a) In a Zero-order reaction after 18 months, the drug concentration in the nebulizer is 55 mg/mL. b) In a First-order reaction after 18 months, the drug concentration in the nebulizer is 59.2 mg/mL.
a) For a zero-order reaction, the rate of drug degradation is constant and independent of the drug concentration. Therefore, the rate equation can be written as:
Rate = k
where k is the rate constant.
Using the given data, we can calculate the rate constant as:
Rate = -Δ[C]/Δt = -(75 - 100)/(10 months) = 2.5 mg/ml/month
So, the rate constant (k) is 2.5 mg/mL/month.
The half-life of a zero-order reaction can be calculated using the following equation:
t1/2 = [C0] / (2k)
where [C0] is the initial concentration of the drug.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
t1/2 = 100 mg/mL / (2 × 2.5 mg/mL/month) = 20 months
Therefore, the half-life of the drug in the nebulizer is 20 months.
To calculate the amount of drug left after 18 months, we can use the following equation:
[C] = [C0] - kt
where [C] is the concentration of the drug at time t, [C0] is the initial concentration of the drug, k is the rate constant, and t is the time interval.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
[C] = 100 mg/mL - 2.5 mg/mL/month × 18 months = 55 mg/mL
b) For a first-order reaction, the rate of drug degradation is proportional to the drug concentration. Therefore, the rate equation can be written as:
Rate = k[C]
where k is the rate constant and [C] is the concentration of the drug.
Using the given data, we can calculate the rate constant as:
Rate = -Δln[C]/Δt = ln([C0]/[C])/Δt = ln(100/75)/(10 months) = 0.0301 1/month
So, the rate constant (k) is 0.0301 1/month.
The half-life of a first-order reaction can be calculated using the following equation:
t1/2 = ln(2) / k
Plugging in the given values, we get:
t1/2 = ln(2) / 0.0301 1/month = 23.0 months
Therefore, the half-life of the drug in the nebulizer is 23.0 months.
To calculate the amount of drug left after 18 months, we can use the following equation:
[C] = [C0] × e^(-kt)
where [C] is the concentration of the drug at time t, [C0] is the initial concentration of the drug, k is the rate constant, and t is the time interval.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
[C] = 100 mg/mL × e^(-0.0301 1/month × 18 months) = 59.2 mg/mL
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true or false? an aquarium is divided by a membrane that is not permeable to any ion. if you add 10 mm kcl to one side and 1 mm kcl to the other, the potential difference between the two sides is 58 mv.
This is a false statement. An aquarium is not divided by a membrane that is not permeable to any ion. Such a membrane is called an ion-selective membrane.
If such a membrane were present in the aquarium, the potential difference between the two sides would indeed be 58 mV, according to the Nernst equation. However, in reality, there would be no potential difference because ions would be able to cross the membrane. In fact, many aquariums use ion-selective membranes to maintain a stable environment for their aquatic organisms. The membrane allows for the regulation of ion concentrations and pH levels in the aquarium. So, in summary, the statement is false because an aquarium is not typically divided by a membrane that is impermeable to ions.
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mass is an accurate measure of height TRUE OR FALSE .. FALSE
Answer:FALSE
Explanation:
Answer:
false, mass is the measure of the corpue attrraction on the heart centre
The pressure of x mL of a gas was increased from 2 ATM to 3 ATM at constant temperature what will be the new volume?
Answer:
2/3 xX ml of gas
Explanation:
P1V1= P2V2
2 x X= 3 x y
y (new volume)= 2/3 x
0.66 x will be the new volume when the pressure of x mL of gas was increased from 2 ATM to 3 ATM at a constant temperature.
What is an ideal gas equation?The ideal gas law (PV = nRT) relates to the macroscopic properties of ideal gases. An ideal gas is a gas in which the particles (a) do not attract or repel one another and (b) take up no space (have no volume).
Given:
\(P_1\)= 2 ATM
\(V_1\)= x mL
\(P_2\) =3 ATM
\(V_2\) =?
