5. (03.02 LC)
What is the charge on an atom after it gains an electron during the formation of a bond? (5 points)
One positive charge
Two positive charges
Two negative charges
One negative charge

In the provided activity, you are observing the effects of different solutions on the shape of red blood cells. Let's go through each effect and explanation:

Effect of isotonic solution on cell shape:

When an isotonic solution, such as 0.9% NaCl or 5% dextrose, is added to the edge of the coverslip, the red blood cells will not change their shape significantly. An isotonic solution has the same osmolality as the cell, meaning the concentration of solutes in the solution is similar to that inside the cell. As a result, there is no net movement of water across the cell membrane, and the cells maintain their original shape.

Effect of hypertonic solution on cell shape:

When a hypertonic solution, such as 25% NaCl, is added to the edge of the coverslip, the red blood cells will undergo a change in shape. A hypertonic solution has a higher osmolality than the cell, meaning the concentration of solutes in the solution is higher than that inside the cell. In this case, water will move out of the red blood cells through osmosis, from an area of lower osmolality (inside the cells) to an area of higher osmolality (the hypertonic solution). The loss of water causes the cells to shrink and become crenated or wrinkled.

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Answer:

methane

Explanation:

Answer:

36.8%

Explanation:

Ferrous sulfate has the composition 36.8% Fe, 21.1% S and 42.1% O.

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The number of moles of NaF produced in the reaction between sodium bromide and calcium fluoride is 5.35 moles (approx 5 moles).

To determine the number of moles of NaF produced in the reaction between sodium bromide and calcium fluoride when 550 grams of sodium bromide are used, we first need to write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:

2 NaBr + \(CaF_2\) → 2 NaF + \(CaBr_2\)

We can then use the molar mass of sodium bromide and the given mass of sodium bromide to determine the number of moles of sodium bromide:

Number of moles of NaBr = mass of NaBr / molar mass of NaBr

= 550 grams / 102.89 grams/mol

= 5.35 moles

Since the balanced chemical equation tells us that 2 moles of NaBr are needed to produce 2 moles of NaF, the number of moles of NaF produced when 550 grams of NaBr are used is 5.35 moles of NaF.

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The solubility of a gas in a liquid depends on several factors, such as the nature of the gas and the liquid, temperature, and pressure.

According to Henry’s law, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. This means that as the pressure of the gas increases, more gas molecules can dissolve in the liquid. Conversely, as the pressure of the gas decreases, less gas molecules can dissolve in the liquid.

Therefore, out of the four options given, the decreased temperature is the correct answer. Decreased temperature increases the solubility of a gas in a liquid because it reduces the kinetic energy of the gas molecules, making them less likely to escape from the liquid surface. Increased temperature decreases the solubility of a gas in a liquid because it increases the kinetic energy of the gas molecules, making them more likely to escape from the liquid surface. Increased or decreased volume of the gas does not affect its solubility in a liquid, as long as its partial pressure remains constant.

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The compound's molecular formula contains three carbon atoms.

Step 1: The empirical formula CFBrO indicates that there is one carbon atom in the compound.

Step 2: To determine the number of carbon atoms in the molecular formula, we need to find the ratio between the empirical formula mass and the molar mass.

The empirical formula mass is calculated by adding the atomic masses of the constituent elements in the empirical formula:

C = 12.01 g/mol

F = 18.99 g/mol

Br = 79.90 g/mol

O = 16.00 g/mol

Empirical formula mass = (1 x 12.01) + (1 x 18.99) + (1 x 79.90) + (1 x 16.00) = 126.9 g/mol

Next, we divide the molar mass (253.8 g/mol) by the empirical formula mass (126.9 g/mol) to find the ratio:

253.8 g/mol ÷ 126.9 g/mol = 2

This ratio indicates that the compound's molecular formula contains two empirical formula units. Since each empirical formula unit contains one carbon atom, the compound's molecular formula must contain two carbon atoms.

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Answer:

[Ar]\(4s^{2}3d^{7}\)

Explanation:

To write abbreviated electron configurations, begin with the element of interest and work your way down in atomic numbers to the next smallest noble gas.

