(a) Identify the most likely mode of transport across the membrane for substance L. Explain how information provided helps determine the most likely mode of transport.
Answers
Active transport occurs against the electrochemical gradient. It needs energy to move molecules from the lower concentration side to the higher concentration side. The mode of transport is active transport.
-------------------------------------------------
There are three main different types of transport across the membrane
Simple diffusion ⇒ Does not need energy to occurFacilitated transport ⇒ Does not need energy to occurActive transport ⇒ Needs energy to occurActive transport is the transport of molecules that move against the electrochemical gradient, so it does need energy to happen.
Molecules move from the lower concentration side to the higher concentration side of the membrane.
Carrier proteins are in charge of active transport. The needed energy might proceed from the ATP molecules or the membrane's electric potential.
In the exposed example, a scientist wants to determine how substance L enters a cells in a culture.
The cells maintain a 120 mM intracellular concentration of substance L. Varying external concentrations of substance L (10 to 100 mM) in culture medium (Table 1).Table 1. Rate of entry of substance L into mammalian cells in culture
External concentration of substance(mM) Rate of entry of substance L
10 5%
20 25%
30 45%
40 65%
50 80%
60 90%
70 95%
80 100%
90 100%
100 100%
Now, we need to identify the most likely mode of transport across the membrane for substance L, and explain how information provided helps determine the most likely mode of transport.
We know that the intracellular concentration is 120mM.
As we can see, this concentration exceeds all of the culture media concentrations. Yet, the substance keep moving into the cell.
As the concentration inside the cell is always higher than the concentration outside, we can assume that this is not passive transport because the molecule transport is going against its concentration gradient.
Hence, the remaining option is active transport. And as said before, we can see it because the substance keeps crossing the membrane toward the cell interior despite its concentration being higher in the interior of the cell than in the exterior.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Related link: https://brainly.com/question/19098496?referrer=searchResults
Related Questions
The endosymbiotic theory provides an explanation for the origin of chloroplasts. Which trait of chloroplasts supports this explanation?
Chloroplasts do not reproduce.
Chloroplasts rely on proteins that are made by the cell.
Chloroplasts are larger than prokaryotic cells.
Chloroplasts have their own DNA.
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
How is homeostasis maintained?
Answers
Answer: by a series of control mechanisms functioning at the organ, tissue or cellular level.
Explanation: These control mechanisms include substrate supply, activation or inhibition of individual enzymes and receptors, synthesis and degradation of enzymes, and compartmentalization.
apply what you know about cooling rates to explain differences in crystal sizes
Answers
The rate of cooling is inversely proportional to the crystal size. The faster the cooling rate, the smaller is the crystal size and the slower the cooling rate, the larger is the crystal.
Rate of cooling can be defined as the elimination or removal of the high temperature from any object. This removal and be slow and gradual, therefore slow rate of cooling; or it cab quick and instant, therefore, fast rate of cooling.
Crystals are the solid components whose molecules are arranges in a regular fashion, giving it an ideal 3 dimensional pattern. They are symmetrical in nature. The examples of crystals are sugars, salt, etc.
To know more about crystals, here
brainly.com/question/1212769
#SPJ1
list two reasons why algae is good for making renewable fuel.
Answers
Answer:
they can be grown on land that would not be used for traditional agricultural, and are very efficient at removing nutrients from water.
Explanation:
in summer squash, there are two pairs of alleles that determine fruit color. the two genes sort independently. two white-fruited plants are crossed. both parents are known to be heterozygous for both genes. the cross produces the following offspring: 20 green-fruited plants, 58 yellow-fruited plants, and 218 white-fruited plants. (a) based on the observed ratio, which common type of epistasis is operating here? that is, which kind of modified dihybrid ratio most closely fits these data? (b) list the four genotype classes in the offspring and give the corresponding phenotype of each. (c) if a doubly heterozygous white plant is crossed with a green plant, what phenotype ratio would you expect in the progeny?
Answers
Summer squash fruit color is determined by two pairs of independent alleles. The predicted ratio of phenotypes would be 1:2:1 for white, yellow, and green fruit in summer squash, given that the two genes determining fruit color sort independently.
Answer to the following questions are as follows:
(a) Based on the observed ratio of 20 green-fruited plants, 58 yellow-fruited plants, and 218 white-fruited plants, the most closely fitting modified dihybrid ratio is 9:3:4. This indicates that a recessive epistasis is operating here.
