2.0 moles of sodium (Na) would have a mass of-

A) 0.087 grams
B) 46 grams
C) 1.2 x 10^24 grams
D) 3.3 x 10^-24

Answer:

a. The gas with the highest average molecular speed is the gas option 3.

b, The gas that has the lowest average molecular speed is the gas option 1.

c. The gas with average molecular speed between the highest and the lowest is the gas sample, option 4

Explanation:

From the kinetic theory of gases we have;

\(v_{rms} = \sqrt{\dfrac{3\cdot R\cdot T}{m} }\)

Where;

\(v_{rms}\) = The root mean square velocity of the gas

T = Temperature of gas in Kelvin

m = Mass of atom or molecule in kilograms

R = The universal gas constant

Therefore, \(v_{rms}\) ∝ T and \(v_{rms}\) ∝ 1/m

a. Therefore, the gas with the highest average molecular speed has the highest temperature, 'T', and the lowest mass, 'm', therefore, we have;

The gas with the highest average molecular speed is the gas option 3. with only 0.128 moles of Ne in 5.69 L container at a temperature of 426 K

b. The gas with the lowest average molecular speed has the lowest temperature, 'T', and the highest mass, 'm', therefore, we have;

The gas with the lowest average molecular speed is the gas option 1. with only 0.564 moles of Ne in 5.33 L container at a temperature of 308 K

c. The gas with an average molecular speed between the highest and the lowest is the gas with intermediate temperature and mass within the given gas samples

Therefore, the gas with the average molecular speed between the highest and lowest is the gas option 4. with 0.322 moles of Ne in 4.00 L container at a temperature of 398 K

Answer:

example:

Explanation:

bicuse its true colum

Answer:

Light is produced when an electron moves from a higher to a lower energy level. The color of the light (as we see it) depends on the amount of energy emitted by the electron.

Explanation:

According to the Bohr's model of the atom, energy is given out by an atom when an electron moves from a higher to a lower energy level. The energy of the emitted light is equal to the energy difference between the two energy levels.

Hence ;

∆E= E2 - E1

Where;

E2 = energy of the higher energy level

E1 = energy of the lower energy level.

By supplying light of various frequencies and observing the frequency/wavelength of light emitted by a particular atom, its electron configuration can be determined.

(a) the molecular formula of the compound is C₆H₁₂.

(b)  the molecular formula of the compound is NH₂Cl.

(a) Given the empirical formula CH₂ and a molar mass of 84 g/mol, we need to determine the molecular formula. To do so, we need to find the factor by which the empirical formula needs to be multiplied to achieve the given molar mass.

The empirical formula CH₂ has a molar mass of 14 g/mol (12 g/mol for carbon + 2 g/mol for hydrogen).

To find the factor, we divide the molar mass by the empirical formula mass:

Factor = (molar mass) / (empirical formula mass) = 84 g/mol / 14 g/mol = 6

Therefore, the molecular formula is obtained by multiplying the empirical formula by the factor:

CH₂ × 6 = C₆H₁₂

Thus, the molecular formula of the compound is C₆H₁₂.

(b) Given the empirical formula NH₂Cl and a molar mass of 51.5 g/mol, we follow a similar approach.

The empirical formula NH₂Cl has a molar mass of 51.5 g/mol (14 g/mol for nitrogen + 2 g/mol for each hydrogen + 35.5 g/mol for chlorine).

To find the factor, we divide the molar mass by the empirical formula mass:

Factor = (molar mass) / (empirical formula mass) = 51.5 g/mol / 51.5 g/mol = 1

Therefore, the molecular formula is the same as the empirical formula: NH₂Cl

Hence, the molecular formula of the compound is NH₂Cl.

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Answer:

0.25M

Explanation:

The formula of concentration is c=m/M•V

c=1.85g/74g.mol•0.10L

c=0.25 M

The solubility of MgF₂ in water is 0.00635 moles per liter, if Ksp for the compound is 6.4 x 10⁻⁹.

The solubility of a compound in water is determined by its solubility product constant (Ksp), which is a measure of the extent to which the compound dissociates into its constituent ions in water.

For the given compound, magnesium fluoride (MgF₂), the Ksp is 6.4 x 10⁻⁹.

