A Turing machine is a mathematical model of computation describing an abstract machine that manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules.
What is Turing machine?The Turing machine is based on an infinite memory tape that is divided into discrete cells, each of which can store a single symbol selected from a limited set of symbols known as the machine's alphabet. In addition to having a "state" chosen from a limited set of states, it also has a "head" that is always in front of one of these cells during machine operation.
The head interprets the symbol in its cell at every stage of operation. The machine then writes a symbol into the same cell, moves the head one step left or right, or stops the calculation depending on the symbol and the machine's own current state.
A) It is already known that the single-tape Turing machine is equivalent to the infinitely expandable multi-tape Turing machine. In order to simulate the general Turing Machine M, Turing Machine H, which writes to a tape at most k times, can do the following:
i. For each tape cell, in addition to keeping track of its content, it also keeps track of how frequently the tape cell has been written. If a tape cell has been written to k-1 times, the kth write disables the tape cell by replacing it with a blank and writes the content intended for that cell to a different cell at the bottom of the tape in the same index position.
ii. As a result, if a tape cell is inaccessible, the bottom tape is read at the same position to access the content while also keeping track of how many times it has been written. If the bottom tape is also inaccessible, the process continues to the bottom and so on. Since TM H is equivalent to general TM M in this way and writes to tape at most k times, it is Turing complete.
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Which of the following most accurately describes an institutional conflict of interest?
Answer:
Defined as a situation in which the financial investments or holdings of Stanford University or the personal financial interests or holdings of institutional leaders might affect or reasonably appear to affect institutional processes for the design, conduct, reporting, review, or oversight of human subjects research.
Suppose you have measured the percentage of encryption to be 20% in the original execution. The hardware design group estimates it can speed up the encryption hardware even more with significant additional investment. You wonder whether adding a second unit in order to support parallel encryption operations would be more useful. Imagine that in the original program, 60% of the encryption operations could be performed in parallel. What is the speedup of providing two or four encryption units, assuming that the parallelization allowed is limited to the number of encryption units? Note: using two encryption units can get speedup of 20 on the encryption operation portion that can be parallelized and get speedup of 10 on the operation portion that cannot be parallelized.
Answer:
If 60% of the encryption operations can be performed in parallel in the original program, then adding a second unit would provide a speedup of 20 on the encryption operation portion that can be parallelized. This is because the second unit allows for the parallel execution of the encryption operations, resulting in a reduction of the execution time.
On the other hand, if the parallelization is limited to the number of encryption units, providing four encryption units would provide a speedup of 10 on the operation portion that cannot be parallelized. This is because the addition of two more units would not increase the parallelization of the encryption operations that are not parallelizable.
Therefore, if the goal is to speed up the encryption operation as much as possible, adding a second unit to support parallel encryption operations would be more useful as it would provide a speedup of 20 on the encryption operation portion that can be parallelized.
The addition of a second unit to facilitate parallel encryption operations would be more beneficial if the goal is to accelerate the encryption process.
What are encryption units?If 60% of the encryption processes in the original program can be carried out in parallel, adding a second unit would result in a speedup of 20 for that portion of the encryption procedures that can be parallelized.
This is so that the execution time can be decreased by doing the encryption procedures in parallel using the second unit.
The provision of four encryption units would result in a 10x speedup on the operation portion that cannot be parallelized, however, assuming the number of encryption units is the only constraint on parallelization.
This is so that the parallelization of the encryption processes that cannot be parallelized would not be increased by the addition of two more units.
Therefore, if the intention is to speed up the encryption process, adding a second unit to enable parallel encryption operations would be more advantageous.
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What is the minimum recommended safe distance from an X-ray source?
The four arms of an AC bridge network are as follows: Arm AB: unknown impedance Arm BC: a non-inductive resistance of 7500 Arm CD: a non-inductive resistance of R of 4000 Q in parallel to a capacitor of 0.5 µF Arm DA: a non-inductive resistance of 20000 The supply frequency is 50 Hz and connected across terminals B and D. If the bridge is balanced with the above value, determine the value of unknown Impedance. Select one: O a.7.5 mH O b. 750 mH O c.75mH O d.0.75 mH
The value of the unknown impedance in the balanced AC bridge network is 750 mH.
