4. Which of the following best describes how LAMARCK would explain giraffes with long necks? A. Long-necked giraffes eat more grass that short-necked giraffes, so their necks grow longer. B. Natural variation in the population produces some longer and some shorter-necked giraffes, and necked giraffes can reach food more easily C. Some giraffes have acquired longer necks by stretching to reach food and passed the trait to the D. Giraffes just started out with long necks and haven't changed.​

Answer:The closer a location is to the equator, the more energy it receives from the sun. Therefore, a location's air temperature is affected by its distance from the equator. The amount of energy from the Sun does not change during El Niño years so there must be some other cause for cooling in New Zealand

Explanation:

Energy from the sun is transferred to Earth’s surface. Some of that energy is then transferred to the air above the surface. The closer a location is to the equator, the more energy it receives from the sun. Therefore, a location’s air temperature is affected by its distance from the equator. The amount of energy from the Sun does not change during El Niño years.

The energy transmits from warmer substances to colder substances. Warmer air transmits energy to cooler currents whereas warmer currents transmit energy to cooler air. In normal years, a warm current passes by New Zealand and warms its air. Something may disturb this current during El Niño years.

Thus, In normal years, a warm current passes by New Zealand and warms its air.

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The type of molecule that is common to all three parts of the cytoskeleton is protein.

The cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of protein filaments that provide structural support and facilitate various cellular processes in eukaryotic cells. It is composed of three main types of protein filaments:

1. Microfilaments (also known as actin filaments): These are thin, flexible filaments made up of the protein actin. Microfilaments are involved in cell movement, cell division, and maintaining cell shape.

2. Intermediate filaments: These filaments are intermediate in size between microfilaments and microtubules. They are composed of various proteins, depending on the cell type. Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength to cells and help anchor cellular structures.

3. Microtubules: These are hollow, tubular structures made up of the protein tubulin. Microtubules serve as tracks for intracellular transport, play a role in cell division, and provide structural support to cells.

Proteins form the fundamental building blocks of the cytoskeleton, and different types of proteins contribute to the formation and function of each component. Therefore, protein molecules are common to all three parts of the cytoskeleton.

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Answer:

Pale leaf spots eventually develop into spore-producing structures called pustules.

The pustules are found most commonly on the lower leaf surface and produce huge numbers of microscopic spores.

Pustules can be orange, yellow, brown, black or white.

In some cases there may be dozens of pustules on a single leaf.

Explanation:

Answer:

Part 1. Process A represents photosynthesis because the solar energy is being transfered to the plant. Part 2. It represents  solar energy being treansferred. Part 3. This process is the recycling of carbon because you can see that photosynthesis, plant and animal respiration, and combustion are all occuring.

Explanation:

Answer:

The plasma membrane is a thin layer of lipid molecules that surrounds the cell and separates the inside from the outside. The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a two-layered structure of phospholipids with embedded proteins. This model explains how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to act as a selective barrier, regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Structure S in the plasma membrane is represented by the phospholipids, which form a lipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outwards and hydrophobic tails facing inwards. The hydrophilic heads are in contact with the extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid while the hydrophobic tails are in the middle of the membrane. The phospholipid bilayer provides a barrier that separates the inside and outside of the cell, restricting the movement of hydrophilic and large molecules through the membrane while allowing the passage of small and hydrophobic molecules.

Structure T represents the integral membrane proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer. These proteins have different functions, such as transport of molecules, cell signaling, and catalyzing chemical reactions. The proteins also contribute to the selective permeability of the membrane by regulating the movement of specific molecules in and out of the cell. For example, channels and carrier proteins regulate the movement of ions and larger molecules through the membrane while receptor proteins receive signals from the outside of the cell and relay them to the inside of the cell.

In summary, the plasma membrane is mainly composed of phospholipids and proteins according to the fluid mosaic model. The phospholipids form a lipid bilayer that acts as a barrier, while the proteins embedded in the bilayer regulate the selective permeability of the membrane by facilitating the movement of specific molecules in and out of the cell.

