter that changes with a change in the size and shape of the matter. Therefore, the extensive property of any substance varies directly with the mass.

Extensive properties are the value of the property of the system that must be equal to the sum of the values of different parts of the system. These properties depend on the amount of matter contained in the system.

Examples of Extensive properties are temperature, pressure, density, boiling point, etc. The ratio of the two extensive properties is an intensive property such as density.

The mass of a sample of aluminum is an example of extensive property as it depends on the amount of aluminum in the given sample. This property of the sample is proportional to the size of the system.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question was,

Which of the following is an extensive property of a sample of aluminum?

A) Mass

B) Temperature

C) Pressure

D) Density

Answer:

a

Explanation:

The solution that has the highest concentration given the data is solution A ( Option D)

This is defined as the mole of solute per unit litre of solution. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:

Molarity = mole / Volume

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of NaCl = 5 / 58.5

Mole of NaCl = 0.085 mole

Molarity = mole / Volume

Molarity of solution A = 0.085 / 0.05

Molarity of solution A = 1.7 M

Molarity = mole / Volume

Molarity of solution B = 0.085 / 0.075

Molarity of solution B = 1.13 M

Molarity = mole / Volume

Molarity of solution C = 0.085 / 0.1

Molarity of solution C = 0.85 M

Molarity = mole / Volume

Molarity of solution D = 0.085 / 0.125

Molarity of solution D = 0.68 M

SUMMARY

Thus, solution A has the highest concentration of the salt.

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The acid mostly dissociates when dissolves in water.

option C.

A strong acid is an acid that is completely dissociated in an aqueous solution such as water when it is dissolved in it.  Strong acid is a chemical species with a high capacity to lose a proton, H+.

In other words, a strong acid is one which is virtually 100% ionized in solution.

Thus, when a compound is described as a strong acid it means that: the acid mostly dissociates when dissolves in water.

So option C is the correct answer as it explains the meaning of a strong acid.

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Answer:

Mass = 16.4 g

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of K = 8.50 g

Mass of KCl produced = ?

Solution:

Chemical equation:

2K + Cl₂     →    2KCl

Number of moles of K:

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles = 8.50 g/ 39 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.22 mol

Now we will compare the moles of potassium and potassium chloride.

                  K         :        KCl

                  2         :          2

                0.22      :        0.22

Mass  of KCl:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 0.22 mol × 74.55 g/mol

Mass = 16.4 g

Answer:

Four seasons occur on Earth

Explanation:

When the Earth has completely one revolution around the Sun, then it has completed 1 year, and four seasons have occurred in the meantime.

Four seasons occur on Earth when the Earth completes a revolution around the Sun.

The following points can be considered:

Therefore the correct answer is Four seasons occur on Earth.

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Answer:

A. Molecules have finite volume.

Explanation:

Gases deviate from the ideal gas law at high pressures because its molecules have a finite volume.

Real gases have a finite volume which enables more interaction between the molecules while ideal gases are assumed not to have a finite volume or occupy space which is why it lacks any form of interaction between its molecules.

This difference is the deviation between the real and ideal gases.

Answer:

The EF of the compound is CH2O and the MF is C6H12O6.

Explanation:

To find the empirical formula (EF) of the compound, we need to determine the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms in the compound. We can assume we have 100 g of the compound, which means we have:

40 g of carbon

6.67 g of hydrogen

53.33 g of oxygen (since the rest of the compound is oxygen)

Next, we can convert the masses to moles:

Moles of carbon = 40 g / 12.01 g/mol = 3.33 mol

Moles of hydrogen = 6.67 g / 1.01 g/mol = 6.61 mol

Moles of oxygen = 53.33 g / 16.00 g/mol = 3.33 mol

We then divide each of the mole values by the smallest number of moles, which is 3.33, to get the simplest whole number ratio:

Carbon: 3.33 / 3.33 = 1

Hydrogen: 6.61 / 3.33 = 1.98 (rounded to 2)

Oxygen: 3.33 / 3.33 = 1

So the EF of the compound is CH2O.

To find the molecular formula (MF), we need to know the molecular mass of the EF. The empirical formula mass (EFM) of CH2O is:

EFM = (1 x 12.01 g/mol) + (2 x 1.01 g/mol) + (1 x 16.00 g/mol) = 30.03 g/mol

We can then calculate the molecular formula mass (MFM) by dividing the given molecular mass (180 g/mol) by the EFM:

MFM = 180 g/mol / 30.03 g/mol = 6

This means the MF is 6 times the EF, or C6H12O6. Therefore

Sodium chloride is an ionic compound. The chemical name of Sodium chloride is NaCl.

Ionic compounds are made up of ions. They have charged particles. Ionic compounds when dissolved in solvents they form ions. Sodium chloride losses Na + and cl ions. Magnesium oxide will form mg2+ and O2 ions.

Ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents. Examples are water, methanol and formamide. For ionic compounds to dissolve there will be ionic compounds will form.

