According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria originate?


a) when a protoeukaryote engaged in a symbiotic relationship with a protocell

b) from infoldings of the plasma membrane, coupled with mutations of genes for proteins in energy-transfer reactions

c) from the nuclear envelope folding outward and forming mitochondrial membranes

d) by secondary endosymbiosis

e) from engulfed, originally free-living proteobacteria

True. The alleles for the mutations eyeless and shaven bristles are both recessive to the corresponding wild-type traits.

This means that an organism must inherit two copies of the mutated allele (one from each parent) in order to exhibit the eyeless or shaven bristles trait. If an organism only inherits one mutated allele and one wild-type allele, the wild-type trait will be expressed instead.

A more or less permanent change to a cell's or a virus's DNA that can be passed on to the offspring of the affected entity is known as a mutation. (See Heredity: The Physical Basis of Heredity for more information; genomes of organisms are all made of DNA, although viral genomes can be made of DNA or RNA.) A sector or patch of cells with aberrant function, such as cancer, can emerge from a somatic mutation in the DNA of a body cell of a multicellular organism that can be passed on to descendant cells by DNA replication.

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Answer:

protein-coupled receptors.

Answer:

A high concentration of a substance in a solution means that there's a lot of a substance to the volume

EXAMPLE:

the Great Salt Lake has very few fish because of the high concentration of salt.

Answer:

4.22

Explanation:

The lower the number, the more acidic.

Answer:

Cellular Respiration

Explanation:

Cellular Respiration allows animals to generate energy by burning off fat. Cellular Respiration generates heat so that fat can be burned off.

Answer:

All three options are correct;

1. Both plants and animals have physiological cycles called circadian rhythms.

2. The molecular processes determining how plants and animals perceive environmental changes are equally complex.

3. The molecular processes determining how plants and animals perceive environmental changes are often homologous.

Explanation:

Stimulus in biology can be defined as an obvious change in either the chemical or physical structure of an organism' environment (either external or internal). All living organisms (both plants and animals) respond to changes in their environment and as such an appropriate reaction or response is made. Also, stimulus arising from within the organism is known as internal stimulus while those from its environment are known as the external stimulus.

In organisms, the specialized cells that detect stimulus are generally known as sensory receptors while a group of these receptors is referred to as sense organ.

Since both plants and animals respond to environmental stimuli, it simply means that;

1. Both plants and animals have physiological cycles called circadian rhythms. This is a natural internal process that controls the physical, mental, and behavioral changes in living organisms such as the sleep-wake cycle. The circadian rhythm is simply the internal body "24 hour" clock.

2. The molecular processes determining how plants and animals perceive environmental changes are equally complex.

3. The molecular processes determining how plants and animals perceive environmental changes are often homologous. This simply means that, specific sense organs or sensory receptors would only respond to the stimulus they are primarily created to respond to. For example, the eyes can only be used to see and not smell, ear or taste.

During Telophase chromatids are stretched back out as chromatin

The fifth and final stage of mitosis, known as telophase, is the division of the duplicated genetic material contained in a parent cell's nucleus into two identical daughter cells. Once the duplicated, paired chromosomes have been moved to the cell's poles or opposing sides, or segregated, telophase has begun.

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As per the details given, using probability there are 8 possible combinations of hats, belts, and ties.

You need to know the entire number of possible combinations and the total number of positive outcomes in order to determine the likelihood of a certain arrangement of hats, belts, and ties happening.

You may get the total number of combinations by multiplying the number of options for each item (hats, belts, and ties), as each has two options.

In this instance, you have two hat options (red or black), two belt options (blue or white), and two tie possibilities (DNA or 2n). Consequently, there are the following combinations in all:

2 (options for hat) * 2 (options for belt) * 2 (options for tie) = \(2^3\) = 8

Thus, there are 8 possible combinations of hats, belts, and ties.

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Your question seems incomplete, the probable complete question is:

I have only two hats, a red one and a black one. I have only two belts, a blue one and a white one. I have only two ties, one with a DNA molecule prominently showing on it and the other with 2n prominently showing on it. Every day I wear one hat, one belt and one tie, all chosen at random. How many possible combinations of hats, belts and ties exist?

The taste of food is determined by a combination of factors such as the food's chemical composition, the individual's genetics, and their past experiences with that particular food.

When we eat food, our taste buds send signals to our brain, which interprets the signals as either pleasurable or unpleasant. Foods that contain a balanced combination of sweet, salty, sour, and bitter tastes are usually more desirable than those that lack a balance or are overwhelmingly strong in one taste.

                             Additionally, some individuals may have a genetic preference for certain tastes or textures. Past experiences with a food can also affect one's perception of its taste, as negative experiences such as food poisoning or childhood aversions can create a repulsive response. Ultimately, taste is subjective and can vary greatly from person to person.

Cultural influences: Cultural background and upbringing can affect the types of foods people find appealing or repulsive. Certain flavors or ingredients may be more common in one culture than another, and individuals may develop a preference for those specific tastes.

