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Which of the following is a possible source of water pollution?
storms
b factories
C. farms
d. all of the above
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Answer:

The effective nuclear charge for a 2nd row electron in Sulfur is +8

Explanation:

Zeff = Z (# of protons) - S (# of shielded electrons)

Since there are 8 electrons in the first and second rows combined, there are 8 shielding electrons.

The number of protons in Sulfur is 16.

Therefore,

Zeff = 16 - 8

Zeff = 8

(It's been awhile, so I am not 100% sure)

The effective nuclear charge for a 2nd row electron in sulfur is 14.

Sulfur has 16 atomic number means 16 number of protons and we know that in the first shell or orbit 2 electrons are present which produces a shielding effect due to its fast motion.

Its 2s electrons are shielded only by the two 1s electrons, therefore the second row electron experience an effective nuclear charge i.e. Z effective = 16 − 2 = 14 so we can conclude that the effective nuclear charge for a 2nd row electron in sulfur is 14.

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Answer:

the correct choice would be: 4. Reaction rates are not related to spontaneity.

Explanation:

The speed of reaction is independent of spontaneity, since it depends on other factors such as the amount of reagent.

The amount of reagent is one of the variables that most influences the speed of reaction, the greater the amount of reagent, the faster the reaction will be and thus the speed will be increased.

Four reasonable resonance structures for the \(PO_3F^2^-\) are:

Structure 1:
O- P(=O)-O- F

Structure 2:
O- P(-O•)-O•- F

Structure 3:
O•- P(-O)-O- F,

Structure 4:
O•- P(-O•)-O•- F

The \(PO_3F^2^-\) ion has four reasonable resonance structures, which are shown below:

Structure 1:
O- P(=O)-O- F, with formal charges of +1 on the P atom, -1 on the F atom, and -1 on each of the two terminal O atoms.

Structure 2:
O- P(-O•)-O•- F, with formal charges of 0 on the P atom, -1 on the F atom, and -1 on each of the two terminal O atoms.

Structure 3:
O•- P(-O)-O- F, with formal charges of -1 on the P atom, -1 on the F atom, and 0 on each of the two terminal O atoms.

Structure 4:
O•- P(-O•)-O•- F, with formal charges of -2 on the P atom, -1 on the F atom, and 0 on each of the two terminal O atoms.

To draw four reasonable resonance structures for the \(PO_3F^2^-\) ion, consider that the central phosphorus (P) atom is bonded to the three oxygen (O) atoms and to the fluorine (F) atom. Here are the four resonance structures with formal charges:

1. P is double bonded to one O, single bonded to the other two O atoms, and single bonded to F. The O atom with a double bond has a formal charge of 0, the other two O atoms have a formal charge of -1 each, P has a formal charge of +1, and F has a formal charge of 0.

2. P is double bonded to the second O, single bonded to the other two O atoms, and single bonded to F. The O atom with a double bond has a formal charge of 0, the other two O atoms have a formal charge of -1 each, P has a formal charge of +1, and F has a formal charge of 0.

3. P is double bonded to the third O, single bonded to the other two O atoms, and single bonded to F. The O atom with a double bond has a formal charge of 0, the other two O atoms have a formal charge of -1 each, P has a formal charge of +1, and F has a formal charge of 0.

4. P is single bonded to all three O atoms and single bonded to F. One O atom has a formal charge of 0, the other two O atoms have a formal charge of -1 each, P has a formal charge of +1, and F has a formal charge of -1.

These four resonance structures show the distribution of electrons and formal charges for the \(PO_3F^2^-\) ion, illustrating its resonance stabilization.

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Answer:

2.439 x 10E24 atoms

Explanation:

from

N=n x NA where

N- number of atoms

n-number of moles and NA is the avogadro's number

The ranking of the given acids from weakest to strongest can be as follows:

A) HFO2 < HClO2 < HBrO2 < HIO2

B) HIO < HIO2 < HIO3 < HIO4

C) HF < HCl < HBr < HI

Acidity is determined by the strength of the acid's bond to its hydrogen ion (H+). The weaker the bond, the stronger the acid. In general, acid strength increases as you go down a group in the periodic table and as the oxidation state of the central atom increases.

A) The order of acidity is based on the oxidation state of the central atom, Oxygen has -1 oxidation state, hence HIO2 has the highest oxidation state and would be the strongest acid.

B) The order of acidity is based on the oxidation state of the central atom, Iodine has -1 oxidation state and -3 oxidation state, hence HIO4 has the highest oxidation state and would be the strongest acid.

C) The order of acidity is based on the electronegativity of the central atom, Fluorine is the most electronegative element hence HF is the strongest acid, and Iodine is the least electronegative element hence HI is the weakest acid.