Ionic bonds are not directional. There would be electrostatic or columbic attraction will be form in molecules.  The bonding seen in ionic compounds is called ionic bonding. There are two types of ions seen in molecules such as positive ions and negative ions.

Therefore, Sodium chloride is an ionic compound. The chemical name of Sodium chloride is NaCl.

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Answer: B

Explanation: JUST TOOK THE QUIZ

The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. Therefore, if a gas effuses 1.618 times faster than kr, its molar mass must be (1/1.618)^2 times that of kr.

The molar mass of kr is approximately 83.80 g/mol.

Thus, the molar mass of the gas can be calculated as follows:

Molar mass of gas = (1/1.618)^2 x 83.80 g/mol

Molar mass of gas = 32.00 g/mol

Therefore, the molar mass of the gas is approximately 32.00 g/mol.
To solve this problem, we'll use Graham's Law of Effusion, which states that the rate of effusion of two gases is inversely proportional to the square root of their molar masses. The formula is:

Rate1 / Rate2 = sqrt(Molar Mass2 / Molar Mass1)

In this case, the gas effuses 1.618 times faster than Kr (krypton). Let's denote the molar mass of the unknown gas as M1 and the molar mass of Kr (M2) as 83.798 g/mol. The equation becomes:

1.618 = sqrt(83.798 / M1)

Now, we'll solve for M1:

1.618^2 = 83.798 / M1
2.618724 = 83.798 / M1
M1 = 83.798 / 2.618724

M1 ≈ 32.00 g/mol

The molar mass of the unknown gas is approximately 32.00 g/mol.

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Answer:

I think its B im not sure

but i hope this helps

Answer:

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Answer:

hi go check this video hope it helps you i swear this video has nothing inappropriate i have seen the whole video i promise this is gonna help you a lot trust me pls make me the brainliest pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls

Explanation:

A buffer solution is a mixture that resists changes in pH when small amounts of an acid or a base are added. To form a buffer solution, we need a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid.

In the given mixtures:
1. 20 mL of 0.4 M NaClO mixed with 25 mL of 0.2 M HBr
2. 15 mL of 0.2 M NaClO mixed with 15 mL of 0.2 M HI
3. 10 mL of 0.2 M NaClO mixed with 5 mL of 0.2 M HCl
NaClO is a salt containing the conjugate base of a weak acid (HClO) and a strong base (NaOH). HBr, HI, and HCl are all strong acids.
The mixture that would not result in a buffer solution is the one containing two strong acids or strong bases. In this case, it is:
3. 10 mL of 0.2 M NaClO mixed with 5 mL of 0.2 M HCl
Since HCl is a strong acid and NaClO contains the conjugate base of a weak acid, their mixture would not create a buffer solution as both are strong components.

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The three solvents used in this experiment are methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol. The key structural difference between them is the size of the molecule and its ability to form hydrogen bonds.

Methanol and ethanol are both small molecules with only one and two carbons, respectively. They can form strong hydrogen bonds with sodium borohydride, leading to greater solubility.

On the other hand, isopropanol is a larger molecule with three carbons, and its ability to form hydrogen bonds with sodium borohydride is weaker, leading to less solubility.

This difference in solubility can affect the rate of the reaction by changing the concentrations of the reactants, and thus the rate at which they interact with each other.

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The answer is c. Phosgene.

When ultraviolet radiation breaks down chlorinated hydrocarbons, it can form a variety of products, including phosgene. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain both chlorine and carbon atoms in their molecules. These chemicals are often used as solvents, pesticides, and refrigerants. However, they can be harmful to both humans and the environment, as they can persist in the atmosphere for a long time and contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer. Ultraviolet radiation from the sun can accelerate the breakdown of these chemicals, releasing chlorine atoms that can react with ozone molecules, leading to the formation of phosgene and other harmful byproducts. It is important to limit the use of chlorinated hydrocarbons and other harmful chemicals to protect the environment and human health.

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The more stable isomer between the two isomers trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane and cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane is trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane.

The reason for this is that trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane has a lower energy state than cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane. This is because in the trans isomer, the two methyl groups are on opposite sides of the cyclohexane ring, which minimizes steric hindrance and allows for the molecule to be in a more stable chair conformation.

In the cis isomer, the two methyl groups are on the same side of the cyclohexane ring, which leads to greater steric hindrance and a less stable chair conformation.

Therefore, trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane is the more stable isomer due to its lower energy state and minimized steric hindrance.

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Using the ideal gas law, the pressure inside the can upon cooling from 90°C to 20°C is approximately 10.43 atm, assuming a volume of 1 liter and the given conditions.

To calculate the pressure inside the can upon cooling, we can use the ideal gas law, which states that the pressure of a gas is proportional to its temperature and molar volume.

