a fly has two alleles for the color of its eyes. the green allele is recessive, and is represented by q. the blue allele is dominant, and is represented by p. if 29 of 100 organisms are green, what is q? homozygous dominant heterozygous homozygous recessive
Answers
To solve this problem, we can use the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation, which states that in a population, the frequencies of alleles remain constant over generations if certain assumptions are met.
The equation is: p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
where:
p is the frequency of the dominant allele (blue allele)
q is the frequency of the recessive allele (green allele)
p^2 represents the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
2pq represents the frequency of heterozygous individuals
q^2 represents the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals
The sum of p^2, 2pq, and q^2 is equal to 1, representing the entire population.
Given that 29 out of 100 organisms are green (homozygous recessive, q^2), we can determine q as follows:
q^2 = 29/100
Taking the square root of both sides:
q = √(29/100)
Calculating q:
q ≈ 0.539
Now, to determine the other genotypes:
p + q = 1 (since p and q represent the frequencies of the two alleles)
We already have the value of q, so we can substitute it into the equation:
p + 0.539 = 1
p ≈ 0.461
So, the frequencies of the genotypes in the population are approximately:
Homozygous dominant (blue): p^2 ≈ 0.461^2 ≈ 0.212
Heterozygous: 2pq ≈ 2(0.461)(0.539) ≈ 0.497
Homozygous recessive (green): q^2 ≈ 0.539^2 ≈ 0.291
Therefore, the approximate frequencies of the genotypes are:
Homozygous dominant (blue): 0.212 or 21.2%
Heterozygous: 0.497 or 49.7%
Homozygous recessive (green): 0.291 or 29.1%
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Related Questions
In a Gram stain, one step could be omitted and still allow differentiation between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. What is that step
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In a Gram stain, one step could be omitted and still allow differentiation between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. The step that can be omitted and still allow differentiation between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells in a Gram stain is the alcohol decolorization step.
The decolorization step is the crucial step in the Gram staining technique. In this step, a decolorizing agent such as ethanol or acetone is added. In a Gram-negative cell, the cell wall has a higher lipid content than the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. The decolorization step will dehydrate the thinner peptidoglycan layer of Gram-negative bacteria, thereby rendering the cell wall permeable to the crystal violet-iodine complex.
As a result, the color of the Gram-negative cell will fade due to the removal of the primary stain. On the other hand, the thicker peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria traps the crystal violet-iodine complex, making it harder to remove during decolorization. Therefore, Gram-positive bacteria will retain the primary stain and appear purple under the microscope.
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____________ is a set of proteins that can ultimately destroy invading pathogens by forming membrane attack complexes.
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The complement system is a set of proteins that can ultimately destroy invading pathogens by forming membrane attack complexes.
The complement system is an essential part of the immune response and plays a crucial role in host defense against microbial infections. It consists of a cascade of proteins that interact with each other to eliminate pathogens. When activated, the complement proteins can initiate various immune functions, including inflammation, opsonization (marking pathogens for phagocytosis), and lysis of foreign cells.
One of the key functions of the complement system is the formation of membrane attack complexes (MACs). MACs are formed by the sequential activation of complement proteins, which leads to the insertion of proteins called C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9 into the membrane of target cells. The assembly of MACs creates pores in the cell membrane, disrupting its integrity and causing lysis of the pathogen.
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Who discovered the monomers of nucleic acids?
Phoebus Levene
James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin
Friedrich Miescher
Gerardus Johannes Mulder and Jöns Jacob Berxelius
Answers
Answer:
Phoebus Levene
Explanation:
im took the exam
Answer:
Choice A
Explanation:
A particular antigen is known to have 6 different antigenic determination sites (epitopes).Theoretically, this antigen can stimulate the production ofdifferent types of antibodies:A) 1B) 6C) 100D) Many, many different types
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HELPP
A community of organisms in an ecosystems consists of grass, rabbits and wolves. It did not rain for many months. The lack of water killed the grass in the ecosystem. What effect does the drought have on the wolf population?
A community of organisms in an ecosystems consists of grass, rabbits and wolves. It did not rain for many months. The lack of water killed the grass in the ecosystem. What effect does the drought have on the wolf population?
The rabbit population would increase causing the wolf population to increase.
The rabbit population would decrease causing the wolf population to increase.
The rabbit population would decrease causing the wolf population to decrease.
The rabbit population would increase causing the wolf population to decrease.
Answers
Answer: C) The rabbit population would decrease causing the wolf population to decrease.
Explanation: If there is no food for the rabbits, then they die, and because there are no rabbits, there is no food for the wolves so they die, simple.
