A small bubble rises from the bottom of a lake, where the temperature and pressure are 8°C and 6.4 atm, to the water's surface, where the temperature is 25°C and pressure is 1.0 atm. Calculate the final volume (in ml) of the bubble if its initial volume was 2.1 ml.
a. 0.070 ml
b. 21 ml
c. 14 ml
d. 42 ml​

The standard reaction entropy of N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g) is -196.3 J/K·mol.

What do you mean by standard reaction entropy?

Standard reaction entropy (ΔS°) is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a chemical reaction at a constant temperature and pressure. It is defined as the change in the entropy of the system when a reaction occurs under standard conditions. The standard state for a substance is its pure form at a pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of 25°C (298 K).

The standard reaction entropy (ΔS°) of a reaction can be calculated using the standard molar entropies (S°) of the reactants and products. The formula to calculate the standard reaction entropy is:

ΔS° = ΣS° (products) - ΣS° (reactants)

To calculate the standard reaction entropy for the reaction: N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g)

S° (N2) = 191.8 J/K·mol

S° (H2) = 130.6 J/K·mol

S° (NH3) = 192.5 J/K·mol

ΔS° = [2(S° (NH3)) - (S° (N2) + 3(S° (H2))]

ΔS° = [2(192.5) - (191.8 + 3(130.6))] J/K·mol

ΔS° = -196.3 J/K·mol

Hence, the standard reaction entropy of N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g) is -196.3 J/K·mol.

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Separation involves dividing a mixture into its components, while purification removes impurities to obtain a pure substance. Purity can be determined through analytical techniques. Additional purification techniques may be employed if needed.

In liquid-liquid extraction, separation occurs by exploiting differences in solubility between the components in two immiscible solvents. Separation focuses on dividing a mixture into its individual components, while purification aims to remove impurities to obtain a single, pure substance.

To determine if the separated compounds are pure, you can use analytical techniques such as chromatography, melting point analysis, or spectroscopy. If the compounds are found to be impure, additional purification techniques can be applied, such as recrystallization, distillation, or chromatography, depending on the nature of the impurities and the physical and chemical properties of the compounds in question.

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The velocity profile of an incompressible fluid flowing down a vertical cylindrical pipe can be derived using the Navier-Stokes equation under certain assumptions. With a pipe length of 6 m, diameter of 5 cm, friction factor of 0.01, and a constant flow rate of 3 m³/hr, we can calculate the pressure drop using the given information.

a) To derive the velocity profile of the fluid in the pipe, we can start with the Navier-Stokes equation, which describes the motion of a fluid. Under the assumption of laminar flow and incompressibility, the equation simplifies to:

dP/dz = (32μLQ) / (πR^4)

where dP/dz is the pressure gradient, μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, L is the pipe length, Q is the volumetric flow rate, and R is the pipe radius. By integrating this equation, we can obtain the velocity profile of the fluid.

b) To calculate the pressure drop, we need to convert the flow rate from m³/hr to m³/s. Given that 1 m³/hr is equal to 1/3600 m³/s, the flow rate becomes Q = 3 / 3600 m³/s. By substituting the values of μ, L, Q, and R into the derived equation, we can calculate the pressure gradient. Finally, the pressure drop can be obtained by multiplying the pressure gradient by the length of the pipe (6 m).

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Electron changes their spin to match the spin of proton in the nucleus. Hence, option C is correct.

Wavelength is the distance between identical points (adjacent crests) in the adjacent cycles of a waveform signal propagated in space or along a wire.

21-centimetre radiation, electromagnetic radiation of radio wavelength emitted by cold, neutral, interstellar hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atom is composed of a positively charged particle, the proton, and a negatively charged particle, the electron. These particles have some intrinsic angular momentum called spin.

Hence, option C is correct.

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The rate at which the nitrogen dioxide, NO₂ will effuse is 64 mL/s

This states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass i.e

R ∝ 1/ √M

R₁/R₂ = √(M₂/M₁)

Where

Applying the Graham's law of diffusion equation, we have:

R₁/R₂ = √(M₂/M₁)

82 / R₂ = √(46 / 28)

Cross multiply

82 = R₂√(46 / 28)

Divide both sides by √(46 / 28)

R₂ = 82 /√(46 / 28)

R₂ = 64 mL/s

Thus, nitrogen dioxide, NO₂ will effuse at 64 mL/s

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In summary, chloroform would be the most soluble in water, followed by sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and argon in decreasing order of solubility.

