(a) Identify ONE component of the sewage that is targeted for removal by primary treatment and ONE component of the sewage that is targeted for removal by secondary treatment. (b) For EACH of the pollutants that you identified in part (a), describe how the pollutant is removed in the treatment process. (c) Explain how sewage treatment plants create the solid waste problem that Dr. Goodwin mentioned in the article. (d) Two common methods of disposing of solid waste from sewage treatment plants are transporting it to a landfill or spreading it onto agricultural lands. Describe an environmental problem associated with EACH of these methods. (e) The final step in sewage treatment is disinfection. Identify ONE pollutant that is targeted during disinfection and identify ONE commonly used
Answers
(a) One component of the sewage that is targeted for removal by primary treatment is suspended solids. Suspended solids refer to any solid particles that are present in the wastewater, including fecal matter, food scraps, and other debris. Primary treatment involves the use of physical processes, such as sedimentation, to remove these suspended solids from the water.
One component of the sewage that is targeted for removal by secondary treatment is biological oxygen demand (BOD). BOD refers to the amount of oxygen used by microorganisms as they break down organic matter in the wastewater. Secondary treatment involves the use of biological processes, such as activated sludge, to remove BOD from the water.
(b) For EACH of the pollutants that you identified in part (a), describe how the pollutant is removed in the treatment process:
(i) Suspended solids: Suspended solids are removed through physical processes, such as sedimentation. In sedimentation, the wastewater is allowed to stand in a basin or tank, and the heavy suspended solids settle to the bottom of the basin, where they can be removed.
(ii) Biological oxygen demand (BOD): BOD is removed through biological processes, such as activated sludge. In activated sludge, microorganisms are added to the wastewater, which consume the organic matter in the water and produce a sludge that can be removed from the water.
(c) Explain how sewage treatment plants create the solid waste problem that Dr. Goodwin mentioned in the article:
Sewage treatment plants create the solid waste problem because the biological processes used to remove pollutants from the wastewater produce a large amount of sludge. The sludge contains a mixture of bacteria, organic matter, and inorganic materials, and it must be removed from the water in order to meet discharge standards. The sludge is typically dried and dewatered, and then it is either transported to a landfill or spread onto agricultural lands.
(d) Two common methods of disposing of solid waste from sewage treatment plants are transporting it to a landfill or spreading it onto agricultural lands. Describe an environmental problem associated with EACH of these methods:
(i) Transporting the sludge to a landfill: One environmental problem associated with transporting the sludge to a landfill is that it can contaminate the soil and groundwater in the area where the landfill is located. Landfills are designed to contain the waste, but leaks can still occur, which can contaminate the surrounding environment.
(ii) Spreading the sludge onto agricultural lands: One environmental problem associated with spreading the sludge onto agricultural lands is that it can contaminate the soil and water resources in the area. The sludge can contain high levels of pathogens, nutrients, and other pollutants, which can harm the plants and animals that rely on those resources. Additionally, the sludge can leach into the soil and groundwater, which can contaminate the water supply.
(e) The final step in sewage treatment is disinfection. Identify ONE pollutant that is targeted during disinfection and identify ONE commonly used chemical for disinfection:
(i) The pollutant targeted during disinfection is pathogens. Pathogens are microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, that can cause disease in humans and animals. Disinfection is used to kill these pathogens in the water before it is released into the environment.
(ii) A commonly used chemical for disinfection is chlorine. Chlorine is added to the water to kill pathogens and other pollutants. However, chlorine can also be harmful to humans and the environment if not used properly.
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Related Questions
1. Why wouldn't bacteria be able to
survive on salted fish? Explain using the
concept of osmosis.
Answers
Salt kills some types of bacteria, mainly by sucking water out of them and this process called as osmosis. Osmosis is refer to as a water passes out of a bacterium so as to balance salt concentrations on each side of its cell membrane. At that time bacteria inside act as hypotonic medium.
What is hypotonic solution?A solution will be hypertonic to a cell if its solute concentration is higher than that inside the cell, and the solutes cannot cross the membrane.