MgF₂ dissociates in water according to the following equation;

MgF₂(s) ↔ Mg²⁺(aq) + 2F⁻(aq)

The Ksp expression for MgF₂ is then;

Ksp = [Mg²⁺] × [F⁻]²

where [Mg²⁺] represents the concentration of Mg²⁺ ions in solution, and [F⁻] represents the concentration of F⁻ ions in solution.

Since MgF₂ dissociates into one Mg²⁺ ion and two F⁻ ions, the stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:2. This means that for every mole of MgF₂ that dissolves, one mole of Mg²⁺ ions and two moles of F⁻ ions are formed.

Let's assume that the solubility of MgF₂ in water is "x" moles per liter. Therefore, the concentration of Mg²⁺ ions and F⁻ ions in solution will also be "x" moles per liter.

Substituting these values into the Ksp expression, we get;

Ksp = [Mg²⁺] × [F⁻]²

6.4 x 10⁻⁹ = x × (2x)²

6.4 x 10⁻⁹ = 4x³

Now, we can solve for "x";

4x³ = 6.4 x 10⁻⁹

x³ = (6.4 x 10⁻⁹ / 4

x³ = 1.6 x 10⁻⁹

x = (1.6 x 10⁻⁹(1/3)

x ≈ 0.00635

Therefore, the solubility of MgF₂ in water is approximately 0.00635 moles per liter.

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The Pressure of gas in the bulb = 1392.70 atm

1) The barometric pressure is also called atmospheric pressure as it is the pressure with in the earth.

2) The given  values are

The barometric pressure =  766 Torr = 1.00789 atm (convert the value of torr into the standard pressure that is atm)

The height of Barometer (in mercury)= 141 mmHg

Pressure of a gas in bulb = need to find out.

The formulae used is

P=ρ×g×h, where:

P = pressure of gas (unknown )

g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8m/s²

h = Hight of the liquid

By substituting all the values in above equation,

P = 1.00789×9.8× 141

P = 1392.70 atm

so the The barometer whose barometric pressure is 1392.70 atm  atm exerted by the mercury and the height of the liquid is 141 mmHg.

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Answer:

4

9

4

6667 animals

Explanation:

There are approximately \(1.2*10^17\) molecules of food dye in the last solution.

Assuming that one drop of 100% solution is approximately 0.1 mL, then 10 drops of the 100% solution would be equivalent to 1 mL. If this 1 mL of the 100% solution was diluted to a final volume of 50 mL, then the dilution factor is 50.

Using the given approximation of 1 gram of food dye having approximately \(1.2*10^22\) molecules, we can calculate the number of molecules in the original 1 mL of the 100% solution to be:

1 g * (\(1.210^22\)molecules/g) = \(1.210^22\)molecules

For the first dilution, the number of molecules would be 1/10th of this value, or:

(1/10) * \(1.210^221.210^22\) = \(1.210^21\)molecule

For the second dilution, the number of molecules would be 1/10th of this value, or:

\((1/10) * 1.210^21 = 1.210^20\) molecules

If this process was repeated for a total of 5 dilutions, the number of molecules in the final solution would be:

\((1/10)^5 * 1.210^22 = 1.210^17\)molecules

Therefore, there are approximately \(1.2*10^17\) molecules of food dye in the last solution.

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This equilibrium potential (ENa) of the sodium concentration extracellularly is 116.

The amount of solute contained in a specific amount of solution is the substance's concentration. The molecular weight of solution in 1 L aqueous solution, or molarity, is used to express concentrations. Molar concentration, molality, mass percentage, components per thousand, milligrams, and parts per billion are examples of quantitative measurements of concentration.

The responsibility of the parties to take specific procedural steps during particular stages of antagonistic hearings in order to expedite the proceedings and the court's decision constitutes the principle of concentrating as one of the main server principles of civil procedures.

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To determine the number of significant figures in a measurement, count the number of digits from the first nonzero digit to the end of the measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a measurement, count the number of digits from the first nonzero digit to the end of the measurement. In the problem given, we have:

The number 204 m has 3 significant figures since it has three nonzero digits.