The term "soluble" refers to a substance's ability to dissolve in a solvent, which in this case is water. When considering solubility in water, we need to consider the polarity of the substances. Polar substances are more likely to dissolve in water than nonpolar substances.

In this case, the most soluble substance in water would be the one with the highest polarity. Chloroform has a polarity of 1.15 d, making it the most polar substance on the list and therefore the most soluble in water. Sulfur dioxide has a polarity of 1.62 d, making it more polar than carbon monoxide and argon, but less polar than chloroform. Argon and carbon monoxide both have polarities of 0, meaning they are nonpolar substances and will not dissolve well in water.

In summary, chloroform would be the most soluble in water, followed by sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and argon in decreasing order of solubility.

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Answer: B

Explanation:

Due to Incomplete combustion, a candle produces a yellow flame and due to complete combustion, an LPG burner produces a blue flame.

A candle is made of wax, which does not burn completely. As a result, candles have partial combustion, which gives them their yellow color. On the other hand, LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas), burns at approx. around 1,960°C temperature. Hence, LPG burners have complete combustion, giving them their blue color.

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Answer:

Kinetic energy, form of energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion.

Explanation:

a shorter one

Answer:

is the energy of a body due to its motion pls mark me us briansit it means lot to me follow for more answer

If you then increase the intensity of the 4.5 eV light, you will notice that the photons would come off at higher speeds.

Light intensity refers to the strength or amount of light produced by a specific lamp source.

Intensity of light measures of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source.

Mathematically, the intensity of light source is given as;

I = P/A

where;

Increasing the light intensity (photon energy per second per unit area) increases the rate at which electrons leave the metal, and the electrons have more kinetic energy.

Thus,  if you then increase the intensity of the 4.5 eV light, you will notice that the photons would come off at higher speeds.

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Answer:

2

Explanation:

Electron

Answer:

+

2

N

a

N

O

3

Moles of Lead(II) Nitrate =

m

a

s

s

/

m

o

l

a

r

m

a

s

s

= 25.0 grams//(207.20 xx 1 + 14.01 xx 2 + 16 xx 6

= 25.0 grams//331.22

= 0.075 moles

Moles of Sodium Iodide

= 15//(22.99+126.9)

= 15//149.89

= 0.100 Moles

Limiting Reagent in this case is Lead(II) Nitrate

Ratio of Moles of Lead Nitrate to Sodium Nitrate

1:2

Ratio of "moles" of lead nitrate to Sodium Nitrate

1

2

=

0.075

x

x

=

2

×

0.075

x

=

0.150

M

a

s

s

/

M

o

l

a

r

M

a

s

s

r

As per the balanced reaction of lead nitrate and sodium iodide, one mole of lead nitrate requires 2 moles of sodium iodide. The number of moles of sodium iodide is 0.1 moles and that of lead nitrate is 0.075. 0.075 moles requires 0.15 moles of NaI but it is deficient. Thus, NaI is the limiting reactant.

A limiting reactant in a reaction is the one with fewer number of moles or insufficient to completely react with the reagents. Thus it determines the yield of the products.

Here the balanced equation of the reaction is:

\(\rm Pb (NO_{3})_{2} + 2NaI \rightarrow 2 NaNO_{3} + PbI_{2}\)

Two moles of sodium iodide is required for one mole of lead nitrate.

The molar mass of NaI = 149.89 g/mol

molar mass of lead nitrate = 333.2 g/mol

Number of moles of 25 g of lead nitrate = 25 /333.2 = 0.075 moles

Number of moles of NaI in 15 g = 15 / 149.89  = 0.10 moles.

The number of moles of NaI required to react with 0.075 moles  = 0.075 × 2 = 0.15 (since one mole need 2 moles of NaI)

We have only 0.1 moles of NaI. Hence NaI is the limiting reactant.

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- The atmospheric pressure in Denver, Colorado, is approximately 0.829 atm.

- The atmospheric pressure in Denver, Colorado, is approximately 627.522 torr.

The atmospheric pressure in Denver, Colorado, is usually about 84.0 kPa. To convert this pressure to atm and torr units, we can use the following conversion factors:

1 atm = 101.325 kPa

1 atm = 760 torr

First, let's convert 84.0 kPa to atm:

Pressure in atm = 84.0 kPa × (1 atm / 101.325 kPa) ≈ 0.829 atm

Therefore, the atmospheric pressure in Denver, Colorado, is approximately 0.829 atm.

Next, let's convert 84.0 kPa to torr:

Pressure in torr = 84.0 kPa × (760 torr / 101.325 kPa) ≈ 627.522 torr

Therefore, the atmospheric pressure in Denver, Colorado, is approximately 627.522 torr.