Both a man and a woman are heterozygous for freckles. Freckles (F) are completely dominant over no freckles (f). What is the chance that their child will have freckles? Show the genotypes crossed, and the probability of each genotype and phenotype that may result from the cross.
Answers
Answer:
The chances that their child will have freckles equals 75% or 0.75.
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, I was not able to complete the explanation in this box. You will find it in the attached files.
how many total mutations are shown in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene
Answers
The total mutations that are shown in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene are alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes. The ADH gene is a gene that codes for the ADH enzyme, which is involved in the metabolism of alcohol in the liver. The different variants of the ADH gene that are produced by these mutations can affect an individual's ability to metabolize alcohol.
The four mutations in the ADH gene are ADH1B Arg47His, ADH1B Arg370Cys, ADH1C Ile350Val, and ADH7 His271Pro. These mutations can result in different variations of the ADH enzyme, which may have different alcohol-metabolizing abilities.
This variant is more commonly found in individuals of Asian descent. Conversely, individuals who have the ADH1B Arg370Cys mutation have a lower affinity for alcohol, resulting in slower alcohol metabolism. This variant is more common in individuals of European descent.
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the process of __________ is responsible for healing the damaged or worn out cells in our body. (pls answer fast!!)
Answers
Answer:
Mitosis
Explanation:
Mitosis is the process in which new cells are formed from older ones by equational division in which ploidy of the cell (chromosome number) remains the same.
Two brown-eyed parents have a child. The child has blue eyes.
Which term best describes the allele for the child's blue eyes?
O heterozygous
O homozygous
O dominant
O recessive
Answers
The term that best describes the allele for the child's blue eyes is recessive. Thus, the correct option for this question is D.
What is a Recessive allele?A recessive allele may be defined as a kind of allele that when present on its own will not affect the individual. It will only be expressed in the phenotype if two copies of it are present.
According to the context of this question, the brown eye (B) is dominant over the blue eye (b). The parents have genotypes brown-eyed which means they are heterozygous for brown-eye (Bb) and when they interbreed with each other, they produce a blue eyes child which has a recessive allele of (bb).
Therefore, the term that best describes the allele for the child's blue eyes is recessive. Thus, the correct option for this question is D.
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Instructions Design a flyer that can be used to educated people about fertilizers. Your flyer should include:
1. A explanation of what fertilizer is, including an explanation of organic, inorganic, natural, and synthetic
2. A explanation of how to read a fertilizer label
3. A description of fertilizer dangers
4. A description of safe handling practices 5. A short explanation of how using too much fertilizer can cause eutrophication You may make the flyer on your computer or you may hand draw the flyer and scan it or photograph it for submission.
Answers
A fertilizer is used to improve plant growth.
How do you explain the concept of fertilizer and the consequences of its use?Fertilizers are substances that are added to soil to provide essential nutrients that plants need for growth and development. Fertilizers typically contain a combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, along with other micronutrients like calcium, magnesium, and sulfur.
The use of fertilizers has allowed for increased crop yields and improved food production, helping to support the growing global population. However, there are also consequences associated with their use.
One of the main consequences of fertilizer use is the potential for water pollution. When fertilizers are applied to fields, excess nutrients can leach into groundwater or be carried by runoff into nearby waterways.
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Determine how reaction rate (velocity) varies with substrate concentration.
3 categories of Velocity:
1. Rate (velocity) increases
2. Rate (velocity) decreases
3. Rate (velocity) is unchanged
3 Substrate Concentrations:
1. Additional substrate is added when substrate concentration is very high
2. Substrate is added when enzyme is saturated with substrate
3. Additional substrate is added when substrate concentration is low
Answers
The reaction rate (velocity) varies with substrate concentration as follows:
1. Rate (velocity) increases with increasing substrate concentration.
2. Rate (velocity) becomes saturated and remains constant even with additional substrate at high substrate concentration.
3. Rate (velocity) is unchanged at low substrate concentration.
When the substrate concentration is low, the reaction rate (velocity) is limited due to fewer substrate molecules available to interact with the enzyme. As more substrate molecules are added, the rate of the reaction increases because there is a higher probability of collisions between the enzyme and substrate, leading to more frequent enzyme-substrate complex formation.
However, there is a limit to how fast the reaction can proceed. When the substrate concentration becomes very high, all the enzyme active sites become saturated with substrate molecules. At this point, adding more substrate does not increase the reaction rate further. The enzyme is working at its maximum capacity, and the rate (velocity) remains constant. This is known as the maximum velocity (Vmax) of the reaction.