The number 6 m has 1 significant figure since it only has one nonzero digit.

The final answer will have the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest significant figures, so it will have 1 significant figure.

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a) A polyfunctional acid is an acid that has more than one functional group.

b) The equations of dissociation of phosphoric acid are:    

c) The equation for calculating the concentration of H₃O⁺ is \( [H_{3}O^{+}] = (\frac{K_{1}K_{2}K_{3}[H_{3}PO_{4}]}{[PO_{4}^{-3}]})^{1/3} \)

a) A polyfunctional acid can be defined as an acid that has more than one functional group. Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) is an example of polyfunctional acid since it is composed of three hydroxyl groups joined to a phosphorus atom, which is also joined to an oxygen atom by a double bound. In that structure, the three hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups give the acidic behavior to this compound.                  

b) Phosphoric acid has three equations of dissociation:  

The dissociation constants for the three above equations are:

\( K_{1} = \frac{[H_{2}PO_{4}^{-}][H_{3}O^{+}]}{[H_{3}PO_{4}]} \)   (4)

\( K_{2} = \frac{[HPO_{4}^{2-}][H_{3}O^{+}]}{[H_{2}PO_{4}^{-}]} \)    (5)

\( K_{3} = \frac{[PO_{4}^{3-}][H_{3}O^{+}]}{[HPO_{4}^{2-}]} \)    (6)

c) We can calculate the concentration of H₃O⁺ for each equilibrium with the equations (4), (5), and (6).    

The general reaction of dissociation of phosphoric acid is given by the sum of equations (1), (2), and (3):

H₃PO₄ + 3H₂O ⇄ PO₄³⁻ + 3H₃O⁺   (7)  

The concentration of H₃O⁺ for the total dissociation reaction (eq 7) can be found as follows:  

\( K_{t} = \frac{[PO_{4}^{-3}][H_{3}O^{+}]^{3}}{[H_{3}PO_{4}]} \)   (8)

Where:

\( K_{t} = K_{1}*K_{2}*K_{3} \)

Hence, by knowing the dissociation constants K₁, K₂ and K₃, and the concentrations of PO₄³⁻ and H₃PO₄, the [H₃O⁺] is:

\([H_{3}O^{+}] = (\frac{K_{1}K_{2}K_{3}[H_{3}PO_{4}]}{[PO_{4}^{-3}]})^{1/3}\)

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2 moles of sodium hydroxide are required to react with 1 mole of sulfuric acid.

Stoichiometry refers to the relation which exists between quantities of reactant and products.It is based on the law of conservation of mass where the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products.Conclusion which can be made by this statement is that reactants and products form a ratio of positive integers.

Considering the reaction between sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid given in the question number of moles of sodium hydroxide can be found out that are required to react with 1 mole of sulfuric acid using stoichiometry concept.

H₂SO₄+2 NaOH\(\rightarrow\)Na₂SO₄+ 2 H₂O

From the reaction it is clear that 1 mole of sulfuric acid reacts with 2 moles of sodium hydroxide

Therefore,1 mole of sulfuric acid would react with

1×2/1=2 moles of sodium hydroxide.

Thus, 2 moles of sodium hydroxide react with 1 mole of sulfuric acid.

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The transition that would result in the emission of a photon with the longest wavelength is from n = 4 to n = 3 (Option d).

This is because the energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its wavelength. According to the Rydberg formula, the energy of a photon emitted or absorbed during a transition in a hydrogen atom is given by:

\(E = Rh[(1/n_1^2) - (1/n_2^2)]\)

where Rh is the Rydberg constant, n1 and n2 are the initial and final quantum numbers of the electron, respectively.

As we move from higher to lower energy levels, the difference in energy levels decreases, resulting in a longer wavelength for the emitted photon. In this case, the transition from n = 4 to n = 3 involves a smaller energy difference than the other transitions given, resulting in the longest wavelength for the emitted photon.

Therefore, the correct answer is option d, n = 4 to n = 3.

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Each sentence about the bioavailability of minerals in foods should be completed with either increases or decreases as follows:

Nutrients can be defined as the chemical compounds (substances) or minerals that are present in food, and they are needed by the body of a living organism for healthy growth, reproduction, development, proper functioning, and reproduction.