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After the calculating we have Test statistic: -3.874.

Critical values: -2.086 and 2.086.

To test if the population mean pH of rainwater is equal to 5.4, we can perform a one-sample t-test.

We have the data:

Population mean (μ) = 5.4

Sample mean (x) = 4.7

Sample standard deviation (s) = 0.8

Sample size (n) = 21

Significance level (α) = 0.05

To calculate the test statistic, we can use the formula:

t = (sample mean - population mean) / (sample standard deviation / sqrt(sample size))

Plugging in the values:

t = (4.7 - 5.4) / (0.8 / √(21))

Calculating:

t ≈ (-0.7) / (0.8 / 4.582)

t ≈ -3.874

The test statistic is approximately -3.874.

To find the critical values, we need to refer to the t-distribution table or use statistical software. At a significance level of α = 0.05 with (n-1) degrees of freedom (n = sample size), the critical values for a two-tailed test are approximately -2.086 and 2.086.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

Test statistic: -3.874.

Critical values: -2.086 and 2.086.

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Answer:

molecules gain energ and start to move quickly

Water has highest density at 4∘C. This changes its properties from other simple fluids. When water is heated from 0∘C to 4∘C, the volume of liquid decreases. Thus for this transition, P ΔV is negative.

Answer:

a. Are made of more than one cell.

Explanation:

I majored in Chemistry

Answer:

a. Are made of more than one cell.

Explanation:

The time required for a reaction to reach equilibrium can depend on the value of Kc, which represents the equilibrium constant. The equilibrium constant, Kc, is determined by the concentrations of the reactants and products at equilibrium.

In general, reactions with a larger Kc value tend to reach equilibrium more quickly than those with a smaller Kc value. This is because a larger Kc indicates that the concentration of products is higher compared to the concentration of reactants at equilibrium. As a result, the reaction proceeds more rapidly to reach the point where the ratio of products to reactants matches the value of Kc.

Therefore, among the given options, the answer would be option (c) where Kc is a very large number. In this case, the reaction would require the least amount of time to reach equilibrium.

It's important to note that the actual time required for a reaction to reach equilibrium depends on various factors such as temperature, pressure, and the presence of catalysts. Additionally, the time required for a reaction to reach equilibrium cannot be determined solely based on the value of Kc. However, in general, a larger Kc value suggests a quicker attainment of equilibrium.

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The compounds ranked by their expected lattice energy from greatest to least are: MgF_2, MgCl_2, MgBr_2, MgI_2.

Lattice energy is a measure of the energy released when gaseous ions come together to form an ionic solid. It is influenced by factors such as ion charge and ion size. In general, as the charges of the ions increase, the lattice energy also increases. However, when comparing ions with the same charge, the size of the ions becomes the determining factor.

In the given compounds, the common ion is Mg_2+ (with a +2 charge), while the anions are F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-. Among these anions, fluoride (F-) has the smallest ionic radius, followed by chloride (Cl-), bromide (Br-), and iodide (I-). Smaller ions have a higher charge density, meaning the positive charge is concentrated in a smaller space, leading to stronger attractive forces between the ions.

Therefore, based on ion size, the compound with the greatest expected lattice energy is MgF_2, followed by MgCl_2, MgBr_2, and MgI_2, with MgF_2 having the strongest bond and MgI_2 having the weakest bond.

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L-glucose is the enantiomer of D-glucose. An enantiomer is a pair of molecules that are mirror images of each other but are not superimposable.

L-glucose and D-glucose have the same molecular formula but differ in the configuration of the chiral centers. In this case, the chiral centers are the carbons with four different substituents attached. The term "C-5 epimer" refers to a pair of sugars that differ in the configuration of only one chiral center, which is not the case for L-glucose and D-glucose, as they differ in all their chiral centers.

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The formation of solid magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) by the reaction between chlorine gas (Cl₂) and magnesium metal (Mg) at high temperatures is classified as a synthesis reaction or a combination reaction.

Synthesis reactions involve the combination of two or more substances to form a single product. In this case, chlorine gas and magnesium metal combine to produce magnesium chloride as the sole product.

The balanced chemical equation for this synthesis reaction is:

Mg + Cl₂ ⇒ MgCl₂

Hence, the reaction between chlorine gas and magnesium metal to form solid magnesium chloride indicates a synthesis reaction, as the elements combine to form a compound.