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The benzene is only sparingly soluble in water,  the intermolecular forces of attraction between water and benzene is London dispersion force and the dipole induced dipole forces.

The benzene is a non polar compound and the water is a polar compound. so the like dissolve like. polar dissolves polar and the non polar dissolves nonpolar. the intermolecular force of  attraction between the benzene and the water is the London dispersion forces and the dipole induce dipole force.

Thus, The benzene is only sparingly soluble in water,  the intermolecular forces of attraction between water and benzene is London dispersion force and the dipole induced dipole forces.

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Photochemical oxidants are examples of secondary pollutants.

Photochemical oxidants are secondary pollutants as they are formed in the atmosphere due to the combination of primary pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, with sunlight. These oxidants can cause smog, respiratory problems, and other environmental issues.

The other options mentioned in the question are: Aerosols, volatile organic compounds, combustion gases, and dust from soil erosion are examples of primary pollutants.Aerosols are solid or liquid particles that are suspended in the air. They can come from natural sources like dust or volcanic ash, or human-made sources like industrial emissions.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic chemicals that easily evaporate into the air. They are emitted by many sources such as motor vehicles, industrial processes, and household products.Combustion gases are produced by the burning of fossil fuels or biomass. They can contribute to smog and other environmental problems.Dust from soil erosion is also a primary pollutant, which can cause respiratory problems and contribute to air pollution.

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Answer: C

Explanation:

So, the formula mass of aluminum chloride is 26.98154+3(35.453)=133.34054 g/mol.

This means that 42.3 grams of aluminum chloride are 42.3/133.34054=0.31723285356426 moles.

From the equation, we know that for every 3 moles of bromine consumed, 2 moles of aluminum chloride are consumed.

This means that (0.31723285356426)(3/2)=0.47584928034639 moles of bromine are needed.

So, the formula mass of a bromine molecule is 2(79.904)=159.808 g/mol, and thus the answer is (159.808)(0.47584928034639), which is about 76.1 g

Answer:

1.03 × 10¹

Explanation:

The decimal point is after the first non-zero digit number. The decimal or the number is multiplied by a 10 with an exponent.

The height of the object : 600 mm

Given

d object=360 mm(object distance)

d image=90 mm(image distance)

Required

h object

Solution

focal length = f :

\(\tt \dfrac{1}{f}=\dfrac{1}{d_o}+\dfrac{1}{d_i}\\\\\dfrac{1}{f}=\dfrac{1}{360}+\dfrac{1}{90}\rightarrow f=72~mm\)

The magnification :

\(\tt M=\dfrac{d_i}{d_o}=\dfrac{90}{360}=0.25\)

\(\tt M=\dfrac{h_i}{h_o}\\\\0.25=\dfrac{150}{h_o}\rightarrow h_o=600~mm\)

Molar concentration of Sodium chloride (NaCl) means the number of moles of sodium chloride present in 1L of water.

Molar mass of NaCl = Molar mass of Na + Molar mass of Cl

Molar mass of NaCl = 23 + 35.5

Molar mass of NaCl = 58.5g

∴ 1L of water contains 55.55 moles of water. Hence,

Mass of ocean water = 55.55 × 18 = 999.9g

Since, 1L of ocean water has a mass of 999.9g of which 3.5% is the salt.

hence, (999.9) (0.035) = 34.99g

So, No. of moles of NaCl = Mass of NaCl / 58g NaCl per mol

No. of moles of NaCl = 34.99/58.5

No. of moles of NaCl = 0.59 moles

So, Molar concentration or Molarity would be 0.59 moles present in 1L of solution.

Hence, Molarity or Molar Concentration = Moles of NaCl/ Volume of solution (in L)

Molarity = 0.59/1L

⇒ Molarity = 0.59M

Hence, the molarity is 0.59M

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The concentrations of the reactants and products at equilibrium, we can calculate Kc 2.56

Concentration is a measure of the amount of a substance within a given quantity of another substance or medium. It is usually expressed as mass per unit volume. For example, a concentration of a solute in a solution is the mass of that solute, per unit volume of the solution. Concentration is an important concept in many fields, including chemistry, physics, and biology, amongst other sciences.