Without water, bacterial also proteins such as enzymes cannot function and generally the cell collapses in on itself.
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Kendrick holds the rubber blue ball halfway up the ramp and releases ir (figure 1).The ball rolls down the ramp and along the floor beyond the end of the ramp. What force caused the ball to roll down the ramp?
Answers
The force that caused the rubber blue ball to roll down the ramp is gravity. When Kendrick held the ball halfway up the ramp and then released it, the force of gravity began to act on the ball and it started to roll down the ramp.
A ramp is an inclined plane that reduces the amount of force required to move an object to a higher level. The force of gravity, which is an attractive force between any two objects in the universe, acts on objects in the direction of the center of the Earth.
This force causes objects to fall toward the ground. When the rubber blue ball was released from the midpoint of the ramp, it began to move in the direction of the force of gravity, which caused it to roll down the ramp. The force of gravity was able to overcome the ball's inertia and caused it to accelerate down the ramp. Once the ball rolled off the end of the ramp, it continued to move forward due to its inertia.
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My dog sandy measured the width of a machine part he made in his lab and told caryl the width was 16.25mm. caryl knew sandy had learned to properly report the correct significant digits. She asked sandy what the uncertainty of his measurements was and sandy correctly said
a). ±0.01mm b). 1.5% c). 4% d) cant tell e). ±0.25mm
Answers
The information which is provided is insufficient to determine the uncertainty in the measurements done by Sandy.
The correct option is option d.
Based on the information which is provided, it is not possible to accurately determine the uncertainty of Sandy's measurement without additional context or knowledge about the measuring instrument's precision or the method used.
Uncertainty in measurements basically depends on factors such as instrument precision, measurement technique, and environmental conditions. To determine the uncertainty, one needs to consider factors beyond the reported value itself. Without specific information about these factors, it is not feasible to determine the uncertainty with certainty.
Hence, the correct option is option d.
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2. Canary and Goldfinch can mate and produce offspring. Unfortunately,
these offspring do not last more than one generation. What is the most
likely explanation for this phenomenon?
• The canary and the goldfinch are ecological equivalents.
The canary and the goldfinch are the same species.
• The canary and the goldfinch are different species.
• The canary and the goldfinch are undergoing convergent evolution.
Answers
Answer:
the Canary and the goldfish are the same species
1. The cestodes or tapeworms have a complex life cycle in which____ are released and pass out of human host in feces. Intermediate host like farm animals become infected via contaminated food and-or water. Humans become host again by consuming ____.
A. proglottids; larvae in undecooked meat
B. fertilized eggs; mature worms in undercooked meat
C. larvae; mature worms in undercooked meat
D. Proglottiids; mature worms in undercooked meat
Answers
Tapeworms have a life cycle in which proglottids are released in feces, farm animals become infected by consuming contaminated food or water, and humans become hosts again by consuming undercooked meat containing larvae. The correct answer to the question is: A. proglottids; larvae in undercooked meat.
The cestodes, also known as tapeworms, have a complex life cycle. In this life cycle, proglottids or segments of the tapeworm are released from the human host and passed out in feces. These proglottids contain fertilized eggs. The intermediate host, such as farm animals, can become infected by ingesting contaminated food or water that contains these eggs. Once inside the intermediate host, the eggs develop into larvae.
Humans can become hosts again by consuming undercooked meat that contains the mature worms. When a person consumes the undercooked meat, the larvae from the meat will develop into mature worms inside their intestines, completing the life cycle of the tapeworm.
The proglottids, containing the fertilized eggs, are released from the human host and passed out in feces. The intermediate host, such as farm animals, become infected by consuming contaminated food or water that contains these proglottids. Humans become hosts again by consuming undercooked meat that contains the larvae. The larvae then develop into mature worms in the human intestines.
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Earth rotates from ___ to ___ (direction N,E,S,W)
Answers
Earth rotates from west to east.
How much oxygen is consumed by fish species
Answers
Answer:
This is not generally realized but is vital when designing aeration systems for growing on warm water species. Most research indicates that trout consume around 200 – 250 mg O2/kg/hour. I regularly record carp consuming three times as much at 700- 800 mg/kg/hour under optimal growing conditions.