(b) The four genotype classes in the offspring and their corresponding phenotypes are:
1. AABB - White-fruited
2. AABb or AAbb - Yellow-fruited
3. aaBB or aaBb - Yellow-fruited
4. aabb - Green-fruited
(c) If a doubly heterozygous white plant (AaBb) is crossed with a green plant (aabb), the expected phenotype ratio in the progeny would be:
1. AaBb - White-fruited (1/4)
2. Aabb - Yellow-fruited (1/4)
3. aaBb - Yellow-fruited (1/4)
4. aabb - Green-fruited (1/4)
Thus, the expected phenotype ratio would be 1:2:1 (white: yellow: green).
To know more about the alleles refer here :
https://brainly.com/question/14206531#
#SPJ11
.............. are also microscopic but are different from other microorganisms
Answers
Explanation:
it can be multicellular microorganisms because it is different form microorganisms pls mark as brainlist
This flower has petals in
groups of three. What type of
plant is it?
A. Monocot
B. Dicot
C. Tricot
D. Tetracot
Answers
Hope this helps(:
Monocots have flower parts in threes or multiples of threes as shown in the flowers to the left.
Organisms stay the same due to evolution, natural selection and artificial selection. true or false
Answers
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Answer:
false, plz dont take my answer down again for no reason
Explanation:
Fertilization involves what 2 cells uniting to form a new human being?.
Answers
Answer:
sperm cell and egg cell are the awnsers
diffusion occurs when molecules______________ and requires ___________.
Answers
Diffusion occurs when molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration and requires no energy.
Diffusion is a process in which molecules of a substance move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until they are uniformly distributed. It is a spontaneous process, which means that no energy is required for the molecules to move during diffusion. Diffusion is driven by the random motion of molecules due to their thermal energy.
Diffusion is an essential process in biology as it allows substances like oxygen and nutrients to move in and out of cells. It is also critical in industrial processes like gas separation, purification of water, and in the manufacturing of semiconductors.
Learn more about diffusion at:
https://brainly.com/question/1998874
#SPJ11
Someone please help me
Answers
The organism that would have the greatest amount of energy stored is the protozoa.
Does the organism at the bottom of the food web have the greatest energy?The organisms at the bottom of the food web (producers) typically have the greatest energy input, as they are the primary source of energy in the ecosystem. They capture the energy from the sun and convert it into organic compounds.
They may not have the greatest biomass or individual energy content compared to higher trophic levels.
Learn more about food web:https://brainly.com/question/30062179
#SPJ1
what is one of the biggest threats to the coral reefs here in the raja ampat archipelago?
Answers
One of the biggest threats to the coral reefs in the Raja Ampat Archipelago is coral bleaching.
What are the biggest threats to coral reefs?The biggest threat to the coral reefs is coral bleaching.
Coral bleaching occurs when corals are subjected to stress factors such as increased water temperatures, pollution, or changes in water chemistry. As a result, the corals expel the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) living within their tissues, causing them to lose their vibrant colors and turn pale or white.
In Raja Ampat, rising sea temperatures due to climate change pose a significant risk to coral reefs. When the water temperatures exceed the corals' tolerance thresholds for prolonged periods, it triggers widespread bleaching events.
Learn more about coral reefs at: https://brainly.com/question/10970167
#SPJ4
What is happening in terms of heat capacity
Answers
Answer:omg
Explanation:
c gvhbnn n
why was it necessary to keep the solution faintly orange during bromination?
Answers
It is necessary to keep the solution faintly orange during bromination due to monitor the reaction and prevent overbromination.
Bromination is a chemical reaction in which an alkene is reacted with the bromine element. It is necessary to keep the solution faintly orange during bromination due to the following reasons:
1. To monitor the reaction: The reaction of bromine with the alkene should be stopped as soon as the first equivalent of bromine reacts with the double bond. Hence, it is essential to monitor the progress of the reaction by observing the color change. When bromine is added to the alkene solution, it forms a reddish-brown color. The reaction between the alkene and bromine occurs, and the reddish-brown color disappears.
So, if the reddish-brown color disappears, the reaction is complete. However, if the reddish-brown color remains, it means that the reaction is incomplete, and more bromine needs to be added to complete the reaction.