On the other hand, when the substrate concentration is very low, the reaction rate is limited by the availability of substrate molecules. Adding additional substrate at low concentration can increase the reaction rate since there are more substrate molecules available for the enzyme to act upon.
It's important to note that these relationships between substrate concentration and reaction rate are governed by the principles of enzyme kinetics and follow specific mathematical equations, such as the Michaelis-Menten equation.
Understanding how reaction rate (velocity) varies with substrate concentration is fundamental to the field of enzyme kinetics. Enzymes play a critical role in catalyzing biochemical reactions, and their activity is highly dependent on the concentration of substrates. The relationship between substrate concentration and reaction rate is described by kinetic parameters, including the Michaelis constant (Km) and the maximum velocity (Vmax). The study of enzyme kinetics provides insights into the mechanisms of enzyme-substrate interactions, enzymatic efficiency, and the regulation of enzymatic activity. This knowledge has broad applications in various fields, including biochemistry, pharmacology, and medicine.
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Around _____ months of age, children across cultures begin to speak words.
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Around 12 months of age, children across cultures begin to speak words. This is a natural developmental milestone that occurs in all cultures. While the exact words and languages spoken may vary depending on the culture and environment, the explanation for this milestone remains the same.
As children grow and develop, they begin to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge needed to communicate with others through speech.
This is a general milestone observed in children's language development, and it signifies their growing ability to communicate with others in their respective cultures. The specific words and language patterns may differ across cultures, but the process of language acquisition is universal among children.
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Why is the sky blue?
How much does the earth weigh?
How far away is the sun?
Answers
Explanation:
1.Gases and particles in Earth's atmosphere scatter sunlight in all directions. Blue light is scattered more than other colors because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. This is why we see a blue sky most of the time.
2. Earth weighs about 13,170,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 pounds (or 5,974,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kilograms)
3. 94,507,635 miles
tell us how a biome is from the equator
Answers
The ways in which a biome is from the equator is if it is characterized by a warmer and wetter climate.
What is Climate?This is referred to as the weather conditions of an area in general over a long period of time and it is dependent on various types of factors.
Biome which are from the equator are warmer and wetter because the moisture content of warmer air is greater than that of cooler air. They form the world's tropical forests in which regions such as Central and South America possess half of it thereby making it the correct choice.
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cellular respiration
summary
Answers
Answer:
Cellular Respiration is a process in which the cell turns glucose into ATP ( adenosine triphosaphate ) which is the cells energy. ATP is when 3 phosphate groups break apart creating glucose and energy. There are two types of respiration ; Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration. Aerobic Respiration requires oxygen and Anerobic doesn’t. Anaerobic Respiration creates a small amount of the cell’s energy and Aerobic Respiration creates most of the energy used to function.
The first step of Cellular Respiration, regardless of whether it is aerobic on anaerobic, is when the glucose breaks down into a smaller molecule called pyruvate. Pyruvate consists 3 carbon atoms, 3 hydogen atoms, and 3 oxygen atoms. Glucose consists of 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, 6 oxygen atoms. 1 glucose can make 2 pyruvate.
If oxygen is not present after pyruvate is created, the molecule undergoes the first step of anaerobic respiration, which is fermentation. Fermentation is when pyruvate goes though a specific process and creates a small amount of ATP and a byproduct. The byproduct for animals is Lactic acid. The byproduct for bacteria and yeast is ethanol. This is Anaerobic Respiration.
If oxygen is present after pyruvate is created, it enters Aerobic Respirations. Pyruvate is transported to the matrix of the mitochondria, where it starts the Krebs Cycle also known as the ‘Citric Acid Cycle’. The Krebs Cycle was founded by Hans Krebs, a biologist, physician, and biochemist in 1937. The Krebs cycle turns pyruvate into high energy electrons. These electron are then diffused throughout the mitochondria. Diffusion is when some goes from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. The process of diffusion of these electrons is called Chemiosmosis. Then those electrons are transported, by electron carriers to the ETC is the electron transport chain. The ETC transports these electron to the last step of Aerobic Respiration which is ATP Synthase. ATP synthase is basically like a gate. The electrons travel through the gate, and they start to turn like a waterwheel. By rotating they create ATP, which is the whole reason Cellular Respiration takes place. Then the leftover oxygen and electrons are attracted to each other and they combine. They go though a cochair made of proteins. This chaos exists to transports these molecules. The proteins suck the energy from the molecules and then release hydrogen and carbon. Now the oxygen and hydrogen and carbon create water. The whole process of diffusion, chemiosmosis, ETC, ATP Synthase and the creation of water is called Oxidative Phosphorylation.