\(P_1V_1= P_2V_2\)
2 x X= 3 x Y
Y(new volume)= 0.66 x
Hence, 0.66 x will be the new volume when the pressure of x mL of gas was increased from 2 ATM to 3 ATM at a constant temperature.
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Magnesium will...
• Gain 2 electrons and become Mg2-
• Lose 2 electrons and become Mg2-
• Gain 2 electrons and become Mg2+
• Lose 2 electrons and become Mg2+
Answer:
D
Explanation:
magnesium always lose 2 electrons
How to write H12O6 in lewis?
The molecule H₁₂O₆ does not exist in nature. The formula H₁₂O₆ suggests the presence of 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms.
However, such a configuration is highly unstable and does not conform to the principles of chemical bonding and stability. In a typical molecule of water (H₂O), two hydrogen atoms are bonded to one oxygen atom. The Lewis structure for water would represent this bonding arrangement. Each hydrogen atom contributes one valence electron, and oxygen contributes six valence electrons.
The Lewis structure for water would show two lines (representing covalent bonds) connecting the oxygen atom to each hydrogen atom. Additionally, the oxygen atom would have two lone pairs of electrons (represented by dots) surrounding it. It is important to note that the Lewis structure represents the valence electron arrangement in a molecule and provides insight into its bonding and geometry.
However, the Lewis structure alone may not capture the full 3D shape and molecular properties. In the case of H₁₂O₆, the presence of 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms is highly unlikely due to the unfavorable electron configuration and excessive charge repulsion.
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Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with _____.
Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with fractional bond orders.
What is resonance?
Resonance in chemistry, also known as mesomerism, is a means to describe bonding in specific molecules or polyatomic ions by fusing a number of contributing structures into a resonance hybrid according to valence bond theory.
Resonance structure identification guidelines:
Atoms are immobile. Electrons can only be moved in bonds or lone pairs (that are in p orbitals) The system's total fee must not change. A molecule's bonding structure needs to be preserved.
Therefore, Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with fractional bond orders.
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At
what temperature is the charpy impact strength test performed for
gs52 material?
Answer:
The Charpy Impact Test evaluates the impact energy of materials under high strain rates.
The temperature range for which the Charpy impact test is performed for GS52 material is -20°C.
The Charpy Impact Test evaluates the impact energy of materials under high strain rates.
The Charpy Impact Test is typically carried out at low temperature, below the ductile to brittle transition temperature.
The temperature range for which the Charpy impact test is performed for GS52 material is -20°C.
Hence, the Charpy impact strength test is performed at -20°C for GS52 material.
The Charpy Impact Test evaluates the energy absorbed by a standard notched specimen while it is fractured under an impact load. The energy absorbed by the specimen is a measure of its impact strength or toughness under these conditions.
The results of the Charpy Impact Test are expressed in joules (J) or ft-lbf and indicate the amount of energy that the material can absorb before fracturing.
Hence, the Charpy impact strength test is performed at -20°C for GS52 material.
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you have 5.00 l salt solution with a molarity of 2.50 mol/l. how much salt solution with a molarity of 20.0 mol/l can be added into the original solution to create a new solution with the molarity of 5.00 mol/l?
Answer : 625 mL of the salt solution with a molarity of 20.0 mol/L can be added to the original solution to create a new solution with a molarity of 5.00 mol/L.
We can use the formula for calculating the molarity of the new solution: M1V1 + M2V2 = M3V3 where, M1 is the molarity of the first solution, V1 is the volume of the first solution, M2 is the molarity of the second solution ,V2 is the volume of the second solution, M3 is the molarity of the final solution and V3 is the volume of the final solution
Now, we will plug in the given values: M1 = 2.50 mol/LV1 = 5.00 LM2 = 20.0 mol/LV2 = 5.00 mol/L, V3 = 5.00 L. We can rearrange the formula to find V2 as = (M3 V3 - M1 V1) / M2 V2 = (5.00 mol/L x 5.00 L - 2.50 mol/L x 5.00 L)/20.0 mol/LV2 = 0.625 L or 625 mL. So we require 0.625 L or 625 ml salt solution.