Write the noble gas symbol in [brackets] and then write the electron configuration as you would normally.

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Answer:

C, Reactants rearrange to form new products

Explanation:

Answer:

Air

Explanation:

It takes up space/ the rest do not

air if you mean elements such as oxygen

Answer:

B-The reaction is endothermic because energy is absorbed during the

reaction

Explanation:

CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2

endothermic means cooling

its decomposition of limestone to calcium oxide (quicklime) and carbon dioxide on heating

byjus

To answer this question we have to usethe ideal gas law:

Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the constant of ideal gases (0.082atmL/molK) and T is the temperature (in Kelvin degrees).

The first step is to convert the given mass of N2 to moles using its molecular mass:

And convert the pressure from mmHg to atm (1atm=760mmHg):

Finally, solve the initial equation for T and replace for the given values:

The temperature of the gas is 539.15K.

Convert this temperature to Celsius by substracting 273.15 to the temperature in Kelvins:

The temperature of the gas is 226°C.

Answer:

1.053 grams of HCl.

Explanation:

1st) It is necessary to make sure that the equation is balanced:

From the balanced equation we know that 1 mole of Al(OH)3 react with 3 moles of HCl.

2nd) With the stoichiometry of the reaction and the molar mass of Al(OH)3 (78g/mol) and HCl (36.5g/mol) we can calculate the grams of HCl that can react with 0.750g:

So, 1.053 grams of HCl can react with 0.750g of Al(OH)3.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms in the ozone molecule (\(O_{3}\)) is angular, which is option b).

The ozone molecule consists of three oxygen atoms bonded together. The central oxygen atom is double bonded to the other two oxygen atoms, forming an O=O-O structure.

Due to this arrangement, the ozone molecule has a bent or angular shape.

The presence of the lone pair of electrons on the central oxygen atom creates repulsion between the electron pairs, causing the two O-O bonds to push slightly away from each other, resulting in an angular molecular geometry.

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The statement that best explains why the polarity of the H₂O molecule differs from the CO₂ molecule is B. The central atom in H₂O has lone pair electrons and the central atom in CO₂ does not.

The bonding in both the cases of Water and Carbon-di-oxide is polar,  that is O-H bond is polar and so is the C-O bond.

In a water molecule (H₂O), Oxygen is the central atom and it has lone pair of electrons. This makes the H₂O molecule asymmetrical and gives rise to polarity.

On the other hand in Carbon-di-oxide, Carbon is the central atom but it doesn't have a lone pair. The absence of lone pair gives rise to linear CO₂ molecules and hence dipole moment of each bond cancels each other. Hence, the bonds O=C=O have bonds canceled.

This makes the polarity of these two molecules to be different. Hence the statement that best explains the polarity of H₂O over CO₂ is B.

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Formation reaction is the formation of 1 mole of product from the constituents of the reactant molecules. The mass of oxygen that must react is 182 gm.

Mass of the substance is the weight while the molar mass of the substance is the addition of the atomic mass of the individual mass of the constituent atoms of the compound or the molecule.

The chemical reaction can be shown as:

\(\rm 4 Al + 3 O_{2} \rightarrow 2 Al_{2}O_{3}\)

From the reaction, it can be said that 3 moles of oxygen are required to produce 2 moles of aluminium oxide, so x moles of oxygen will be required to produce 3.80 moles of aluminium oxide.

Solving for x:

\(\begin{aligned}\rm 2x &= 3.80\times 3\\\\\rm x &= \dfrac{11.4}{2}\\\\&= 5.7\;\rm mol\end{aligned}\)

If 1 mol of oxygen is 32 gm then 5.7 moles of oxygen will be 182.4 gm.

Therefore, option D. 182 gm is the mass of oxygen required.

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Answer:

That is correct. Chemical elements are the fundamental building blocks of matter and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. They are arranged in the periodic table based on their atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. Sodium is an element with the symbol Na, and it is a metal belonging to the alkali metal group. It has a valency of +1, which means it can donate one electron from its outermost shell to achieve stability and form chemical compounds. The atomic number of sodium is 11, and the atomic mass is 22, which is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the atom.