Basic tastes: Our taste buds can detect five basic tastes – sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami (savory). Foods with a desired taste often contain a balance of these basic tastes, while repulsive foods may have an overwhelming presence of one or more of these tastes.

In conclusion, the perception of a food's taste as desirable or repulsive depends on personal preferences, cultural influences, and the balance of the basic tastes detected by our taste buds.

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Fat is a major source of energy in breast milk, and it contributes approximately half of the total calories or energy content of breast milk.

Breast milk is a complex and dynamic fluid that provides optimal nutrition for infants, and the composition of breast milk changes over time to meet the changing needs of the growing infant. Fat in breast milk serves as an important source of calories to support the energy needs of the developing infant, and it also provides essential fatty acids that are important for brain and nervous system development, as well as other critical functions in the body. The fat content of breast milk can vary among individuals and over the course of breastfeeding, and it is influenced by various factors such as maternal diet, maternal health, and stage of lactation.

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To investigate whether citric acid acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase, the student should use experiment C: place freshly cut apple slices in a dish, treat some slices with citric acid, and observe their appearance.

This experiment directly tests the effect of citric acid on the browning process in apples, which is caused by the enzyme polyphenol oxidase.

Experimental Setup: The student should gather freshly cut apple slices and place them in a dish. It is essential to ensure that all apple slices are of similar thickness and cut from the same variety of apple to minimize variation.

The dish should be divided into two sections: one for the control group (without citric acid treatment) and the other for the experimental group (with citric acid treatment).

Treatment with Citric Acid: The experimental group of apple slices should be treated with citric acid. This can be achieved by directly applying a solution of citric acid to the surface of the apple slices or by immersing the slices in a citric acid solution for a specific duration.

The concentration of citric acid and the treatment time should be determined based on preliminary studies or established protocols.

Observation of Appearance: After treating the apple slices, the student should carefully observe and compare the appearance of the control and experimental groups over a designated period.

This observation can be done immediately after treatment and at regular intervals thereafter. Changes in color and browning of the apple slices should be recorded and documented.

Interpretation of Results: If citric acid acts as an inhibitor of polyphenol oxidase, the treated apple slices in the experimental group should exhibit reduced browning compared to the control group.

Citric acid, by interacting with the enzyme or its substrate, can inhibit or slow down the enzymatic oxidation process, thereby delaying the browning of the apple slices.

Controls and Replication: To ensure the validity of the experiment, appropriate controls should be included. These controls may consist of untreated apple slices or apple slices treated with a different substance that is known not to inhibit polyphenol oxidase.

Additionally, to account for variability, the experiment should be replicated multiple times with a sufficient sample size.

Further Analysis: If the initial observation suggests that citric acid has an inhibitory effect on polyphenol oxidase, additional analyses can be performed to quantify the extent of browning or measure the enzyme activity in the presence and absence of citric acid.

These quantitative assessments can provide more precise insights into the inhibitory effect of citric acid on polyphenol oxidase.

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The movement screen is an excellent pre-cursor to core training because all the options mentioned in the question are correct. The statement that accurately answers the question is "All of the above".

Movement pattern restrictions and left-right asymmetries can potentially compromise any exercise program, mobility is a pre-cursor to stability and stability is the foundation of core training, and the core will often compensate when limitations, restrictions, and asymmetries are present elsewhere in the body. The movement screen or FMS (Functional Movement Screen) helps in identifying limitations and asymmetries in the body that can affect the workout or exercise program.

It assesses the body's fundamental movement patterns and provides a score that enables professionals to design a workout program that addresses the limitations and asymmetries and helps individuals improve their movement patterns. It helps in identifying the weak links in the body and areas of instability, such as the hips, spine, and shoulders, which can lead to imbalances and reduce mobility and stability.

The core is an essential part of the body, and it is the foundation of movement.  When the limitations, restrictions, and asymmetries are present in the body, the core compensates to support the body, leading to imbalances, instability, and weak links. Therefore, The correct answer is "All of the above."

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Answer:

Probably a white rabbit and a grey ish one

Explanation:

hope this helps.

Answer:

A Bacterium.

Explanation:

Bacterium reproduce much much faster than the other three, and with each generation, more chances of change in DNA

Answer:

I am goving to said adhesion

Explanation:

sence cohesión is the one the sticks to things

The three animal phyla and their unique characteristics that set them apart from others are as follows: Arthropoda: The Arthropoda phylum is characterized by segmented bodies and jointed legs.

Insects, spiders, crabs, and centipedes are all examples of arthropods. Chordata The Chordata phylum is characterized by a dorsal nerve cord, a notochord, and pharyngeal gill slits. The presence of these unique characteristics sets the Chordata phylum apart from other animal phyla.

Mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, and amphibians are all examples of chordates. The presence of a radula, a flexible, tongue-like organ with teeth, is another unique characteristic of mollusks. Snails, squid, octopus, and clams are examples of mollusks.

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Answer:

true

Explanation:

When a chromosome undergoes a deletion mutation, information is lost. Option B is correct.