Explanation:
Answer: adult fish usually are between 200 and 500 mg oxygen
Ariana walks into the chemistry class on the day of the lab with flip flops, her hair loosely hanging across her face and wearing her favorite oversized hoodie. She is going to use her designer sunglasses as lab goggles- because fashion first! She can’t wait to play with chemicals and fire!
Please explain to Ariana why she is not prepared for the lab, addressing each of the issues above
Answers
Answer:
she is not prepared because she brought unnesasery things
Explanation:
Answer:
ariana needs to wear tight fitting clothes and tie her hair back to avoid getting chemical on them or catching on fire. she needs goggles to properly protect her eyes. she also needs close toed shoes to protect her feet
Explanation:
Electromagnetic waves have different _____ and _____ but the same _______.
Answers
Answer:
Different wavelengths and frequencies but the same speed threw empty space.
Explanation:
Radio waves, television waves, and microwaves are all types of electromagnetic waves. They only differ from each other in wavelength. ... The electromagnetic spectrum includes, from longest wavelength to shortest: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, optical, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma-rays.
True/ False: Most cells within one organism have the same genome (same genes with the same alleles).
Answers
Most cells within one organism have the same genome (same genes with the same alleles) is true statement.
Almost all of a person's body's cells have the same DNA and genes. Different genes are expressed during cell division and growth, resulting in various cell types. The majority of our chemistry is produced by a range of proteins that are produced by those cells and are unique to the cells they form. All cell-based life on earth generally shares the same characteristics.
The genome is made up of all the DNA instructions that are present in a cell. One small chromosome that is found in the mitochondria and 23 pairs of chromosomes that are present in the cell's nucleus make up the human genome. The genome of an individual contains all the information needed for growth and maintenance.
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True statement: Most cells in a single organism share the same genome (same genes with the same alleles).
The total collection of DNA instructions present in a cell makes up the genome. The human genome is made up of 23 pairs of chromosomes that are found in the cell's nucleus and one tiny chromosome that is found in the mitochondria. Everything a person needs to grow and operate is encoded in their genome. One organism's cells largely share the same genome (same genes with the same alleles). Because cell differentiation often only involves epigenetic changes, the aforementioned statement is true for the majority of cells, but not all.
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Please what's the answer
Answers
Answer:
Possibly type o or type a I am really sorry if its wrong.
Answer:
All type ab
Explanation:
What actions can be taken by governments, industry and business to improve air quality ?
Answers
Answer:
Here's what the government can do to tackle air pollution4- Improve industry and municipal waste management. 5- Reduce emissions from household coal and biomass energy systems. 6- Reduce agricultural waste incineration, forest fires and certain agroforestry activities — for example, charcoal production.
activation of c5-c9 results in group of answer choices a. fixation of complement. b. lysis of microbial cells. c. activation of c3. d. phagocytosis. e. inflammation.
Answers
The activation of C5-C9 results in the b. lysis of microbial cells.
When C5 is activated, it cleaves into C5a and C5b. C5b then initiates the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), which is a group of proteins that assemble on the surface of the microbial cell. This complex ultimately creates a pore in the microbial cell membrane, leading to its lysis or destruction. The complement system is a cascade of proteins that work together to eliminate pathogens and damaged cells from the body.
The activation of C5-C9 is a crucial step in the complement pathway that leads to the destruction of microbial cells. Fixation of complement, activation of C3, phagocytosis, and inflammation are also important processes in the complement pathway, but they are not directly related to the activation of C5-C9 and the resulting lysis of microbial cells. In summary, the activation of C5-C9 results in the lysis of microbial cells, which is a key mechanism in the body's defense against pathogens.
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Wolves are vertebrates because they are chordates with a backbone. Based on their evolutionary lineage, which of these characteristics is most likely true
of wolves?
• A. They have amniotic eggs.
• B. The have two germ layers.
• C. They have radial symmetry.