Answer:

Potassium

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

Explanation:

The atom having only one electron its outermost shell must belong to an element in group one of the periodic table.

Having noted that, we proceed to find out what element in group one that has the atom just described in the question.

That atom must belong to an element in the fourth period. The only group 1 element in the fourth period is potassium.

The electron configuration of potassium is;

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

Answer: D

Explanation: The Eukarya differ from the Archea and Bacteria in that their cells are eukaryotic, meaning they contain a membrane enclosed nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles.

Eukarya is different from organisms classified as Archaea and Bacteria because Eukarya have membrane-bound nuclei. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

The type of cell of the organism can be classified into three domains. First is the bacteria which have no nucleus present in cells. Then Archaea have no nucleus in the cells but they have a different cell wall than bacteria. Then Eukarya have a nucleus in them.

The domains of Archaea and Bacteria are both composed entirely of small, single-celled organisms but they also have differences. All are composed of prokaryotic cells, which are nucleus-less cells.  T

All the cells in the Eukarya domain contain their genetic material or DNA within the nucleus. Four classes make up the Eukarya domain: Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, and Protista.

Therefore, the domain of the Eukarya is different from organisms classified as Archaea and Bacteria as Eukarya have membrane-bound nuclei.

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Answer:

ammonium carbonate option e

Potassium hydroxide will have the greatest total ion concentration at 25°C. The correct option is (C)

The total ion concentration is the sum of the molar concentration of all the ions in a solution. A solution of a compound will produce ions when dissolved in water, and the sum of the molar concentration of all the ions is known as the total ion concentration.

Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is a strong base that fully dissociates in water to produce potassium ions (K+) and hydroxide ions (OH-).So, if we add 1.0 mole of KOH to 1.0 L of water, we will obtain a 1.0 molar solution of KOH in which the molar concentration of K+ and OH- will both be 1.0 M.

On the other hand, ammonium carbonate, calcium phosphate, potassium chloride, and iron (II) nitrate will produce fewer ions in solution since they do not fully dissociate, so their total ion concentration will be lower.

Hence, we can say that, when 1.0 mole of the following compounds is added to 1.0 L of water, potassium hydroxide will have the greatest total ion concentration at 25°C.

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The temperature of the solution decreases with the precipitation of solid lead nitrate in the solution.

Therefore, when a saturated solution of lead nitrate prepared at 50°C is cooled to 30°C solid lead nitrate is observed to segregate into the solution. This means that as the temperature decreases, so does the solubility of lead nitrate. The solubility of substances is directly affected by the temperature of the solvent.

The average kinetic energy of the molecules that make up the solution increases as the temperature of the solution increases. The increased kinetic energy allows solvent molecules to break down solute molecules bound by intermolecular interactions. A dissolution process is endothermic if the energy released when a water molecule bonds with a solute are less than the energy used to pull the solute apart.

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As both the ions have charge of +2 the compound formed is PbMg as the like charges will cancel out each other.

An ion is defined as an atom or a molecule which has a net electrical charge. There are 2 types of ions :1) cation 2) anion . The cation is the positively charged ion and anion is the negatively charged ion . As they are oppositely charged they attract each resulting in the formation of ionic bond.

Ions consisting of single atom are mono-atomic ions while which consists of two or more ions are called as poly-atomic ions . They are created by chemical interactions . They are very reactive in their gaseous state and rapidly react with oppositely charged ions resulting in neutral molecules.Ions of opposite charges combine in ionic compounds.

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Answer:

The common application of indicators is the detection of end points of titrations. The colour of an indicator alters when the acidity or the oxidizing strength of the solution, or the concentration of a certain chemical species, reaches a critical range of values.

Answer:

Explanation:

To solve the question above we must first find the pH of the solution using the formula

pH + pOH = 14

pOH = 3.1

So we have

pH + 3.1 = 14

pH = 14 - 3.1

pH = 10.9

Since it's pH is 10.9 the solution is a basic solution since it's pH lies in the basic region.