The reaction that is happening is: S₂Cl₄(g) → 2SCl₂(g)
For the reactant, S₂Cl₄ at equilibrium:
Moles S₂Cl₄ = 1.25 moles
Volume = 2.0 L
Concentration = 1.25 moles / 2.0 L = 0.625 M
For the product, SCl₂ at equilibrium:
Moles SCl₂ = 2.5 moles (since 2 moles of SCl₂ are produced for every mole of S₂Cl₄)
Volume = 2.0 L
Concentration = 2.5 moles / 2.0 L = 1.25 M
Now that we have the concentrations of the reactants and products at equilibrium, we can calculate Kc.
Kc = [SCl₂]₂ / [S₂Cl₄]
Kc = (1.25 M)² / 0.625 M
Kc = 2.56

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The command that allows moving a file from one location to another is the "mv command".

The mv command renames or transfers files and folders from one directory to another. A file or directory keeps its base file name when moved to a new directory. All links to other files are preserved when you transfer a file, with the exception of when you move it to a different file system. A directory and its contents are added beneath the existing directory when you transfer a directory into it.

The TargetDirectory option of the mv command allows you to provide a new file name or a new directory path name when renaming a file or directory.

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The concentration of nitrogen 2 mm from the surface after 25 hours is approximately 0.0198 wt%.

To find the concentration of nitrogen 2 mm from the surface after 25 hours, we can use Fick's second law of diffusion. The formula is given by:

C(x, t) = C0 * erfc((x / (2 * sqrt(D * t)))

Where:
C(x, t) is the concentration at a distance x from the surface at time t
C0 is the initial concentration at the surface
erfc is the complementary error function
D is the diffusion coefficient
x is the distance from the surface
t is the time

Given:
Initial concentration, C0 = 2 wt% = 0.02
Diffusion coefficient, D = 2.8 x 10^-11 m^2/s
Distance from the surface, x = 2 mm = 0.002 m
Time, t = 25 hours = 25 * 3600 seconds = 90000 seconds

Substituting these values into the formula:

C(0.002, 90000) = 0.02 * erfc((0.002 / (2 * sqrt(2.8 x 10^-11 * 90000))))

Evaluating this equation, we find that the concentration of nitrogen 2 mm from the surface after 25 hours is approximately 0.0198 wt%.

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At the resting membrane potential, the membrane is most permeable to potassium ions (K+), which move out of the cell due to its concentration gradient and the negative charge inside the cell.  Correct answer is option: E.

This movement of K+ ions out of the cell contributes to the negative resting membrane potential of approximately -70 mV in most cells.  The resting membrane potential is maintained by the selective permeability of the cell membrane, which allows for the movement of certain ions across the membrane. In general, the membrane is less permeable to sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions at rest, and the movement of these ions across the membrane is limited. Thus, option E "potassium" is the correct answer.

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To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law, which states:

(P1 * V1) / T1 = (P2 * V2) / T2

Where:

P1 = Initial pressure (720 mm Hg)

V1 = Initial volume (1.00 L)

T1 = Initial temperature (20.0°C + 273.15) in Kelvin

P2 = Final pressure (360 mm Hg)

V2 = Final volume (2.14 L)

T2 = Final temperature (to be determined) in Kelvin

First, let's convert the initial temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:

T1 = 20.0°C + 273.15 = 293.15 K

Now, we can substitute the given values into the combined gas law equation and solve for T2:

(720 mm Hg * 1.00 L) / 293.15 K = (360 mm Hg * 2.14 L) / T2

Cross-multiplying and solving for T2:

720 mm Hg * 1.00 L * T2 = 360 mm Hg * 2.14 L * 293.15 K

720 T2 = 360 * 2.14 * 293.15

720 T2 = 226,607.88

T2 = 226,607.88 / 720

T2 ≈ 314.45 K

The new temperature of the argon is approximately 314.45 K.

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The approximate power per area emitted by the inside wall of an oven when baking a cake in w/m2 is 6 x 3^4.

Comparing the surface power density of various industrial energy sources is crucial. Geographer Vaclav Smil popularised the idea. In the pertinent literature, the phrase is sometimes abbreviated to "power density," which may cause confusion with similar or homonymous concepts.

The power obtained per square metre of Earth's surface area utilised by a particular energy system, including all supporting infrastructure, manufacturing, fuel mining (if relevant), and decommissioning, is expressed in W/m2. Due to the high power density of fossil fuels and nuclear energy, substantial amounts of electricity may be produced in very small spaces at power plants.

6 x 3^4 (for reference Humans are about 300 K)

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The proton motive force drives the production of ATP by providing the energy needed to power ATP synthase. This process is essential for cell metabolism and the production of energy in living organisms.