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How can a new element be made?
Answer:
You have to change the number of protons in the nucleus. While it is possible, it requires bombarding and putting together elements, which creates high energy particle accelerators.
Methane's chemical formula is CH. Is there a bond between any of the hydrogen atoms? Why or why not? (1 point)
O No, there is not because carbon needs four bonds, so it bonds with each hydrogen atom; hydrogen only forms one bond.
Yes, there is because they form a long chain in order to all have stable outer energy shells.
O No, there is not because it would form H2 instead of methane if hydrogen bonded with itself.
Yes, there is because there are one too many hydrogen atoms for carbon to handle alone, so one hydrogen must bond with another.
Answer:
No, there is not because it would form H2 instead of methane if hydrogen bonded with itself.
Explanation:
from the shape of methane which is tetrahedral it's evident there's no hydrogen bond only C-H bond.
The chemical formula of methane is \(CH_4\) but: C. No, there is no bond between any of the hydrogen atoms because it would form \(H_2\) instead of methane if hydrogen bonded with itself.
A chemical bond is defined as the forces of attraction existing between ions, crystals, atoms or molecules and they are mainly responsible for the formation of chemical compounds.
This ultimately implies that, a chemical bond refers to a force holding two or more atoms together and binding ions, crystals, or molecules together, in order to form a chemical compound.
Methane comprises of an atom of carbon and four (4) atoms of hydrogen.
Basically, hydrogen only shares a single (one) valence electron with carbon but not itself (hydrogen atoms) to form methane because of the \(sp^3\) hybridization.
Hence, there is no bond existing between any of the four (4) hydrogen atoms because it would form \(H_2\) instead of methane (\(CH_4\)), if hydrogen bonded with itself.
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Solve the following problems and show the complete solutions.
1. How many moles of Carbon Dioxide is equivalent to 1.5X1023 atoms of CO2?
2. If you have 5grams of pure Aluminum, (Al), how many atoms does it have? (Al=27)\.
3. If 3 moles Sodium (Na) reacts with exact Chlorine gas (Cl2) in this reaction: 2Na + Cl2 ---> 2NaCl How many mole of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) will be produced?
4. Give the mass percent composition of Potassium, Sulfur and Oxygen in a molecule of Potassium Sulfate: K2SO4.(atomic mass: K=39, S=32).
5. If 162g of Aluminum reacts with 144g of Oxygen gas to form Aluminum oxide, what is the mass percentage of Aluminum?
6. A sample was analyzed and found to contain 40% Carbon. 6.71% Hydrogen and 53.29% Oxygen. If the molecular mass of this compound is 18.16g/mol, what is the empirical and molecular formula of this compound?
The molecular formula of the compound is C6H12O6.
1) We know that;
1 mole of CO2 contains 6.02 X 10^23 atoms
x moles of CO2 contains 1.5 X 10^23 atoms
x = 1 mole X 1.5 X 10^23 atoms /6.02 X 10^23 atoms
x = 0.25 moles of CO2
2) 1 mole of pure Al has 27 g
x moles of Al has 5 g
x = 1 mole × 5 g/ 27 g
x = 0.19 moles
If 1 mole of Al contains 6.02 X 10^23 atoms
0.19 moles of Al contains 0.19 moles × 6.02 X 10^23 atoms /1 mole
= 1.14 X 10^23 atoms
3) From 2Na + Cl2 ---> 2NaCl;
2 moles of Na produces 2 moles of NaCl hence 3 moles of Na will also produce 3 moles of NaCl.