A deletion mutation is a type of genetic mutation in which a section of DNA is lost or deleted from a chromosome. This can occur due to errors in DNA replication, environmental factors, or other genetic mechanisms.

Deletion mutations can have a range of effects on gene expression and protein function, depending on the size and location of the deleted region. In some cases, the deletion may result in the loss of a single gene or a portion of a gene, which can affect the function of the protein encoded by that gene. In other cases, larger deletions may affect multiple genes and have more widespread effects on the organism's phenotype.

However, regardless of the specific effects of a deletion mutation, the fundamental consequence of this type of mutation is the loss of genetic information from the affected chromosome.

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Answer:

Viruses are not living things. One reason viruses are not alive is because they require a host to survive and reproduce. A second reason a virus is not alive is because they do not stimuli. A final reason that a virus is not alive is that they are not made up of cells. All living things can reproduce without a host, are made up of cells and react to stimuli except viruses, so they are not living.

Answer:

B. Constants

Explanation:

Constants are the factors that stay the same throughout the entire experiment no matter which group. The definition of a constant is "a situation or state of affairs that does not change." this furthers the point that constant is the correct answer because they don't change in the experiment.

B) I believe? Normally I'd say controlled variable

Answer:

The Gulf Stream is caused by a large system of circular currents and powerful winds, called an oceanic gyre.

As the warm water comes in, colder, denser water sinks and begins moving south—eventually flowing along the bottom of the ocean all the way to Antarctica.

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer is option E) Cold winters and warm summers, and broad-leafed deciduous trees like oaks are dominant.

Explanation:

This biome characterizes for having deciduous trees such as oaks, maple, or olms, among other phanerophyte species. These plant species lose their leaves every year during the cold and dry autumns and winters, as it is the most limiting period over the year. Foliage resprout again during the warmer wet season when it rains more often, during spring and summer.

These forests are located between 30º and 60º latitude in both hemispheres. Precipitations might be over 1000mm.

Soils are very fertile and deep, due to the leaves´ loss that provide nutrients to the soil and protect it from erosion.          

(c) P. haloplanktis DNA ligase is the enzyme listed which js most likely to be found in an organism that lives in the arctic.

In the ocean around the Arctic shore, pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis grows. It is a chemoautotrophic oxygenic organism. It has a number of cold-resistant enzymes that keep its metabolism going. In general, the greater flexibility at low temperatures results in decreased stability at higher temperatures.

Though widespread, thermolability isn't present in all cold-adapted enzymes. Recently, it was shown that three superoxide dismutases from the Antarctic psychrophilic ciliate Euplotes focardii have melting points between 50 and 70 °C, indicating a mix of cold adaption and relative tolerance to high temperatures.

It was discovered that the Escherichia coli homologs of groEL and thioredoxin from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 were only slightly less stable.

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Question correction:

Which of the enzymes listed is most likely to be found in an organism that lives in the Arctic?

a. Salivary amylase

b. F. acidiphilum DNA ligase

c. P. haloplanktis DNA ligase

d. Rennin

e. T. kodakaraensis DNA ligase

Answer:

As there are many kinds of deserts, some hot, some cold even arid deserts are the classic hot deserts, but there are also cold and coastal deserts where temperatures do not get so high. The element common to all of these types of deserts, however, is their lack of rainfall. In that sense the rainfall is a characteristic that determines if it's a desert.

Explanation:

The amount of rainfall is a better determination of whether a region is a desert than temperature because deserts are defined by their lack of precipitation. Temperature can vary within deserts, and regions with high temperatures but adequate rainfall are not deserts.

The amount of rainfall a region receives is a better determination of whether it is a desert than temperature for several reasons. Firstly, deserts are defined by their lack of precipitation, and a region with low rainfall is more likely to be classified as a desert. Secondly, temperature can vary widely within deserts, with some deserts experiencing extreme heat during the day but cool temperatures at night. Finally, there are regions with high temperatures but adequate rainfall that are not considered deserts, such as tropical rainforests.

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Answer:

i believe the answer is 2 and 3.

Explanation:

plant cells use energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make glucose, which is sugar that plant cells use for energy. they also make their own food. animals cannot do this.

The two statements in the table that are true for plant cells and false for animal cells are: "They need nutrients but make their own food, and they need water and many kinds of nutrients, which are both 3 and 4 in Option c."

Plants have many important functions, such as performing photosynthesis, which is the process of using energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce their own food and this allows plants to be self-sufficient in terms of energy and nutrition.

Hence, the two statements in the table that are true for plant cells and false for animal cells are: "They need nutrients but make their own food, and they need water and many kinds of nutrients, which are both 3 and 4 in Option c."

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The telephone rings. Nerve impulses begin when the nerves in the ear picks up the stimulus of the telephone ringing.

The nerve impulse moves to neurons in the brain. The brain interprets the impulses and decides to answer the phone.

Nerve impulses from the brain move to arm muscle. The muscles contract in response, and you pick up the telephone.

Nerve impulses are described as electrical signal that travels along a nerve fiber in response to a stimulus and serves to transmit a record of sensation from a receptor or an instruction to act to an effector.

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