Explanation:

A. Neither Archaea nor Bacteria have nucloid, as they are procaryotes.

B. Archaea are closer relatives to eukaryotes.

C. Neither Archaea nor Bacteria have ribosomes.

D. Bacteria has a cell wall containing peptidoglycan.

E. Both Archaea and Bacteria have a plasma membrane, as every cell does, to separate the cytoplasm from the medium.

The order of energy changes from smallest to largest is

(a) Reorientation of the spin of an unpaired electron of its heme group in a strong magnetic field (say, 10^7 gauss).

(c) Reorientation of one of its proton spins in a strong magnetic field (say, 10^7 gauss).

(e) Reorientation of the dipolar protein (p - 10^8 D) in an alternating electric field of 30 volt cm^-1.

(g) Excitation of one of the π electrons in one of its tyrosyl residues.

(f) Excitation of the vibration of one of its C=O groups.

(d) Formation of the molecule from separated atoms.

(b) Formation of the molecule from separated nuclei and electrons.

The order of energy changes from smallest to largest is known to follow the nature of the interaction, from small changes in orientation to large-scale structural formation.

The smallest energy changes are usually associated with reorientation of spins (electron or proton) in a magnetic field.

The larger energy change is the reorientation of the molecule in an electric field.

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If Brianna created the model to show DNA replication, then the nucleotides must be used to combine them in a double helix strand and thus generate the configuration of the genetic material.

The  cell process of DNA replication makes reference to the semiconservative mechanism for which nucleotides are added to the new strain during synthesis, which involves the use of enzymes to break DNA.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the cell process of DNA replication involves enzymes to cut DNA strands during this process such as the topoisomerase.

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Yellow perch is a freshwater fish that is generally found in ponds, lakes, and streams. It prefers to live in water bodies that are moderately acidic, and it is tolerant to low dissolved oxygen concentrations.

The optimum temperature range for yellow perch growth is between 20°C and 26°C. As a result, it is commonly found in the Great Lakes region of North America, where temperatures are typically within this range.Mostly, yellow perch prefers water temperatures of 15 to 20 degrees Celsius for breeding.

Additionally, water temperatures that are lower than 4°C or greater than 32°C are harmful to yellow perch, and they may die if exposed to such temperatures. Therefore, it is vital to maintain the ideal water temperature range to support the growth and sustainability of the yellow perch population.

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The example of sensitization from the given alternatives is that 'A dog was hit by his previous owner, and now the dog cowers each time his new owner reaches out to pet him.'

Sensitization refers to the process in which an organism becomes more sensitive to stimuli, both good and bad. It happens when the body's nervous system becomes oversensitized to a particular stimulus that it begins to respond even to weaker or non-threatening stimuli.

The example given in the first option refers to a simple reflex action that occurs in response to the puff of air that is blown into the eyes during the eye examination. The third option is about sensory adaptation, which occurs when sensory receptors are exposed to stimuli for an extended period, resulting in a reduction in sensitivity. The fourth option refers to the fight or flight response that occurs as a result of a threatening stimulus, in which an individual's body prepares to confront or flee from danger.

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Answer:the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.

Explanation:

Brainliest?

Answer:

Survival of the fittest.

Explanation:

Hope this helps.

Photosynthesis is importance :-

1)it is the number one source of oxygen in the atmosphere. ...

2)Green plants and trees use photosynthesis to make food from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water in the atmosphere:

3)It is their primary source of energy

Answer:

Diffusion

Explanation:

Diffusion is a passive process of transport. A single substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space.

Answer: diffusion

Explanation:  

the action of spreading a light from a light source evenly so as to reduce glare and harsh shadows  

i hope thats right if it is have a nice day

Answer:

Transportation is the process that involves the movement of water and necessary nutrients to all parts of the plant for its survival.

Explanation:

Transportation is a vital process in plants. Trees transport all the nutrients and water it needs for survival from its roots to the tips of the leaves.

During mitosis, the doubling of chromosomes ensures that both new cells receive an identical set of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell. Before the actual division occurs, the chromosomes replicate during the S (synthesis) phase of the cell cycle. This replication process ensures that each chromosome is duplicated, forming two identical sister chromatids held together at the centromere.
During mitosis, the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell, ensuring that each daughter cell receives one complete set of chromosomes. This process is essential for maintaining the genetic integrity and stability of the cells. The doubling of chromosomes and their subsequent separation during mitosis guarantees that both new cells inherit the same genetic information as the parent cell, allowing for proper growth, development, and tissue regeneration.