The ideal gas law equation is: PV = nRT

Where:

P is the pressure

V is the volume

n is the number of moles

R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)

T is the temperature in Kelvin

First, we need to convert the temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin:

Initial temperature (T₁) = 90 °C + 273.15 = 363.15 K

Final temperature (T₂) = 20 °C + 273.15 = 293.15 K

Next, we need to determine the number of moles of air in the can. To do this, we can use the density of air and the volume of the can.

Given that the density of air at 20 °C and 1 atm is 1.2041 kg/m³, and the average molar mass of dry air is 28.97 g/mol, we can calculate the number of moles (n) using the formula:

\(\begin{equation}n = \frac{\text{density} \times V}{\text{molar mass}}\)

Let's assume the volume of the can is 1 liter (1 L = 0.001 m³):

\(n &= \frac{1.2041\text{ kg/m}^3 \cdot 0.001\text{ m}^3}{28.97\text{ g/mol}} \\\)

n ≈ 0.0416 mol

Now we can calculate the pressure inside the can upon cooling using the ideal gas law equation:

P₁ * V = n * R * T₁

P₂ * V = n * R * T₂

Since the volume (V) and the number of moles (n) are constant, we can write:

\(P1 = \frac{n \cdot R \cdot T_1}{V}\\\\P2 = \frac{n \cdot R \cdot T_2}{V}\)

Substituting the values:

\(P_1 &= \frac{0.0416\text{ mol} \cdot 0.0821\text{ L·atm/mol·K} \cdot 363.15\text{ K}}{1\text{ L}} \\\\\P_2 &= \frac{0.0416\text{ mol} \cdot 0.0821\text{ L·atm/mol·K} \cdot 293.15\text{ K}}{1\text{ L}}\)

Calculating the pressures:

P₁ ≈ 12.98 atm

P₂ ≈ 10.43 atm

Therefore, the pressure inside the can upon cooling to 20 °C is approximately 10.43 atm.

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Complete question :

An empty metal can is heated to 90 °C and sealed. It is then placed in a room to cool to 20°C. What is the pressure inside the can upon cooling? Assume that can contains air under ideal conditions. Given: At 20 °C and 1 atm, dry air has a density of 1.2041 kg/m. The average molar mass of dry air is 28.97 g/mol.

Answer:

- Anode: Co3+ | Co2+

- Cathode: Ni | Ni2+

Explanation:

The anode is where oxidation reaction occurs, and the cathode is where reduction reaction occurs.

From the table of reduction potencials, we find that:

- Co reaction:

- Ni reaction:

Now, to find out which one is the anode and which one is the cathode, it is necessary to compare the reduction potencials.

The reaction of Ni have negative potentials, so Ni will be the anode and Co will be the cathode.

Dilute solution is the best method to get the final volume and concentration as we need.

Dilution is "the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution by simply adding more solvent to the solution, eg. water." To dilute a solution, add solvent without adding solute. Adding water to a concentrated solution to achieve the required concentration is a common way to create a solution of a specific concentration. Dilution is the technical term for this process. Dilution can also be achieved by mixing high and low concentration solutions. Stock solutions are often purchased and stored at high concentrations, requiring dilution of the solution as a laboratory procedure. Solutions must be accurately diluted to known low concentrations prior to laboratory use.

Dilution Formula

Dilution is the process of adding solvent to a solution to reduce the concentration of solutes.

molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution

moles of solute = (molarity)(liters of solution)

moles of solute = MV

The initial and final conditions are expressed numerically,

M₁V₁= M₂V₂

In form of concentration equation will write as C₁V₁= C₂V₂

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When you get into a car that has been sitting in the sun for a while, there are several noticeable things that may occur. Here are some of the common observations:

1. Heat: One of the first things you'll notice is the intense heat inside the car. This is because the sun's rays have been absorbed by the car's exterior and trapped inside, creating a greenhouse effect. The temperature inside the car can become significantly higher than the temperature outside.

2. Hot Surfaces: The surfaces inside the car, such as the seats, dashboard, steering wheel, and metal parts, can become extremely hot to the touch. This is due to the absorption of heat from the sun. It's important to be cautious and avoid direct contact with these hot surfaces to prevent burns or discomfort.

3. Odor: The interior of the car may have a distinct smell when it has been sitting in the sun for a while. This is often referred to as the "hot car smell." It is caused by the combination of materials, such as upholstery, plastic, and carpet, heating up and emitting a specific odor.

4. Fading or Discoloration: Prolonged exposure to sunlight can cause fading or discoloration of materials inside the car. For example, the upholstery, dashboard, and other surfaces may gradually lose their original color and become faded or discolored over time.

5. Glare: When you first enter a car that has been sitting in the sun, you may notice a strong glare from the sunlight reflecting off the windshield and other glass surfaces. This glare can make it difficult to see clearly and may require the use of sunglasses or adjusting the sun visors to minimize the brightness.

It's important to note that these observations may vary depending on factors such as the intensity of the sunlight, the duration the car has been in the sun, and the materials used in the car's interior. Regular maintenance and taking precautions, such as using sunshades or parking in shaded areas, can help minimize some of these effects.

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