To determine the value of the unknown impedance, we need to analyze the balance condition of the AC bridge network. In a balanced bridge, the product of the resistances in adjacent arms is equal to the product of the reactances in the other two arms.
In this case, we have a non-inductive resistance of 7500 in arm AB, a non-inductive resistance of R = 4000 Q in parallel with a capacitor of 0.5 µF in arm BC, and a non-inductive resistance of 20000 in arm DA.
For the bridge to be balanced, the product of the resistances in arm AB and arm DA must be equal to the product of the reactance in arm BC and the unknown impedance in arm CD.
7500 * 20000 = (1 / (2πfC)) * R * unknown impedance
Substituting the given values, where f is the frequency (50 Hz) and C is the capacitance (0.5 µF), we can solve for the unknown impedance.
7500 * 20000 = (1 / (2π * 50 * 0.5e-6)) * 4000 * unknown impedance
unknown impedance = 750 mH
Therefore, the value of the unknown impedance in the balanced AC bridge network is 750 mH.
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Please look at the attachments and help me with these questions
Answer:
there are no attachments
Explanation:
Write a function that reads in input from a keyboard and returns a vector of strings. The reading ends when the user types END.
vector getUserStrings();
This function will read input from the keyboard and store each string in a vector until the user types "END".
To write a function that reads input from a keyboard and returns a vector of strings, ending when the user types "END", you can follow these steps:
1. Include the necessary libraries.
2. Create a function called getUserStrings() that returns a vector of strings.
3. Inside the function, create a vector of strings called userStrings.
4. Use a loop to continually read input from the keyboard until the user types "END".
5. Inside the loop, use the getline() function to read the input as a string.
6. Check if the input is equal to "END", if so, break out of the loop.
7. Otherwise, add the input string to the userStrings vector.
8. After the loop, return the userStrings vector.
Here's the code implementation:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
vector<string> getUserStrings() {
vector<string> v;
string word;
while (cin >> word && word != "END") {
v.push_back(word); }
return v; }
int main() {
cout << "Enter words and finally end input with END: ";
vector<string> v = getUserStrings();
cout << "Words entered are" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
cout << v[i] << endl; }
return 0; }
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what device will produce an electrical current when a turbine is used to rotate an iron core wrapped with a coil of wire near a magnet?
A device that will produce an electrical current when a turbine is used to rotate an iron core wrapped with a coil of wire near a magnet is a generator.
A generator is a device that uses electromagnetic induction to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. It operates on the basis of the Faraday Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which states that a current is induced in a conductor that is moving through a magnetic field.
The following components are found in a basic generator:
1) rotating magnetic field 2) rotating armature 3) wires 4) coils 5) commutator 6) brushes
Generators are used in a variety of applications, including power plants, wind turbines, and hydroelectric facilities. They are essential for converting mechanical energy into electricity. They have also been utilized as backup power supplies for homes and businesses.
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A contractor excavates 10,000 m3 soil at moist unit weight of 17.5 kN/m3 and moisture content of 10% from a borrow pit and transports it to a project site. The project has an area of 20,000 m2 to be filled with this compacted soil. If the required dry unit weight and moisture content of the compacted soil are 18.3 kN/m3 and 12.5% (assume there is no soil loss during transportation and compaction), what is the thickness of the compacted soil and how much water needs to be added?