This is Cellular Respiration.
Explanation:
The gonads produce steroids. The specific steroid-producing organelle in gonad cells is ribosomes. lysosomes. smooth endoplasmic reticulum. mitochondria. contractile vacuole.
Answers
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum are the steroid producing organelle within the gonads.
What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum?The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), an organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, is made up of a network of minuscule disk-shaped tubular membrane vesicles. Lipids like cholesterol and phospholipids, which are required to build new cellular membranes, are synthesised and stored by the SER. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) differs from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), the second fundamental form of endoplasmic reticulum, in that ribosomes, which are found linked to the outer surface of proteins, are absent. Animal and plant cells both display SER.
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3 aboictic factors and there roles in the ecosystem
Answers
Answer:
The abiotic factors in an ecosystem include all the nonliving elements of the ecosystem. Air, soil or substrate, water, light, salinity and temperature all impact the living elements of an ecosystem. I WISH I HELP
during the process of transcription, the information in
Answers
During the process of transcription, the information in: (4) DNA is converted into RNA.
Transcription is the process of formation of RNA from the double stranded DNA. This requires the action of the enzyme RNA polymerase. The process takes place in the nucleus itself and is accomplishes by three following steps: initiation, elongation and termination.
RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid. It serves as the genetic material for very few organisms, particularly for viruses. There can be various forms of RNA. The major ones are m-RNA, r-RNA and t-RNA. The m-RNA is the main primary transcript of the DNA formed from transcription.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.
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The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
During the process of transcription, the information in:
protein is converted into RNA.RNA is converted into DNADNA is converted into protein.DNA is converted into RNA.The diagram represents several stages of the cell cycle.
G,
s
G
M
During the cell cycle, normal cells exit the G1 phase and enter the Go phase where they rest. Typically,
cells will reenter the cycle at G1 prior to going on to S phase. However, abnormal cells such as cancer
cells, may not be allowed to enter the Go phase to rest.
As a result, these cells will most likely -
F. mutate during G2 phase
G. continuously repeat the cycle
H. die after DNA replication
J. fail to complete mitosis
Answers
Abnormal cells such as cancer cells, may not be allowed to enter the G0 phase to rest. These cells will most likely continuously repeat the cell cycle.
What do you mean by Cell cycle?The Cell cycle may be defined as the entire sequence of events happening from the end of one nuclear division to the beginning of the next nuclear division.
The abnormal cell undergoes a repeated cell cycle because they express an enzyme called telomerase that switches the wearing down of chromosome ends.
This happens normally in the cell cycle, and after multiple repeated cycles, such abnormal cell undergoes apoptosis.
Therefore, abnormal cells such as cancer cells, may not be allowed to enter the G0 phase to rest. These cells will most likely continuously repeat the cell cycle.
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Please help me!!! will give brainly to the person that gives me a real answer
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Answer:
The thorns are the most obvious feature of a rose that was created by its adaption to the environment. The thorns are modified leaves which grow out of the stem. The rose adapted to predators who would feed heavily on its foliage or stem by growing thorns
Answer:
The thorns and don't know the other one. The other one might be its leaves but dont quote me
What is the cellular mechanism that occurs at checkpoint 2 in lymphocyte maturation to prevent development of autoreactive lymphocytes. Indicate in your answer that you know when in the lifetime of a human this occurs.
Answers
Checkpoint 2 in lymphocyte maturation refers to the central tolerance checkpoint that occurs in the thymus during T lymphocyte development. This checkpoint is also known as the negative selection or deletion checkpoint. Its purpose is to prevent the development of autoreactive or self-reactive T cells, which could potentially recognize and attack the body's own tissues.
During lymphocyte development in the thymus, T cells undergo a process of maturation and education, where they are screened for their ability to recognize self-antigens without causing an immune response against the body's own cells. This process is crucial for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases.
At checkpoint 2, T cells that recognize self-antigens presented by self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on thymic epithelial cells undergo a negative selection process. The self-antigen recognition triggers a series of cellular mechanisms aimed at eliminating or inactivating autoreactive T cells. This negative selection process ensures that T cells with a high affinity for self-antigens are eliminated or rendered non-functional, reducing the likelihood of autoimmune responses.
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when the organisms of a particular population seek habitats or resources that are unevenly spaced, the distribution of the individuals in the population tends to be .
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Population of organisms seeking uneven distribution tends to be clumping.