2. To prevent overbromination: The color change is due to the depletion of bromine. If excess bromine is added, it will lead to overbromination of the alkene. Overbromination leads to the formation of polybrominated products, which are not desired. Hence, the solution should be faintly orange to prevent overbromination.
Learn more about bromination: https://brainly.com/question/28938775
#SPJ11
1)The ribosome binds to the m RNA and uses tRNAs to translate mRNA into the corresponding amino acid polypeptide sequence.
2)The spliceosome removes introns
3)The primary structure of the polypeptide chain undergoes hierarchical foldings to form the tertiary structure.
4)RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of a gene and initiates transcription
Answers
The correct sequence of events which take place during gene expression will be 4 > 2 > 3 > 1.
The RNA polymerase will first bind to the promoter region of a given gene and then initiates the process of transcription. After this step, the spliceosome performs the function of removing the introns.
In the next step, hierarchical foldings take place in the primary structure of the the polypeptide chain which results in the formation of the tertiary structure of the polypeptide. The ribosome then basically binds the mRNA and then it uses the tRNAs to be able to translate mRNA into the the amino acid polypeptide sequence that it codes for.
To know more about RNA polymerase
https://brainly.com/question/29664942
#SPJ4
A Cowbird lays it's eggs in other bird's
nests. As it's young hatch they fight to
survive along side the host bird's young.
This is an example of
Answers
Answer:
brood parasitism
Explanation:
Answer:
It go
Explanation:
Blood parasol I'm is the answer
What would happen to an ecosystem whose number of predators declined due to over hunting and disease?
Answers
Answer:
nah, too many dam.n coyotes
Answer:
The prey of that animal would increase in population and then end up killing itself over thousands of years by eating all of its sources of food, due to overpopulation.
Explanation:
Without predators to keep the other animals in check, the second-on-the-food chain animal would overrun the area and, due to so many of that animal's kind to feed, it would end up eating all of its food and eventually kill itself.
during winter, what factors can reduce the rate of photosynthesis in evergreens such as pine trees? choose all that apply
Answers
During winter, lack of water, cold temperatures and reduced sunlight reduce the rate of photosynthesis in evergreen trees such as pine trees.
Pine trees are evergreen trees in that they they are green all year as they do not lose their leaves like other trees. This is because is because they have reduced needle-like leaves which they keep all-year round.
Thus, evergreens are able to photosynthesize even in winter when other trees lose their leaves. However, the rate of photosynthesis is greatly reduced because of winter conditions.
These conditions of factors that reduce the rate of photosynthesis include:
Lack of water: during winter, water is scarce because most water freezes to form ice. As water is needed for photosynthesis, the rate of photosynthesis is reduced.Cold temperature: in very cold conditions, water in between the cells of winter evergreen trees can form ice leading to dehydration. They plants compensate for this by closing their stomata to avoid water loss through transpiration. Closing of the stomata prevents the diffusion into the cell of carbon dioxide, thus limiting photosynthesis.Reduced sunlight: sunlight which is needed for photosynthesis is reduced during winter, thus, reducing the rate of photosynthesis.Thus, during winter, lack of water, cold temperatures and reduced sunlight reduce the rate of photosynthesis in evergreen trees such as pine trees.
Learn more about photosynthesis and evergreens at: https://brainly.in/question/3629340
https://brainly.com/question/25928205
Answer:
A) less sunlight B) colder temperatures
Explanation:
1 Test One:
2 Test Two:
3 Test Three:
6. Which hamsters are the parents of the mystery hamster? Include evidence to prove that they are the correct parents.
Answers
The parents of the mystery hamster are either two hamsters with short hair or two ff hamsters. I am confident that this is accurate because using two Ffhamsters as test subjects will result in a ff/long-furred hamster.
Are hamsters healthy pets?Hamsters are regarded as fantastic pets by many people. They don't require a lot of affection, are adorable, cuddly, and fun to hold, and get enough exercise by running round their wheel. These might make a wonderful first pet for some kids.
How long do pet hamsters live?Even though some might live longer, hamsters typically only live up to two years. Top hamster facts include the following: Hamsters are members of the Cricetidae family and there are 24 different kinds. The most common pet breeds are Syrian, Russian Dwarf Campbell, and Roborovski.
To know more about mystery visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30984127
#SPJ1
The correct question is
Which hamsters are the parents of the mystery hamster? Include evidence to prove that they are the correct parents.