4) The molar mass of K2SO4 is obtained from;
2(39) + 32 + 4(16) = 78 + 32 + 64 = 174 g/mol
Now;
Percentage by mass of K = 2(39)/ 174 × 100/1 = 44.8%
Percentage by mass of S = 32/174 × 100/1 = 18.4%
Percentage by mass of O = 4(16)/174 × 100/1 = 36.8%
5) The reaction equation is;
4Al(s) + 3O2(g) ----> 2Al2O3
Total mass present = 162g + 144g = 306 g
Mass percent of Al = 162g/ 306 g × 100/1 =52.9%
6)
C - 40/12 H - 6.71/1 O - 53.29/16
C - 3.33 H - 6.71 O - 3.33
Dividing through by the lowest ratio
C- 3.33/3.33 H - 6.71/3.33 O - 3.33/3.33
C - 1 H - 2 O - 1
The empirical formula is CH2O
Now;
[12 + 2(1) + 16] n = 180.16
30n = 180.16
n = 180.16/30
n = 6
The molecular formula is C6H12O6.
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Question 1: A new fat-burning pill for men is introduced. To test for effectiveness, 50 men are given the pill and 50 men are given a placebo. After 6 months, the men's body fat percentage is calculated. Identify the control group, the manipulated variable, and the responding variable. Explain how you can identify each.
Answer:
Explanation:
In the scenario that is being described the control group would be the 50 men that have been given the placebo because they are the ones that should not have any effects from the placebo and that is by design. The manipulated variable is the new fat-burning pill because it is the one that the scientists can change and modify to try and achieve the desired results. Lastly, the responding variable are the 50 men who are given the new fat-burning pill because they are the ones that will be responding to the effects of the pill and providing the data needed by the scientists.
Select all of the following molecules that are capable of acting as hydrogen bond donors Group of answer choices Hydrogen fluoride (H-F) Hydrogen bromide (H-Br) Ammonia (NH3) Difluoromethane (CH2F2) Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) Water (H2O) Diethyl ether (CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3) Formaldehyde (H2-C
Hydrogen bonding is a sort of intermolecular bonding that takes place when a hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom, such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.
As a result of the electronegativity difference, the hydrogen atom acquires a partial positive charge, whereas the electronegative atom acquires a partial negative charge. Hydrogen bonds are created between these oppositely charged regions and are weaker than covalent bonds but stronger than van der Waals interactions. The presence of a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor is necessary for hydrogen bonding to occur.
A hydrogen bond donor is a molecule that has a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom and is capable of forming hydrogen bonds, whereas a hydrogen bond acceptor is a molecule that is capable of forming hydrogen bonds with a donor molecule's hydrogen atom. Out of the provided molecules, the following are capable of acting as hydrogen bond donors: Ammonia (NH3)Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)Water (H2O)Formaldehyde (H2-C=O)
In conclusion, molecules capable of acting as hydrogen bond donors are Ammonia, Ethanol, Water, and Formaldehyde.
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What is the formula for S2O5
Answer:
chemical formula
Explanation:
You have learnt about the digestive process in both
humans and ruminants. How would you justify the
changes of components of food in the process of
digestion?
Once chewed and swallowed, the food will be digested and absorbed nutrients, while the rest of the food will be excreted through the body's feces. This digestion process can take about 24-72 hours.
How is the digestive process in humans?The process of digestion of food in humans can be divided into two types, namely mechanical digestion and chemical (enzymatic) digestion. Mechanical digestion is the process of changing food from a large or coarse form to a smaller or finer form. The process takes place in the mouth with the help of teeth and tongue. The mechanical digestion process also occurs in the stomach with the help of peristaltic motion of the stomach wall, so that food is like being stirred. While the chemical digestion process is the process of converting food substances from complex forms into simpler forms with the help of digestive enzymes.
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Explain any differences in the pulse rate at rest and after exercise ( in own words btw^^
Answer:
Pulse rate depends on the activity we do, while exercising theres need of more oxygen so it increases but while at rest body requires less oxygen so low pulse rate.
Which of the following choices has the correct number style to use at the beginning of a sentence? 3/4 of the respondents Three-fourths of the respondents.
When writing a sentence that begins with a numerical value, the correct number style to use depends on the specific style guide being followed. Generally, it is best to spell out the number in words at the beginning of a sentence, especially for numbers that are less than 10.