Answer:
Part A
The thickness of the compacted soil is approximately 4.3467 × 10⁻¹ m
Part B
The weight of water to be added is approximately 19886.\(\overline{36}\) kN, the volume of the water added is approximately 2,027.77 m³
Explanation:
The parameters of the soil are;
The volume of sol the excavator excavates, \(V_T\) = 10,000 m³
The moist unit weight, W = 17.5 kN/m³
The moisture content = 10%
The area of the project, A = 20,000 m²
The required dry unit weight = 18.3 kN/m³
The required moisture content = 12.5%
Part A
Therefore, we have;
The moist unit weight = Unit weight = (\(W_s\) + \(W_w\))/\(V_T\)
The moisture content, MC = 10% = (\(W_w\)/\(W_s\)) × 100
∴ \(W_w\) = 0.1·\(W_s\)
∴ The moist unit weight = 17.5 kN/m³ = (\(W_s\) + 0.1·\(W_s\))/(10,000 m³)
1.1·\(W_s\) = 10,000 m³ × 17.5 kN/m³ = 175,000 kN
\(W_s\) = 175,000 kN/1.1 = 159,090.\(\overline{09}\) kN
For the required soil, we have;
The required dry unit weight = 18.3 kN/m³ = \(W_s\)/\(V_T\) = 159,090.\(\overline{09}\) kN/\(V_T\)
\(V_T\) = 159,090.\(\overline{09}\) kN/(18.3 kN/m³) ≈ 8,693.4923 m³
The total volume of the required soil ≈ 8,693.4923 m³
Volume \(V_T\) = Area, A × Thickness, d
∴ d = \(V_T\)/A
d = 8,693.4923 m³/(20,000 m²) ≈ 4.3467 × 10⁻¹ m
The thickness of the compacted soil ≈ 4.3467 × 10⁻¹ m
Part A
The moisture content, MC = 12.5% = (\(W_w\)/\(W_s\)) × 100
\(W_w\) = \(W_s\) × MC/100 = 159,090.\(\overline{09}\) kN × 12.5/100 = 19886.\(\overline{36}\) kN
The weight of water to be added, \(W_w\) = 19886.\(\overline{36}\) kN
Where the density of water, ρ = 9.807 kN/m³
Therefore, we have;
The volume of water, V = \(W_w\)/ρ
∴ V = 19886.\(\overline{36}\) kN/(9.807 kN/m³) ≈ 2027.77 m³
The volume of water, V ≈ 2027.77 m³
: The interior wall of a furnace is maintained at a temperature of 900 0C. The wall is 60 cm thick, 1 m wide, 1.5 m broad of material whose thermal conductivity is 0.4 W/m K. The temperature of the outside surface of the wall is 150 0C. Determine the heat through the wall. Also determine thermal resistance to heat flow.
Answer:
Heat is lost at the rate of 750 J/s or W
The thermal resistance is 1 K/W
Explanation:
interior temperature \(T_{2}\) = 900 °C
wall thickness t = 60 cm = 0.6 m
width = 1 m
breadth = 1.5 m
thermal conductivity k = 0.4 W/m-K
outside temperature \(T_{1}\) = 150 °C
heat through the wall = ?
The area of the wall A = w x b = 1 x 1.5 = 1.5 m^2
Temperature difference \(dt\) = \(T_{2}\) - \(T_{1}\) = 900 - 150 = 750 °C
note that \(dt\) is also equal to 750 K since to convert from °C to K we'll have to add 273 to both temperature, which will still cancel out when we subtract the two temperatures.
To get the heat that escapes through the wall, we use the equation
Q = Ak\(\frac{dt}{t}\)
substituting values, we have
Q = 1.5 x 0.4 x \(\frac{750}{0.6}\) = 750 J/s or W
Thermal resistance \(R_{t}\) = \(\frac{dt}{Q}\)
\(R_{t}\) = 750/750 = 1 K/W
Pleas help. The dimensions of this figure are changed so that the new surface area is exactly 12 what it was originally. What is the new surface area? Enter your answer as a decimal in the box. Answer. Yd²
trevor moves a magnetic toy train away from a magnet that cannot move. what happens to the potential energy in the system of magnets during the movement?
Answer:a
Ieieksdjd snsnsnsnsksks
which type of refrigerant cylinder is gray on the bottom and yellow on the top?
The type of refrigerant cylinder that is gray on the bottom and yellow on the top is commonly known as a "One-Step" cylinder.
These cylinders are designed for use with R-410A refrigerant, which is commonly used in newer air conditioning and heat pump systems. The gray color at the bottom of the cylinder indicates that it is designed for use with liquid refrigerant, while the yellow color at the top indicates that it is designed for use with vapor refrigerant. This helps to prevent accidental mixing of the two forms of refrigerant, which could lead to dangerous situations. One-Step cylinders typically have a capacity of 25 pounds of refrigerant and are made of steel to ensure durability and safety.