Test One
Parent 1: FF
Parent 2: Ff FF
FF
Ff
Ff
Phenotype ratio:
4: 0
short fur: long fur
Test Two
Parent 1: Ff
Parent 2: Ff Ff
ff
FF
Ff
Phenotype ratio:
3: 1
short fur: long fur
Test Three
Parent 1: ff
Parent 2: ff ff
ff
ff
ff
Phenotype ratio:
0: 4
short fur: long fur this is the cart
Which feature involves compression? Select the three correct answers.A. Normal faultsB. Reverse faultsC. AnticlinesD. Mono linesE. Folded mountains
Answers
Three features that involve compression are reverse faults, anticlines, and folded mountains.
Compression refers to the forces that push rocks together, causing them to become compacted and potentially deformed. In the case of reverse faults, the compression causes one block of rock to be pushed up and over the other. Anticlines involve upward folds of rock layers that are caused by compression, while folded mountains are large structures that result from the folding and compression of rock layers over millions of years. None of the options involve compression of normal faults or mono lines.
To know more about anticlines click here:
https://brainly.com/question/25850559
#SPJ11
Which extraembryonic membrane partially originates from tissue that is not part of the three germ layers?.
Answers
Thing which makes up the three germ layers of the chorion. The developing embryo is surrounded by two layers: an amnion that is its deepest layer and a chorion that is its outermost layer.
What are allantois and chorion?The amnion, which is the embryo's innermost layer and covers and protects it, and the chorion, which is the embryo's outermost layer and houses all the other extraembryonic membranes, are separated by the allantois, which is a hallmark of reptiles, birds, and mammals.
The allantois membrane is what?Allantois, an extra-embryonic membrane found in mammals, birds, and reptiles, develops from the hindgut as a pouch or sac. It significantly enlarges in both reptiles and birds between the amnion and chorion membranes to act as a temporary respiratory organ.
To know more about chorion visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/3698743
#SPJ4
what are the 3 uses of ATP?
Answers
Answer: ATP is consumed for energy in processes including ion transport, muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, substrate phosphorylation, and chemical synthesis.
Explanation:
Describe an advantage of reproducing through asexual reproduction.
Answers
Answer:
- The process of asexual reproduction is not in need of a mate which causes the population to grow rapidly and faster than the sexually reproducing population.
in pea plants, purple flowers are dominant over white flowers. two plants, both heterozygous for the gene that controls flower color, are crossed. what percentage will have white flowers?
Answers
In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant over white flowers. two plants, both heterozygous for the gene that controls flower color, are crossed the white flower percentage will be 25%.
In the given question, the allele for a dominant trait is dominant to the purple flower.
The allele for the dominant flower is- P
The two genotypes for the dominant trait- PP
The allele for the white flower is - p
Therefore genotype for recessive trait- pp
The heterogeneous trait will be: Pp
Gene crossing:
If the cross is made between two white flowers that are between Pp x Pp
P p
P Pp Pp
p Pp pp
The probability of a white flower will be 1/4 which means 25%.
To learn more about gene crossing please click on the given link: brainly.com/question/28271189
#SPJ4
which statements best compare the function of an ATP molecule to a DNA molecule
Answers
ATP helps in muscle contraction, active transport, formation of lysosomes, etc., while DNA carries all the genetic information related to an organism.
What do you mean by DNA molecule?The DNA molecule may be defined as the molecule that carries the genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.
ATP delivers energy for chemical reactions in the cell. DNA maintains and communicates the genetic information of organisms.
Therefore, the above statement that best compares the function of an ATP molecule to a DNA molecule.
To learn more about ATP, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/25921566
Habitat loss and fragmentation leads to
A. More Biodiversity
B. Less Biodiversity
Answer Choice:
entence Starter
Answers
Answer:
Effects of Habitat Loss on Biodiversity. Habitat loss is a process of environmental change in which a natural habitat is rendered functionally unable to support the species present. ... In the process of habitat destruction, the organisms that previously used the site are displaced or destroyed, reducing biodiversity.Explanation:
How might diet influence the number of humans that Earth can ultimately support?
Answers
Diet which includes food directly from the source (grain based diet) will increase the number of humans that Earth can ultimately support.
What is Diet?This is referred to as the type of food an organism eats. It is however said that grain based diet is the best.
This is as a result of this type of diet being able to increase the number of humans that Earth can ultimately support. Meat consumption may however cause a decrease in this scenario.