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By using a sensitive mass balance, it is indeed possible to track the progress of a reaction that generates a gas, so it is True. This is due to the principle of conservation of mass, which states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.

A sensitive mass balance can accurately measure even small changes in mass. By continuously monitoring the mass of the reaction vessel, any increase in mass can be attributed to the production of the gas. This provides a quantitative measurement of the reaction's progress over time.

The sensitivity of the mass balance is crucial in this context, as it allows for the detection of minute changes in mass. The precision of the instrument ensures that the measurements are reliable and can be used to follow the kinetics of the reaction.

This method is particularly useful for reactions that generate gases as one of the products, such as the decomposition of certain compounds or the release of carbon dioxide during fermentation processes.

In conclusion, a sensitive mass balance can be followed to track the progress of a gas-producing reaction by measuring the increasing mass of the reaction vessel, which reflects the production of gas over time.

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Answer:

A. The equilibrium shifts right to produce more SO3 molecules.

Increasing concentration results in an increased amount of effective collisions in turn leading to a higher reaction rate.

Answer:

I'm sure it's Dispersion

Explanation:

Answer:

1. Neutron number = 43

2. Proton number = 34

3. Electron number = 36

Explanation:

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Mass number = 77

Charge of ion = –2

1. Determination of the number of neutron.

Mass number of Se = 77

Atomic number = 34

Neutron number =?

NOTE: Atomic number = proton number

Mass number = Proton + Neutron

77 = 34 + Neutron

Collect like terms

77 – 34 = Neutron

Neutron number = 43

2. Determination of the proton number.

The atomic number of an element is simply defined as the number of protons in the atom of the element. Mathematically,

Atomic number = Proton number

Atomic number of Se = 34

Therefore, the proton number of Se²¯ is 34.

NOTE: The atomic number does not change be it atom, ion or molecule. It remains the same.

3. Determination of electron number.

Charge of ion = –2

Proton number = 34

Electron number =?

Proton – Electron = Charge

34 – Electron = –2

Rearrange

34 + 2 = Electron

36 = Electron

Electron number = 36

There are 43 neutrons, 34 protons, and 36 electrons in the given selenium ion with a (-2) charge.

Explanation:

Given:

A selenium ion with a mass number of 77  and a charge of (-2).

To find:

The number of neutrons, protons, and electrons in selenium ion

Solution:

Charge on the selenium  ion = -2

The atomic number of selenium = 34

Number of protons = Atomic number

Number of protons in selenium atom = 34

Number of protons in selenium ion = 34

Number of electrons in selenium atom = 34

Number of electrons in selenium ion=  34+2 = 36

(anion is formed by gaining of electrons that is why adding two electrons )

The mass number of selenium = 77

Mass number = Number of protons + Number of neutrons

77 = 34 + Number of neutrons in selenium

Number of neutrons in selenium ion = 77 - 34 = 43

There are 43 neutrons, 34 protons, and 36 electrons in the given selenium ion with a (-2) charge.

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At point R in the titration, the species with the highest concentration is \(A^{-}\).

To determine which species has the highest concentration at point R in the titration, we need to consider the nature of the acid-base reaction between the acid (HA) and the base (NaOH).

Initially, at the start of the titration, the acid (HA) is the predominant species in the solution. As the base (NaOH) is added, it reacts with the acid in a neutralization reaction, resulting in the formation of its conjugate base (\(A^{-}\)) and water (H₂O). The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:

\(HA + NaOH \rightarrow A^{-} + H_{2}O\)

Point R in the titration represents the equivalence point, where the moles of acid (HA) is stoichiometrically equivalent to the moles of base (NaOH) added. At this point, the acid has been completely neutralized by the base.

Since the acid has been neutralized, the highest concentration at point R will be of the conjugate base (\(A^{-}\)). This is because the acid (HA) has been converted to its conjugate base by adding NaOH.

Therefore, the correct answer is B) \(A^{-}\).

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