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A horizontal force P is applied to a 130 kN box resting on a 33 incline. The line of action of P passes through the center of gravity of the box. The box is 5m wide x 5m tall, and the coefficient of static friction between the box and the surface is u=0.15. Determine the smallest magnitude of the force P that will cause the box to slip or tip first. Specify what will happen first, slipping or tipping.
Answer:
SECTION LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Distinguish between static friction and kinetic friction
Solve problems involving inclined planes
Section Key Terms
kinetic friction static friction
Static Friction and Kinetic Friction
Recall from the previous chapter that friction is a force that opposes motion, and is around us all the time. Friction allows us to move, which you have discovered if you have ever tried to walk on ice.
There are different types of friction—kinetic and static. Kinetic friction acts on an object in motion, while static friction acts on an object or system at rest. The maximum static friction is usually greater than the kinetic friction between the objects.
Imagine, for example, trying to slide a heavy crate across a concrete floor. You may push harder and harder on the crate and not move it at all. This means that the static friction responds to what you do—it increases to be equal to and in the opposite direction of your push. But if you finally push hard enough, the crate seems to slip suddenly and starts to move. Once in motion, it is easier to keep it in motion than it was to get it started because the kinetic friction force is less than the static friction force. If you were to add mass to the crate, (for example, by placing a box on top of it) you would need to push even harder to get it started and also to keep it moving. If, on the other hand, you oiled the concrete you would find it easier to get the crate started and keep it going.
Figure 5.33 shows how friction occurs at the interface between two objects. Magnifying these surfaces shows that they are rough on the microscopic level. So when you push to get an object moving (in this case, a crate), you must raise the object until it can skip along with just the tips of the surface hitting, break off the points, or do both. The harder the surfaces are pushed together (such as if another box is placed on the crate), the more force is needed to move them.
(Tacoma Bridge Failure) Are There Relevant Ethical Issues Or Just 20-20 Hindsight?
Answer:
i have no idea
Explanation:
NO LINKS
what was the main drawback of ford's assembly line
A.)the cars broke down quickly
B.)production of the cars required many hours of labor
C.) The cars required a lot of fuel to run
D.)production was not flexible
Answer:
D. Im pretty sure at least. you're welcome
Hard steering can be caused by
Answer:
Lack of fluid oil – lack of fluid oil in your vehicle, or a fluid leakage, can lead to heavy steering. If there is a lack of fluid oil, or a leak, this can reduce the pressure in the system, meaning the steering wheel does not receive enough supply of fluid to perform freely.
The basal metabolic rate (bmr) is question 1 options: 1) the number of calories needed for daily activities 2) total calories needed per day 3) the rate at which the body burns calories at rest 4) the same for all people
helppppppp plssss Identifying job responsibilities for staff members is an example of which section of the project charter?
project requirements
project objectives
project team
project description
Fill in the blank to output the quotient of dividing 100 by 42. print (100______42)
Answer:
print(100/42)
Explanation:
This is the operand for division in python and some other languages.
A well-insulated heat exchanger has one line with 2 kg/s of air at 125 kPa and 1000 K entering, and leaving at 100 kPa and 400 K. The other line has 0.5 kg/s water entering at 200 kPa and 20 °C, and leaving at 200 kPa. Calculate the exit temperature of the water and the total rate of entropy generation?