This is because it makes the sentence easier to read and avoids confusion with other symbols or punctuation marks.
In the case of the given sentence, "Three-fourths of the respondents" is the correct choice for the number style at the beginning of the sentence. This is because the number is less than 10 and it is expressed in words, which is the preferred style for starting a sentence.
Additionally, it is important to be consistent in the use of number styles throughout a document or piece of writing. If a particular style guide is being followed, it is best to adhere to its recommendations for consistency and clarity.
Overall, when writing a sentence that begins with a numerical value, it is important to consider the specific style guide being followed and to choose a number style that is clear and consistent throughout the writing.
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You have dissolved 10 g sodium oxide in 200 ml water.calculate concentration of the solution
Answer:
0.85 Molar Na2O
Explanation:
Determine the moles of sodium oxide, Na2O, in 10 grams by dividing by the molar mass of Na2O (61.98 g/mole).
(10 g Na2O)/(61.98 g/mole) = 0.161 moles Na2O.
Molar is a measure of concentration. It is defined as moles/liter. A 1 M solution contains 1 mole of solute per liter of solvent. [200 ml water = 0.2 Liters water.]
In this case, we have 0.161 moles Na2O in 0.200 L of solvent.
(0.161 moles Na2O)/(0.200 L) = 0.85 Molar Na2O
What is the relationship between heat and the state of matter of a substance? use the graph to answer the question
Answer:
How can gas become a liquard
Explanation:
air filter
First Name * hey can some one help
lexi
Last Name *
tomson
Hour
1
2
3
5
7
8
What is density? *
1 point
How much space something takes up
How many particles are in a given space
How much something weighs
What color something is
If something is more dense, what does that mean? *
1 point
The particles are closer together
The particles are further apart
It weighs more
It weighs less
As the air molecules in the balloon and bottle warmed up what happened? *
1 point
They got closer together
They spread further apart
They didn't change at all
The same principles of molecule movement that occurred in the cups also occurred in the balloon and bottle. (Hint: Did the molecules move the same ways?) *
1 point
True
False
What happened to the bubble seal when the bottle was placed in warm/hot water? *
1 point
It popped
It shrank (got smaller)
It expanded (got bigger)
Answer:
1.VOLUME– The amount of space an object takes up. Basic Unit (SI Unit) for Solids – Cubic Meter, m3. LENGTH/DISTANCE – The measurement between two points.
2.one particle per cubic meter.
3.it means it is heavier
4.In a liquid the particles are still close together but a little further apart than in a solid.
5.In gases the particles are much further apart than in solids or liquids.
Explanation:
thats all i can type lol
What is the percent composition by mass of nitrogen in the compound NH3 (gram-formula mass - 17 g/mol)?
A.18%
B.25%
С.75%
D.82%
HELP ME PLS HURRY I NEED THIS ANSWER ASAP !!!!
Answer:
0.1 im pretty sure
because
All those squares equal to 1
So if we use some good ole division
We get 0.1
what e-cigs emit higher levels of metals (like nickel and silver) than regular cigarettes?
Certain e-cigarette devices with high-power settings and sub-ohm coils can emit higher levels of metals, such as nickel and silver, compared to regular cigarettes.
How do e-cigs emit more metals than regular cigarettes?There is evidence to suggest that certain types of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) can emit higher levels of metals, including nickel and silver, compared to regular cigarettes.
However, it's important to note that the specific metal emissions can vary depending on various factors, such as the design, construction, and use of the e-cigarette device.Research studies have found that e-cigarette aerosols can contain metals such as nickel, silver, lead, chromium, and cadmium, among others.
The levels of these metals can vary significantly between different e-cigarette brands, models, and even individual devices. Some studies have reported higher levels of certain metals in e-cigarette aerosols compared to regular cigarette smoke, while others have found similar or lower levels.
It's worth mentioning that the presence of metals in e-cigarette aerosols can be attributed to several factors, including the heating element used in the device, the composition of the e-liquid, and the temperature at which the device operates.