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The properties of ether that don't make it a good solvent are low polarity, low boiling point, and undergo autoxidation over time

Ether, specifically diethyl ether, has some characteristics that limit its effectiveness as a solvent. Firstly, ethers have low polarity, which means they cannot dissolve highly polar or ionic compounds effectively, this restricts their use in dissolving substances like salts and some polar organic molecules. Secondly, ethers have a relatively low boiling point (34.6°C for diethyl ether), which can lead to evaporation and loss of solvent during procedures, particularly when heating is involved.

Additionally, their low boiling point makes them highly volatile and prone to forming explosive peroxides upon exposure to air and light, this poses significant safety concerns during storage and use. Lastly, ethers can undergo autoxidation over time, leading to the formation of potentially hazardous peroxides, these peroxides can be explosive and make ethers more dangerous to handle. Due to these limitations in polarity, boiling point, and safety concerns, ethers may not be the best choice as solvents in various applications.

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The pH of the solution 9.53.

The moles can be calculated as shown below.

1.2 g NaOH * (1 mol NaOH / 40.00 g NaOH) = 0.030 mol NaOH

The new concentration of NH3 and NH4+ after NaOH addition can be calculated as shown below.

NaOH reacts with NH4+ to form NH3 and H2O:

N+ + OH- → N + H2O

Since we have 0.030 mol of NaOH added, 0.030 mol of NH4+ will react:

0.100 M - 0.030 M = 0.070 M N+

0.100 M + 0.030 M = 0.130 M N

Calculate Kb expression for NH3 is shown below.

Kb = [NH4+][OH-] / [NH3]

1.8 × 10^-5 = (0.070)(x) / (0.130)

x = 3.346 × 10^-5 M (concentration of OH-)

The pOH value can be calculated as shown below.

pOH = -log10([OH-])

pOH = -log10(3.346 × 10^-5)

pOH ≈ 4.47

The pH value can be calculated as shown below.

pH = 14 - pOH

pH ≈ 14 - 4.47

pH ≈ 9.53

Therefore, the pH of the solution is 9.53

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Answer:

Amino Acid

Explanation:  

It's part of the Amino group, which are substituted hydrocarbons.

When NH₂  and  COOH  replaces hydrogens on the same carbon atom in a molecule, an Amino acid is formed.

What group is a COOH?

COOH : a Carboxylic Acid group!

Answer:

Why do you need good toothpaste?

Explanation:

Answer:

Do this yourself smh this isnt what the wesite is for

Explanation:

Measurements of fossilized tree rings from the Cretaceous period is a paleoclimate proxy. -database of satellite temperature data,

An animal or plant from a previous geologic era that has been preserved in the Earth's crust as a fossil, remnant, impression, or trace. The main repository for knowledge regarding the evolution of life on Earth is the complex of information preserved in fossils found all across the world.

fossils of dinosaurs discovered in Alberta, Canada. Only a small percentage of extinct species have been preserved as fossils, and often only those with a sturdy skeleton are capable of doing so. A calcareous skeleton or shell is present in the majority of major groups of invertebrate creatures (e.g., corals, mollusks, brachiopods, bryozoans). Other types have silicon dioxide or calcium phosphate shells (both of which are found in the bones of vertebrates).

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To determine which substances exhibit hydrogen bonding among the given options, we need to consider the presence of hydrogen bonded to highly electronegative elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine.

Among the options provided, the substances that exhibit hydrogen bonding are:

1. CH3OH (ethanol): This molecule has a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, allowing for hydrogen bonding.

2. CH3OCH3 (dimethyl ether): Although this molecule contains oxygen, it does not have an available hydrogen atom bonded to oxygen. Hence, it does not exhibit hydrogen bonding.

So, the substances that exhibit hydrogen bonding are CH3OH (ethanol).

Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative atom (such as oxygen or nitrogen) and forms an electrostatic interaction with another electronegative atom in a different molecule or part of the same molecule. In the case of CH3OH (ethanol), the hydrogen atom bonded to the oxygen atom can engage in hydrogen bonding with other electronegative atoms. However, in CH3OCH3 (dimethyl ether), there are no available hydrogen atoms bonded to the oxygen atoms, so it does not exhibit hydrogen bonding.

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Answer:

In chemistry, neutralization or neutralisation is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution.Neutralization reactions are the reaction between acid and base. The products formed are water and salt. It is called so because the acid and base neutralize each other to form water and salt.Hint: The neutralization reaction is the one in which an acid reacts with an equimolar amount of base to give salt and water. The example could be a reaction between any strong acid and a base. The sodium chloride formed is a result of neutralization reaction.

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