Clumping is a population distribution pattern which occurs when the concentration of the resources is at a small area within a huge habitator that leads to an uneven distribution of them over an area or when there is an individual forming social groups.
In clumping multiple organisms of a particular species group together for some beneficial purposes. Presence of an abiotic environment around an organism can also cause clumping.
Some plants that shed their seeds near them or group breeding species, are an example of this population distribution pattern like Oak tree etc
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Experiments Explain the 4 properties of water shown in this picture
Explanation
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soil sample is 25 percent sand, 55 percent clay, and 20 percent silt. Use the following soil texture triangle to determine the type of soil present in this sample.
Clay
Silty loam
Sandy clay
Sandy clay loam
Answers
According to the information we can infer that the type of soil present in the sample is clay.
What is the type of soul in the sample?To identify the type of soil in the sample we have to analyze the graph. In this case we have to consider the percentage of each element (sand, clay and silt). We have to look for the point where the three elements meet and identify the region in which that point is located.
According to the above we can conclude that the correct area is clay. So the correct answer is A. Clay.
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PLEASE HELP ITS ABT A PUNNET SQUARE ILL MARK YOU BRAINLIST
Answers
Answer:C. Yy
Explanation:took it-
how does globalization impact working conditions around the world?
Answers
Globalization impacts working conditions around the world by promoting the exchange of ideas, technology, and resources, leading to increased competition and the spread of international labor standards. It improved productivity and working conditions, but may also lead to job displacement and wage inequality in some regions.
Globalization has had a significant impact on working conditions around the world. As countries become more connected through trade and investment, there is increased competition for labor and resources. This has led to some positive changes, such as improvements in working conditions, wages, and job opportunities. However, globalization has also led to negative consequences, such as the exploitation of workers in developing countries and the loss of jobs in developed countries. In order to ensure that globalization benefits workers around the world, it is important for companies and governments to prioritize fair labor practices and invest in education and training programs to prepare workers for the changing demands of the global economy. The movement of labor forces is one consequence of globalization, and this trend has been going on for decades.
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Figure 1 is a diagram of water molecules at the air-water interface at the surface of a pond.
Based on Figure 1, which of the following best describes how the properties of water at an air-
water interface enable an insect to walk on the water's surface?
Answers
Hydrogen bonds among molecules on the floor of the water offer floor anxiety, which lets in the water floor to deform however now no longer ruin beneathneath the insect.
Water striders are capin a position to stroll on pinnacle of water because of a aggregate of numerous factors. Water striders use the excessive floor anxiety of water and long, hydrophobic legs to assist them live above water. Water striders use this floor anxiety to their benefit via their enormously tailored legs and dispensed weight.
Insects can stroll on water due to a phenomenon known as floor anxiety. This is largely a assets of water (or any liquid) which lets in it to face up to an outside force.
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Please help I’ll give brainliest
Answers
Answer:C
Explanation:
Answer:
magnesium
Hence the name of the element is magnesium?
is that right ?
Use the information below to answer the question following this description:
Maggie read that some plants grow better if the soil is acidic.
#1: She wonders of a plant can really grow when it is exposed to acid.
#2: Maggie thinks that plants she will not grow better when acid is added to the soil.
#3: She puts potting soil in two planting containers and transplants two of her geraniums that seem about the same size into the pots. She puts the pots in the same location so that both get the same sunlight each are at the same temperature and she makes sure they get the same amount of water.
#4: However, Maggie puts a tablespoon of acidic vinegar in the water she gives to one of the plants.
#5: She measures the growth every week for five weeks.
#6: Maggie finds that the plants in the acidic soil had a greater height than those without acid.
QUESTION: Which statement number is describing the independent variable?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
Answers
Answer:
4
Explanation:
it changes the outcome and makes it different from the other plant
Trace the pathway a drop of blood would take from the time it leaves the aorta, to the time it returns to the left ventricle ready to leave the aorta again, describing the chambers and vessels
Answers
A drop of blood would leave the aorta and travel to the systemic circulation, where it would enter the body's tissues to deliver oxygen and nutrients.
What is systemic circulation?All body tissue has a functional blood supply thanks to the systemic circulation. It transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells as well as waste products and carbon dioxide.
The arterial system, which consists of bigger arteries that divide into smaller arterioles, is where blood would first enter from the aorta.
A drop of blood would go through the systemic circulation, the arterial system, capillaries, the venous system, the right atrium, the right ventricle, the lungs, the left atrium, and the left ventricle before returning to the left ventricle and being prepared to leave the aorta once more.
Thus, this is the pathway a drop of that blood would take from the time it leaves the aorta.
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