Answer:
120°CExplanation:
Step one:
given data
T_{wi} = 20^{\circ}C
T_{Ai}=1000K
T_{Ae}= 400kPa
P_{Wi}=200kPa
P_{Ai}=125kPa
P_{We}=200kPa
P_{Ae}=100kPa
m_A=2kg/s
m_W=0.5kg/s
We know that the energy equation is
\(m_Ah_{Ai}+m_Wh_W=m_Ah_{Ae}+m_Wh_{We}\)
making \(h_{We}\) the subject of formula we have
\(h_{We}=h_{Wi}+\frac{m_A}{mW}(h_A-h_{Ae})\)
from the saturated water table B.1.1 , corresponding to \(T_{wi}= 20c\)
\(h_{Wi}=83.94kJ/kg\)
from the ideal gas properties of air table B.7.1 , corresponding to T=1000K
the enthalpy is:
\(h_{Ai}=1046.22kJ/kg\)
from the ideal gas properties of air table B.7.1 corresponding to T=400K
\(h_{Ae}=401.30kJ/kg\)
Step two:
substituting into the equation we have
\(h_{We}=h_{Wi}+\frac{m_A}{mW}(h_A-h_{Ae})\)
\(h_{We}=83.94+\frac{2}{0.5}(2046.22-401.30)\\\\h_{We}=2663.62kJ/kg\)
from saturated water table B.1.2 at \(P_{We}=200kPa\) we can obtain the specific enthalpy:
\(h_g=2706.63kJ/kg\)
we can see that \(h_g>h_{Wi}\), hence there are two phases
from saturated water table B.1.2 at \(P_{We}=200kPa\)
\(T_{We}=120 ^{\circ} C\)
the circuit to the airbag inflation module is connected from the steering column to the steering wheel through which component?
The circuit connecting the airbag inflation module from the steering column to the steering wheel is routed through the clock spring mechanism.
What component allows the connection between the steering column and the steering wheel?The circuit to the airbag inflation module is linked to the steering wheel via a crucial component known as the clock spring mechanism. This component is responsible for enabling the electrical connection between the stationary steering column and the rotating steering wheel. The clock spring consists of a coiled ribbon of wire that can stretch and retract as the steering wheel turns, ensuring a continuous flow of electrical signals to the airbag module.
Its design allows for uninterrupted communication while accommodating the steering wheel's movement. It plays a vital role in maintaining the functionality of the airbag system by facilitating the transfer of important signals and power required for the proper deployment of the airbag during a collision.
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water power corporation wants to begin operations that include the discharge of waste into navigable waters. under the clean water act, the company must install certain equipmentWater Power Corporation wants to begin operations that include the discharge of waste into navigable waters. Under the Clean Water Act, the company must install certain equipment
a. with all deliberate speed after beginning operations.
b. before beginning operations.
c. only on a voluntary basis.
d. only if a regulatory agency challenges the discharge.
The correct answer is: B. before beginning operations.
The Clean Water Act requires that the company install certain equipment before beginning operations in order to ensure that the discharge of waste into navigable waters is done in an environmentally responsible manner. This requirement must be met before operations can begin, meaning that option B is the correct answer.
Option A implies that the company can delay the installation of the necessary equipment, which is not allowed under the Clean Water Act. Option C implies that the company can choose not to install the equipment at all, which is also not allowed. Option D implies that the company can wait until it is challenged by a regulatory agency before installing the equipment, which is also not allowed under the Clean Water Act.The Importance of Complying with the Clean Water Act When Discharging Waste into Navigable WatersThe Clean Water Act is a set of laws in the United States designed to protect the nation’s navigable waters from pollution. It is essential that companies comply with the regulations of the Clean Water Act when discharging waste into navigable waters, as failing to do so can result in serious environmental and health consequences.
When a company wishes to begin operations that include the discharge of waste into navigable waters, it must install certain equipment before beginning operations. This is to ensure that waste is discharged in an environmentally responsible manner. Failing to install the necessary equipment can lead to the contamination of drinking water, the destruction of aquatic wildlife, and other negative environmental effects. Additionally, not installing the necessary equipment can lead to the company being fined, or even facing criminal penalties.
It is also important to note that the Clean Water Act is not a static set of regulations. It is regularly updated to ensure that companies are complying with the latest standards in order to protect the environment. Companies must be aware of any changes to the Clean Water Act and ensure that they are in compliance with the latest regulations.
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Bytecode files are low-level, does this make them executable?
Yes, bytecode files are executable because they contain instructions that can be interpreted and executed by a virtual machine.
However, bytecode files are considered low-level because they are not machine code, but rather an intermediate code that is used to improve portability across different platforms.