The proton motive force is a gradient of hydrogen ions created across the inner mitochondrial membrane by the activity of electron transport chains and ATP synthases. ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase, which harnesses energy from this gradient to generate ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. The process of ATP synthesis is coupled to the transport of protons from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix. This process is accomplished by the flow of protons across the ATP synthase enzyme. During cellular respiration, hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating a gradient of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This creates a proton motive force, which provides the energy needed to power ATP synthase. As the protons flow down the gradient, they pass through the ATP synthase enzyme, which couples the energy released by the flow of protons to the synthesis of ATP. The energy released by the flow of protons is used to drive the rotation of the rotor in the ATP synthase enzyme. This rotation causes a conformational change in the enzyme, which exposes binding sites for ADP and inorganic phosphate. These molecules then bind to the enzyme and are used to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. Overall, the proton motive force drives the production of ATP by providing the energy needed to power ATP synthase. This process is essential for cell metabolism and the production of energy in living organisms.

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Answer:

Limiting reactant is FeCl3; 1.7 g of Mg remain.

Explanation:

From the question;

The equation is;

3Mg(s) + 2FeCl₃(s) → 3MgCl₂(s) + 2Fe(s)

Amount of Mg = 41 g/24.31 g/mol = 1.687 moles

The limiting reactant yields the least amount of MgCl2

3 moles of Mg yields 3 moles of MgCl2

Hence 1.687 moles of Mg yields yields 1.687 moles of MgCl2

FeCl₃ = 175 g/162.2 g/mol = 1.0789 moles

2 moles of FeCl3 yields 3 moles of MgCl2

1.0789  moles of FeCl3 yields 1.0789  * 3/2 = 1.61835 moles of MgCl2

Hence FeCl3 is the limiting reactant

3 moles of Mg reacts with 2 moles of FeCl3

x moles of Mg reacts with 1.0789  of FeCl3

x = 3 * 1.0789  /2 = 1.61835 moles of Mg

Mass of Mg reacted = 1.61835 moles * 24.31 = 39.342 g

Mass of excess Mg = 41 g - 39.342 g = 1.7 g

The compression factor based on the information given is 0.083.

The way to calculate the compression factor goes this:

V(ideal) = RT/P

= (0.0821 × 250)/15

= 1.368

V(real) will be:

= V(ideal)/12

= 1.368/12 = 0.114

The compression factor will be:

= 1.368/(12 × 1.368)

= 0.083

Therefore, the compression factor is 0.083.

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The Ka value for HSO₄⁻ is 1.13 x 10⁻⁴. The Ka value for HSO₄⁻ can be determined from the pH of a 0.15 M solution of the same compound, which is 1.43.

The first step is to write the equation for the dissociation of HSO₄⁻ as follows:

HSO₄⁻ + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + SO₄²⁻

The equilibrium constant expression for this reaction is:

Ka = [H₃O⁺][SO₄²⁻]/[HSO₄⁻]

We can assume that the concentration of H₃O⁺ is equal to the concentration of HSO₄⁻, since the dissociation of HSO₄⁻ is relatively small. Therefore, we have:

Ka = [H₃O⁺]²/[HSO₄⁻]

Next, we need to calculate the concentration of H₃O⁺ in the solution. The pH of the solution is given as 1.43, which means:

pH = -log[H₃O⁺]

[H₃O⁺] = 10⁻ᵖᴴ

[H₃O⁺] = 10⁻¹·⁴³ = 3.67 x10⁻² M

Substituting this value in the equation for Ka, we get:

Ka = (3.67 x(10⁻²)²/0.15

Ka = 1.13 x 10⁻⁴

Therefore, the Ka value for HSO₄⁻ is 1.13 x 10⁻⁴.

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Answer:

13.18

Explanation:

We'll begin by calculating the hydrogen ion concentration, [H⁺] in the solution. This can be obtained as follow:

HCl (aq) —> H⁺(aq) + Cl¯(aq)

From the balanced equation above,

1 mole of HCl dissociate to produce 1 mole of H⁺.

Therefore, 0.15 M HCl will also dissociate to produce 0.15 M H⁺.

Thus, the concentration of the hydrogen ion, [H⁺] in the solution is 0.15 M.

Next, we shall determine the pH of the solution. This can be obtained as follow:

Concentration of the hydrogen ion, [H⁺] = 0.15 M.

pH =?

pH = – Log[H⁺]

pH = – Log 0.15

pH = 0.82

Finally, we shall determine the pOH of the solution. This can be obtained as follow:

pH = 0.82

pOH =?

pH + pOH = 14

0.82 + pOH = 14

Collect like terms

pOH = 14 – 0.82

pOH = 13.18

Therefore, the pOH of the solution is 13.18

The pOH of the solution is 13.18 when a solution of 0.15 M HCl (aq) is present.

The potential of hydrogen; a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution equal to the common logarithm of the reciprocal of the concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per cubic decimetre of solution.