• D. They have opposable thumbs.
Answers
Based on their evolutionary lineage, the most likely characteristic to be true of wolves is that they have amniotic eggs (option A).
Wolves belong to the class Mammalia, which is characterized by the presence of amniotic eggs during development. Amniotic eggs are a key feature of mammals and many other vertebrates, providing protection and nourishment to the developing embryo. Option B, having two germ layers, is not specific to wolves and applies to a broader range of organisms. Option C, radial symmetry, is not applicable to wolves as they exhibit bilateral symmetry. Option D, having opposable thumbs, is a specific trait found in some primates but not in wolves.
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How do intracellular communication and intercellular communication differ?
a. Intercellular communication involves moving a molecule within a cell.
b. Intracellular communication in within a single cell
c. Intercellular communication involves passing an electrical charge through plasmodesmata.
d. Intracellular communication occurs between two different cells.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is B
Answer:
B
Explanation:
What is the main reason why many nuclear power plants are located near bodies of water?
to wash wastes out of the power plant
to be close to shipping lanes for frequent fuel delivery
to have easy access to a coolant for the reactor
to avoid problems with water supply during a drought
Answers
Answer:
IT would be The Third Option TO have easy access to a coolant for the reactor
Explanation:
It wouldnt be the first one bc nuclear plants wastes are gasses
it wouldnt be 2 bc nuclear plants dont need to be anywhere near a road its just easier travel for workers and supplies
Answer:
The answer is C
How may an enzyme’s function be regulated?
Answers
“Some viruses are programmed to reproduce by identifying bacteria, killing them, and assembling new viruses.viruses do not eat the bacteria and do not grow after they are made. Viruses are not alive. Explain two reasons why.”
Answers
1. Viruses cannot reproduce on their own: Unlike living organisms, viruses cannot reproduce on their own. They need to infect a host cell and hijack the host cell's machinery in order to replicate themselves. Once they have infected a host cell, they use the cell's energy and resources to create new copies of themselves. However, they do not have the ability to reproduce outside of a host cell.
2. Viruses do not have the ability to carry out metabolic processes: Living organisms carry out metabolic processes, such as respiration and digestion, in order to obtain energy and nutrients. Viruses do not have the ability to carry out these processes on their own. They rely entirely on the host cell to provide them with energy and nutrients. In fact, viruses do not even have the necessary machinery to carry out these processes. They lack the organelles, such as mitochondria, that are responsible for energy production in living cells.
Q1.
Table 1 shows information about some food components in cow’s milk.
Table 1
Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for a typical adult Energy in kJ 1046 8700
Fat in g 8.4 70.0
Salt in g 0.5 6.0
Calcium in mg 605 1000
Vitamin B-12 in μg 4.5 2.4
(a) How much more milk would a typical adult have to drink to get their RDA for calcium compared with the amount of milk needed to get their RDA for vitamin B-12?
Please show workings
Answers
A typical adult would have to drink 566.6 cm³ more milk to get their RDA for calcium compared with the amount of milk needed to get their RDA for vitamin B-12
What volume of milk is needed to meet the Recommended Daily Allowance for Calcium and Vitamin B-12?The volume of milk needed to meet the Recommended Daily Allowance for Calcium and Vitamin B-12 is calculated as follows:
RDA for calcium = 1000 mg
500 cm³ of milk contains 600 mg
Volume of milk required for RDA calcium = 1000 * 500 / 600
Volume of milk required for RDA calcium = 833.3 cm³
RDA for Vitamin B-12 = 2.4 µg
500 cm³ of milk contains 4.5 µg
Volume of milk required for RDA Vitamin B-12 = 2.4 * 500 / 4.5
Volume of milk required for RDA Vitamin B-12 = 266.7 cm³
Difference between the Volume of milk required for RDA calcium and RDA Vitamin B-12 = 833.3 cm³ - 266.7 cm³ = 566.6 cm³
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How do major geologic events help build Earth’s timeline?