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When should an additional vertical cable support a structure to make it more rigid? Can you give an example
When the structure is sagging, additional vertical cable support the structure to make it more rigid.
What are some examples of cable structures?The suspension bridge, the cable-stayed roof, and the bicycle-wheel roof are all examples of highly effective cable structures. Any string or cable stretched freely between two points will take the shape of a catenary, as evidenced by the beautiful arc of the enormous main cables of a suspension bridge.
Cable frameworks are a type of tensioned long-span construction that is supported by suspension cables. The suspension bridge, the cable-stayed roof, and the bicycle-wheel roof are all examples of highly effective cable structures.
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principle of operation of Diacs using the four layers
Answer:
Explanation:
It is a device which consists of four layers and two terminals. The construction is almost the same as that of the transistor. But there are certain points which deviate from the construction from the transistor. The differentiating points are-
There is no base terminal in the DIAC
The three regions have almost the same level of doping
It gives symmetrical switching characteristics for either polarity of voltages
DIAC Diode
A 3-ft-diameter duct is used to carry ventilating air ( , ) into a vehicular tunnel at a rate of 11000 ft3/min. Tests show that the pressure drop is 1.2 in. of water per 1500 ft of duct. What is (a) the value of the friction factor for this duct and (b) the approximate size of the equivalent roughness of the surface of the duct
Answer:
a) Friction factor for this duct = 0.0239
b) ε = 0.006 ft
Explanation:
Given data :
Flow rate = 11000 ft^3 /min
Pressure drop = 1.2 in per 1500 ft of duct
a) Determine the value of the friction factor for this duct
Friction factor for this duct = 0.0239
b) Determine the approximate size of the equivalent roughness of the surface of the duct
ε = 0.006 ft
attached below is the detailed solution to the given problem
what's an air reservoir
B1) 20 pts. The thickness of each of the two sheets to be resistance spot welded is 3.5 mm. It is desired to form a weld nugget that is 5.5 mm in diameter and 5.0 mm thick after 0.3 sec welding time. The unit melting energy for a certain sheet metal is 9.5 J/mm3 . The electrical resistance between the surfaces is 140 micro ohms, and only one third of the electrical energy generated will be used to form the weld nugget (the rest being dissipated), determine the minimum current level required.
Answer:
minimum current level required = 8975.95 amperes
Explanation:
Given data:
diameter = 5.5 mm
length = 5.0 mm
T = 0.3
unit melting energy = 9.5 j/mm^3
electrical resistance = 140 micro ohms
thickness of each of the two sheets = 3.5mm
Determine the minimum current level required
first we calculate the volume of the weld nugget
v = \(\frac{\pi }{4} * D^2 * l\) = \(\frac{\pi }{4} * 5.5^2 * 5\) = 118.73 mm^3
next calculate the required melting energy
= volume of weld nugget * unit melting energy
= 118.73 * 9.5 = 1127.94 joules
next find the actual required electric energy
= required melting energy / efficiency
= 1127 .94 / ( 1/3 ) = 3383.84 J
TO DETERMINE THE CURRENT LEVEL REQUIRED use the relation below
electrical energy = I^2 * R * T
3383.84 / R*T = I^2
3383.84 / (( 140 * 10^-6 ) * 0.3 ) = I^2
therefore 8975.95 = I ( current )
Cell phones require powerful batteries in orde to work effectively. Which activity is best described as an engineering endeavor related to cell phone batteries
Select the correct answer. Which statement best describes a hydrogen fuel cell? A This device uses bioethanol as an additive to power an automobile. B. O C. This device uses photovoltaic cells to capture solar energy and generate electrical energy from it. This device uses fossil fuels to generate heat energy that machines can then convert into mechanical energy. This device converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. O D. E. This device converts the kinetic energy of an electric turbine into electricity based on Faraday's law.
Answer:
Explanation:
The correct answer is "D. This device converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent."
A talks about bio-ethanol fuel.
B is solar.
C is fossil.
E is electricity generation.
Answer:
Explanation:
ans is:
This device converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. O D