Concentration of the hydrogen ion, [H⁺] = 0.15 M.

pH =?

pH = – Log[H⁺]

pH = – Log 0.15

pH = 0.82

Finally, we shall determine the pOH of the solution. This can be obtained as follow:

pH = 0.82

pOH =?

pH + pOH = 14

0.82 + pOH = 14

pOH = 14 – 0.82

pOH = 13.18

Therefore, the pOH of the solution is 13.18

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Answer:

Adenine always pairs with thymine in a DNAmolecule.

Explanation:

Answer:

6.37g of iron are produced.

Explanation:

1st) From the balanced reaction we know that 1 mole of Fe2O3 reacts with 3 moles of H2 to produce 2 moles of Fe and 3 moles of H2O.

With the molar mass of Fe2O3 (160g/mol) and H2 (2g/mol) we can convert the moles to grams:

- Fe2O3 conversion: 1 mole is equal to 160g, so here it is not necessary to calculate the conversion.

- H2 conversion:

So, from the balanced reaction we know that 160g of Fe2O3 react with 6g of H2.

2nd) Now we have to find out which compound is the limiting reactant and which compound is the excess reactant, using the 9.1g and 16.8g given in the exercise:

So, the 9.1g of Fe2O3 will need 0.34g of H2 to react properly, but we have 16.8g of H2 so H2 is the excess reactant and Fe2O3 is the limiting reactant.

3rd) Using the limiting reactant, we can calculate the grams of iron that are produced.

It is necessary to use the molar mass of iron (56g/mol) to convert the 2 moles in the reaction to grams (2 Fe moles = 112g).

Finally, 6.37g of iron are produced.

2.70 grammes of N₂ must dissolve in 30.5 litres of water at 25 degrees Celsius and 4.46 atm of pressure.

The solubility of N₂ in water depends on the temperature and pressure. To determine the volume of water needed to dissolve 2.70 grams of N₂ at 25 °C and 4.46 atm, we need to use the Henry's law equation, which relates the solubility of a gas in a liquid to its partial pressure:

C = kH x P

where C is the concentration of the gas in the liquid, kH is the Henry's law constant for the gas, and P is the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.

The Henry's law constant for N₂ in water at 25 °C is 7.07 x 10⁻⁴ M/atm.

First, we need to convert the mass of N₂ to moles using its molar mass:

moles of N₂ = 2.70 g / 28.02 g/mol = 0.0963 moles

Next, we can use Henry's law equation to find the concentration of N₂ in water:

C = kH x P = (7.07 x 10⁻⁴ M/atm) x (4.46 atm) = 3.16 x 10⁻³ M

Finally, we can use the definition of concentration (C = moles of solute / volume of solvent) to solve for the volume of water needed:

Volume of water = moles of solute / concentration = 0.0963 moles / 3.16 x 10⁻³ M = 30.5 L

Therefore, 30.5 liters of water are needed to dissolve 2.70 grams of N₂ at 25 °C under a pressure of 4.46 atm.

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Answer:

I think its D sorry if im wrong

Answer:i think its D

Explanation:

The concentration of the original unknown protein solution that is  determined to be 0.3624 mg/ml in parts-per-million (ppm) = 362.4 ppm

To find the protein concentration in ppm (parts-per-million), first, we need to convert mg/mL to mg/L since 1 ppm is equal to 1 mg/L. Let's start solving this problem.

The concentration of the original unknown protein solution is given as 0.3624 mg/mL.

Conversion factor: 1 ppm = 1 mg/L.

To convert mg/mL to mg/L, we need to multiply the given concentration by 1000.mg/mL to mg/L conversion

= 0.3624 x 1000= 362.4 mg/L

Now, we need to use the ppm conversion factor to get the protein concentration in ppm.

Protein concentration in ppm = (protein concentration in mg/L/1) x 1 ppm

= (362.4 mg/L / 1) x 1 ppm

= 362.4 ppm

Therefore, the protein concentration is 362.4 ppm (parts-per-million)

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The decomposition of nitroglycerin is an exothermic reaction. Therefore, the magnitude of ΔH° for the decomposition of 2 moles of nitroglycerin represents the heat released during the decomposition process, in kJ.

In this context, ΔH° refers to the standard enthalpy change of the reaction, and its magnitude represents the heat energy that is released or absorbed during the reaction. A negative magnitude for ΔH° signifies that the reaction is exothermic and releases heat, while a positive magnitude signifies that the reaction is endothermic and absorbs heat.

So, the decomposition of nitroglycerin is an exothermic reaction. Therefore, the magnitude of ΔH° for the decomposition of 2 moles of nitroglycerin represents the heat released during the decomposition process, in kJ.

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