Certain types of e-cigarette coils or atomizers, particularly those made from low-grade materials or with poor construction, may lead to increased metal emissions.To minimize potential exposure to metals, it is advisable to choose e-cigarette devices from reputable manufacturers and to avoid using low-quality or counterfeit products.
Additionally, following proper maintenance and cleaning procedures for e-cigarette devices can help reduce the risk of metal contamination.
It is important to note that while e-cigarette aerosols may contain higher levels of certain metals compared to regular cigarettes, the overall health risks associated with e-cigarette use are still being studied.
E-cigarettes are generally considered to be less harmful than traditional cigarettes, but they are not without risks, especially for non-smokers and young people. It is always recommended to exercise caution and make informed decisions regarding any form of nicotine or tobacco product use.
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I really need some help on this stuff.
Answer:
The answer is b.
Explanation:
Amorphous solids have two characteristic properties. When cleaved or broken, they produce fragments with irregular, often curved surfaces; and they have poorly defined patterns when exposed to x-rays because their components are not arranged in a regular array. An amorphous, translucent solid is called a glass.
Hope this helps list as brainlest
A student measures out 5 mL of calcium chloride solution into a small container and 5 mL of sodium carbonate solution in another small container. The total mass of both chemicals and the containers they are in is 15.5 g. When the student combined the two clear liquids, a gooey, cloudy precipitate formed. What would the total mass of the products and the two containers be after this reaction took place?
Group of answer choices
15.2 g
15.5 g
31.5 g
Answer:
15.5g
Explanation:
your welcome
In an ionic compound, the negative and positive ions are held together by __________.
Answer:
the third one
Explanation:
5.
Which sentence best describes the relationship between genes and chromosomes?
A.
Genes are found within chromosomes.
B.
Several chromosomes make up one gene.
C.
Genes and chromosomes are the only things that form the nucleus.
D.
Several genes are attached to different parts of the Golgi apparatus.
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Calculate the grams of calcium present in 70 grams of calcium chloride.
Answer:
37.1g of Ca
Explanation:
Hello,
Molecular formula for calcium chloride = CaCl
Molar mass = 40 + 35.5 = 75.5g/mol
Assuming there's one mole of CaCl
1 mole = mass / molar mass
Mass = 1 × 75.5
Mass = 75.5g
75.5g of CaCl contains 40g of Calcium
70g of CaCl will contain x g of Calcium
X = (70 × 40) / 75.5
X = 37.086g
Therefore, 70g of CaCl contains approximately 37.1g of Ca
the pka of phosphoric acid is 7.21. what is the useful buffering range of this acid and its conjugate base? briefly, explain.
To answer your question, the useful buffering range of phosphoric acid and its conjugate base is approximately between pH 6.21 to 8.21.
This is because the pKa of phosphoric acid is 7.21, which means that at pH values below 6.21, most of the acid will be in its protonated form (H3PO4) and at pH values above 8.21, most of it will be in its deprotonated form (H2PO4-). However, within this buffering range, there will be a relatively equal distribution of both the protonated and deprotonated forms,
which allows for the acid-base pair to act as an effective buffer. The buffer capacity is the highest at pH = pKa and decreases as the pH moves away from pKa. The conjugate base of phosphoric acid is H2PO4-, and it acts as the base in the buffer system. In summary, the useful buffering range of phosphoric acid and its conjugate base is between pH 6.21 to 8.21, which allows for the acid-base pair to act as an effective buffer.
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When steel and zinc were connected, which one was the cathode?
Steel
Zinc
☐ neither
both
When steel and zinc were connected, zinc is the cathode. The term cathode refers to the electrode that is reduced during an electrochemical reaction.
The electrons are moved from the anode to the cathode during an electrochemical reaction in order to maintain a current in the wire that links the two electrodes.
According to the galvanic series, zinc is more active than iron, meaning that it is more likely to lose electrons and be oxidized. As a result, when steel and zinc are connected, zinc will act as the anode and lose electrons, whereas iron (steel) will act as the cathode and receive the electrons transferred by zinc.
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