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The factory and the cell both need energy to work. In the factory this energy comes from the Power Plant, and in the cell it comes from the Mitochondria.

They also need management, a place where the orders comes from. The Managers office of a cell is the Nucleus, because inside it we can find the DNA with all of the information the cell needs to function.

The Custodial staff, necessary to keep a factory clean, can be related to the Lysosomes, are they are responsible for destroy invading pathogens with its digestive enzymes.

The Endoplasmic Reticulum is responsible for moving material around the cell, just like the Conveyor belts.

The Shipping room can be related to the Golgi apparatus, as it is responsible for protein transportation and export.

The Storage room is easily related to the Vacuole, as Vacuoles are responsible for storage (as well as water regulation).

The Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, which means protein production. Therefore, it is related to the Mixing and Baking.

The Factory gate and doors are related to the Cell membrane, as both are responsible for defining what comes in and out of the cell/factory.

The Walls and studs are related to the Cell wall, as both are responsible for structural support and protection of the cell/building.

Carlota’s body is made up of many cells. One thing that all her body cells have in common is that they contain genetic material in the form of DNA.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the fundamental genetic material that carries genetic instructions for the development, function, and reproduction of all living organisms. It is found in the nucleus of cells and consists of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine), a sugar molecule, and a phosphate molecule.

However, some slight variations can occur as a result of mutations or genetic modifications over time. The arrangement of these bases in a specific order determines the genetic code, which directs the production of proteins and other molecules needed for cellular activities and physiological processes in the body. Therefore, one of the essential things that all of Carlota’s body cells have in common is the presence of DNA as the genetic material. The DNA within each cell of her body is almost identical.

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Carlota's body is made up of many cells. All of her body cells have one thing in common, and that is they all carry genetic material, which is passed down from one generation to the next. This genetic material is stored in the nucleus of every cell, which contains the DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid.

Every cell in Carlota's body has the same DNA sequence, but the genes that are expressed can vary from cell to cell based on the cell's function. The genes that are expressed in her muscle cells will differ from the genes that are expressed in her liver cells. The DNA sequence remains constant throughout Carlota's life and is what determines her inherited traits.

Additionally, every cell in her body contains organelles like mitochondria, which produce energy, and ribosomes, which make proteins. Overall, all of the cells in Carlota's body are similar in their fundamental structure and organization.

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Answer: Biomagnification refers to the process by which the concentration of a contaminant increases as you move to higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web. In other words, as organisms consume other organisms, the contaminants present in the prey accumulate and become more concentrated in the bodies of the predators.

To understand this process, let's consider an example involving a water ecosystem. Suppose a pollutant is released into the water, such as a pesticide or heavy metal. The primary producers, such as algae or aquatic plants, absorb small amounts of the contaminant from the water. As herbivorous organisms consume these primary producers, they ingest the contaminants along with their food.

Since the contaminant is not easily broken down or eliminated from the organisms' bodies, it accumulates over time. As a result, the concentration of the contaminant becomes higher in the herbivores than in the primary producers. Now, when carnivorous organisms consume the herbivores, they not only accumulate the contaminant from their own food but also from all the prey they have consumed. This leads to an even higher concentration of the contaminant in the carnivores.

Therefore, biomagnification describes the phenomenon where the concentration of a contaminant increases significantly as you move up the food chain or trophic levels. The highest concentration of contaminants is often found in top predators, such as large fish, birds of prey, or mammals, which can have adverse effects on their health and reproductive capabilities.

It's important to note that biomagnification primarily occurs for persistent and non-biodegradable contaminants that cannot be easily metabolized or excreted by organisms. These contaminants are often lipophilic (fat-soluble), which allows them to accumulate in fatty tissues and remain in the organism's body for long periods, leading to biomagnification.

Explanation:

Answer:

B?

Explanation:

Answer: a shark's sense of smell comes in handy in this situation. sharks have noses that arent used to breathe but to smell (they have a gill system for breathing) the shark can smell the blood from up to a quarter-mile away.

Explanation: sharks also pick up on minute electrical impulses using organs they have called Ampullae of Lorenzini. these organs are made of tiny hairs that are hidden in pores on the underside of their head

When the substrate concentration is continually increased, a point comes where no further increase in oxygen production would occur because the enzyme reaches to its saturation point where no active sites are vacant for the enzyme to increase the rate of reaction.