Answers
A student compared these diagrams. The student found that each of these organisms had a heart to pump
blood. Which statement is supported by the student's findings
Answers
Answer:
The student found that each of these organisms had a heart to pump blood.
in the figure, species a through f are found among four communities, with the number of circles representing their abundance. which community has the highest diversity?
Answers
In the given scenario, Community C has the highest diversity.
Diversity in a community can be measured by the number of species present as well as their relative abundance. In this figure, we can see that community C has the highest number of species present, with six different species represented.
Furthermore, the abundance of these species is relatively balanced, with no single species dominating the community. This balance of abundance is a characteristic of high diversity since it indicates that many different species can coexist and contribute to the overall functioning of the ecosystem.
In contrast, communities A and D have lower diversity since they only have two and three species present, respectively. Additionally, community B has four species present, but one species is much more abundant than the others, which reduces its overall diversity.
Community E has five species present, but two of those species are much more abundant than the others, which also reduces its overall diversity.
Therefore, based on the number of species present and their relative abundance, community C has the highest diversity.
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A specific type of cell is being studied by a scientist. She notices the cell contains a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane and cell wall. What is the correct classification of this cell?
A prokaryotic animal cell
B. A prokaryotic plant cell
C. A eukaryotic animal cell
D. A eukaryotic plant cell
also can you say a reason why it's that answer
Answers
Answer:
A eukaryotic plant cell
Explanation:
This is the answer because eukaryotic plant cell have nuclei which means more than one nucleus.
Read pls I need answers
Answers
describe 2 ways a fossil could be created
Answers
Answer:
Fossils can be formed by Freezing,Drying
Explanation:
it is a long but interesting process
How does the chemical disequilibrium of ions across the membrane create an electrical disequilibrium
Answers
The inside of cells is slightly negative relative to the extracellular fluid. This ionic imbalance causes the chemical disequilibrium of ions across the membrane create an electrical disequilibrium.
What is Chemical disequilibrium?Chemical disequilibrium is when a solute is more concentrated in one of the two compartments of body than the other. Examples of solutes that exist in chemical disequilibrium state are Sodium, Potassium and Calcium.
What is Electrical disequilibrium?The ionic imbalance or uneven distribution of ions between the ICF and ECF is called Electrical disequilibrium. ECF is more positive, ICF is more negative.
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I need 5 abiotic factors and examples that go along with it
Answers
An abiotic factor is a non-living part of an ecosystem, including its physical and chemical aspects.
Examples of abiotic factors include:
Sunlight: It is the source of energy for plants and affects animal habits.
Temperature: It affects the life of every species, determining where they can exist, afects metabolic reactions and is determinant for the variation of plants and animals.
Atmosphere: It sustains life on earth protecting animals from UV radiation for example.
Humidity: it affects the internal balance of organisms.
Soil: It is a source of nutrients for plants, therefore its composition affects their functions
The depth of a body of water can also be considered an abiotic factor. It affetcs for example the type of species that can live there and it determines the preassure they would have to withstand.
in addition to inheriting a brca1 mutation, what else must happen for a woman to develop breast or ovarian cancer? select all that apply.
Answers
To develop breast or ovarian cancer in addition to inheriting a BRCA1 mutation, multiple factors must be present. These include additional genetic mutations, environmental factors, hormonal influences, and age.
While a BRCA1 mutation significantly increases the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer, it is not the sole determinant. Other genetic mutations, such as alterations in tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, can accumulate and contribute to cancer development. Environmental factors like exposure to certain chemicals or radiation can interact with genetic mutations to further increase the risk. Hormonal influences, such as estrogen and progesterone levels, can also impact the susceptibility to these cancers. The age of the individual plays a role as the risk generally increases with age. Understanding and managing these multiple factors is crucial for individuals with BRCA1 mutations in assessing their cancer risks and implementing appropriate preventive measures.
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Cells are typically
much smaller.
Wich one is it prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Answers
Answer:
eukaryotic!
Explanation:
prokaryotic cells are significantly smaller than eukaryotic cells :)
Answer:
Prokaryotic cell
Explanation:
they are just tiny :)
Why do you think new galaxies are being discovered all of the time?