Read more about Diet here https://brainly.com/question/977885
) You've processed two samples using an LDPSA and the grain size histograms are below. Describe the two samples in terms of predominant grain size (sand, silt, clay), sorting, and maturity. Based on this information, which one came from a beach and which one came from a river, and why?
Answers
Sample 1 likely came from a beach due to its dominance of sand, moderate sorting, and absence of silt and clay. Sample 2 likely originated from a river due to its fine-grained nature, poor sorting, and inclusion of silt and clay fractions.
Sample 1: The histogram for Sample 1 shows a predominant grain size in the sand range, with minimal representation of silt and clay. The distribution appears moderately sorted, with a narrow peak in the sand fraction. This suggests that Sample 1 likely originated from a beach environment. The dominance of sand indicates a coarse-grained sediment, typically found on beaches due to wave action. The moderate sorting implies moderate energy conditions at the beach, allowing for some sorting but not complete separation of grain sizes. The absence of significant silt and clay fractions suggests limited transportation and deposition in a marine setting.
Sample 2: The histogram for Sample 2 exhibits a broader distribution of grain sizes, including significant representation of silt and clay fractions. This indicates a fine-grained sediment. The distribution is poorly sorted, with no distinct peak or dominant grain size. These characteristics suggest Sample 2 likely originated from a river environment. Rivers transport and deposit sediments from various sources, resulting in a mixture of grain sizes. The presence of silt and clay suggests longer transportation distances and lower energy conditions compared to beach environments. Poor sorting indicates minimal sorting and mixing of sediments, as seen in river systems.
To learn more about dominance follow the link:
https://brainly.com/question/15434739
#SPJ4
what structural features of alveoli make them an ideal place for gas exchange
Answers
The structural features of alveoli make them an ideal place for gas exchange due to their large surface area and thin walls.
Alveoli are tiny, balloon-like structures found in the lungs. They are surrounded by an extensive network of capillaries, where the exchange of gases takes place. The large number of alveoli in the lungs provides a significantly large surface area for gas exchange to occur. This increased surface area allows for a greater amount of oxygen to diffuse into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be removed efficiently. Furthermore, the walls of the alveoli are extremely thin, consisting of a single layer of epithelial cells. This thinness enables gases to diffuse quickly across the alveolar membrane. The close proximity of the alveolar walls to the capillaries allows for a short diffusion distance, ensuring a rapid exchange of gases. Overall, the combination of the large surface area and thin walls of alveoli maximizes the efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs, facilitating the uptake of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream. This ensures an adequate oxygen supply for cellular respiration and the elimination of waste gases produced by metabolic processes.
Learn more about Alveoli here:
https://brainly.com/question/21341368
#SPJ11
A cat suffering from allergies is brought into your clinic. The owner is not able to afford the treatment option of visiting a specialist in another part of the state and does not want to use traditional allergy medication because he is worried about the side effects, such as liver damage. He asks you if you can recommend any holistic treatments that may help his cat. What would you recommend, and why?
Answers
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Omega-3 fatty acids are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and may help reduce the severity of allergies in cats. You can recommend adding fish oil supplements to the cat's diet or feeding them a high-quality food that contains omega-3 fatty acids.
Probiotics: Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can help improve the gut health of cats. A healthy gut can help strengthen the immune system and reduce the severity of allergies. You can recommend adding probiotic supplements or feeding the cat foods that contain probiotics.
Herbal Supplements: Some herbs may help reduce inflammation and soothe irritated skin in cats with allergies. For example, chamomile, licorice root, and nettle leaf are often used to treat allergic reactions in cats. However, it is important to consult with a licensed veterinarian before giving any herbal supplements to a cat, as some herbs can be toxic to cats.
Environmental Management: Identifying and eliminating the allergen that is causing the cat's allergic reaction is the most effective way to treat allergies. You can recommend that the owner try to identify the allergen and remove it from the cat's environment. For example, if the cat is allergic to dust mites, the owner can try using allergen-proof covers on the cat's bedding and vacuuming frequently to reduce dust mites in the home.
It is important to note that holistic treatments may not be as effective as traditional medication or visiting a specialist. However, they may be a viable option for pet owners who cannot afford other treatments or who are concerned about the potential side effects of traditional medication. Again, I would recommend that the owner consult with a licensed veterinarian to determine the best course of treatment for their cat's specific needs.