Active sites are the regions present in the enzymes where the substrate molecules binds the chemical reactions occur. These active sites are comprised of certain amino acids that form temporary bonds with the substrates.

Enzymes are the proteinaceous biological catalysts which function to amplify the rate of chemical reaction by many folds. The enzymes change the nature of substrates while they themselves remain unchanged.

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The correct answer is option d) Viruses are not alive as this formation is a simple and repetitive process without the ability to react to the environment.

What is a virus?

A virus is either a live virus virus or a non-living entity is a more controversial issue as they are acellular in nature. They are considered viable when present in a living host. When they occur in nature they are inanimate, so 4 is correct for this option as they cannot respond to . At a very basic level, viruses contain a protein called a capsid and a gene. A virus is an infectious submicroscopic organism that can only replicate in live cells.  All living things, including plants, animals, and microbes like bacteria and archaea, are susceptible to virus infection. Since Dmitry Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898 more than 9,000 million virus species found in the environment have been identified in details described.  Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on earth and are the most numerous type of biological organisms. The study of viruses is known as virology, a branch of microbiology.

Once infected, the host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus.

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Complete question

Viral particles contain both nucleic acid and protein are can replicate inside of a host cell. Technically, this constitutes a "self-replicating molecular assemblage" which is also one way to define life. Therefore, one can conclude that

Question 3 options:

viruses are not living because the they don’t breathe oxygen.

viruses are not living because they cannot think.

viruses are living.

Viruses are not living because this formation is a simple repetitive process without the ability to respond to the environment.

Answer:

EFFECTS - : Melting glaciers and icebergs release fresh water and reduce the salinity of the surrounding sea. The seawater also becomes less dense, changing patterns of ocean currents.

Explanation -

MELTING OF ICE AND ADDING WARM FRESH WATER TO NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN -:  As part of the thermohaline circulation (also called the Global Ocean Conveyor), seawater flows through the Atlantic, the normal pattern by which seawater passes to the oceans of the world. Due to variations in water density caused by differences in temperature and salinity, the water in the Global Ocean Conveyor circulates. Colder water is denser than colder water, while salter water is denser than fresh water or less salty water.

Water heated at the Equator flows north to cold high latitudes at the surface of the ocean, where it becomes colder. When it cools, the deep ocean becomes denser and sinks. To take its place, more warm surface water flows in, cools, sinks, and the pattern continues. But this trend may be modified by melting Arctic sea ice.

The influx of freshwater from the melting ice makes seawater less salty and thus less thick at high latitudes as the Planet begins to warm and Arctic sea ice melts. In reality, data shows that over the past few decades, the North Atlantic has already become fresher.

Answer:

Salinity changes in water

Explanation:

Answer:

1. Mouth

2. Pharynx

3. Esophagus

3. Stomach

4. Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)

Explanation: This sequence begins with the ingestion of food in the mouth and the initial mechanical and chemical breakdown of food by the teeth, tongue, and salivary glands. The food bolus is then propelled into the pharynx, where it triggers the swallowing reflex and enters the esophagus. The esophagus transports the food bolus to the stomach, where it is further broken down by the acidic gastric juices and mechanical churning. From the stomach, the partially digested food, now called chyme, is released into the small intestine where most of the nutrient absorption takes place. The small intestine is divided into three segments: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. In this portion of the digestive tract, the chyme mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder to complete digestion and absorption of nutrients before moving on to the large intestine.

The correct sequence that food would pass through the body.

1. Mouth >  Pharynx > Esophagus > Stomach >  Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)

The sequence starts  with the ingestion of food in the mouth and the initial mechanical and chemical breakdown of food by the teeth, tongue, and salivary glands.

The food bolus is subsequently sent into the pharynx, where it activates the reflex to swallow and travels to the esophagus.

The bolus of food is carried by the esophagus to the stomach, where it is further digested by the stomach's acidic contents and mechanical churning.

The majority of nutritional absorption occurs in the small intestine, where the stomach releases the partially digested food, now known as chyme.

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Inference is what we draw from observations, whereas observation is what we perceive when something occurs. Hence they are interrelated.

Example from lab work:

Observation:

Inference:

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