In Science, there are five (5) main classes of nutrients and these include the following:

In conclusion, phytic acid, oxalic acid, and refinement of grains are factors that decrease the bioavailability of minerals in foods while Vitamin C and Vitamin D increases the bioavailability of minerals in foods.

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Answer:

Cattail

Explanation:

Cattail is the plant which have aquatic habitat​.

An area with water that directly supports a particular species, population, as well as the community is referred to as an aquatic habitat.

Cattails were also perennial upright plants that grow from rhizomes which creep. The long, tapering petals seem to be slightly spongy and even have smooth borders.

Cattail is a plant which has aquatic habitat​.

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Answer:

2.322 half-lives have passed to decay down from 150 miligrams to 30 miligrams.

Explanation:

The half of Technetium-99 is approximately 211000 years. The decay of isotopes is represented by the following ordinary differential equation:

\(\frac{dm}{dt} = -\frac{m}{\tau}\) (Eq. 1)

Where:

\(\frac{dm}{dt}\) - First derivative of isotope mass in time, measured in miligrams per year.

\(m\) - Mass of the isotope, measured in miligrams.

\(\tau\) - Time constant, measured in years.

Now we proceed to obtain the solution of this differential equation:

\(\frac{dm}{m} = -\frac{dt}{\tau}\)

\(\int {\frac{dm}{m} } = -\frac{1}{\tau}\int dt\)

\(\ln m = -\frac{t}{\tau}+C\)

\(m(t) = m_{o}\cdot e^{-\frac{t}{\tau} }\) (Eq. 2)

Where:

\(m_{o}\) - Initial mass of the isotope, measured in miligrams.

\(t\) - Time, measured in years.

The time passed for isotope is cleared within the equation described above:

\(\ln \frac{m}{m_{o}} = -\frac{t}{\tau}\)

\(t = -\tau \cdot \ln \frac{m}{m_{o}}\)

In addition, we can obtain the time constant as a function of half-life:

\(\tau = \frac{t_{1/2}}{\ln 2}\) (Eq. 3)

If we know that \(t_{1/2} = 211000\,yr\), \(m_{o} = 150\,mg\) and \(m = 30\,mg\), then the time passed is:

\(\tau = \frac{211000\,yr}{\ln 2}\)

\(\tau \approx 304408.654\,yr\)

\(t = -(304408.654\,yr)\cdot \ln \left(\frac{30\,mg}{150\,mg} \right)\)

\(t \approx 489926.829\,yr\)

The amount of passed half-lives is that time divided by a half-life. That is:

\(n = \frac{489926.829\,yr}{211000\,yr}\)

\(n = 2.322\)

2.322 half-lives have passed to decay down from 150 miligrams to 30 miligrams.

Answer:

1. Sp^3; Sp.

2. Isomers.

3. Weaker.

4. Atomic; hybrid.

5. Pi.

6. Electronegativity.

7. Resonance structures.

8. Sigma.

Explanation:

1. A tetrahedral carbon is Sp^3 hybridized while a linear carbon is Sp hybridized. A tetrahedral carbon typically comprises of four bonds that are 109. 5° apart while a linear carbon atom comprises of two (2) bonds that are 180° apart.

2. Two different compounds that have the same molecular formula are known as isomer. For example Butane and Isobutane, Methoxyethane and Propanol have the same molecular formula (numbers of hydrogen and carbon atoms) but different structural formula.

3. Pi (π) bonds are generally weaker than sigma (σ) bonds. This is because the orbital paths of Pi bonds are parallel thereby causing an overlap.

4. Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy.

5. A Pi bond is formed by side-by-side overlap of two p orbitals.

6. The electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s attraction for electrons in a bond and indicates how much a particular atom "wants" electrons.

7. Two Lewis structures that have the same atomic placement and σ structure but a different arrangement of π electrons are called resonance structures.

8. All single bonds are Sigma bonds.

Answer:

Ions.

Explanation:

Hello!

In this case, since iron is a metal which has lots of uses in the design of metallic alloys and materials, when it is at its ground state we say it is just Fe; however, since it is a metal, it is very likely to lose electrons and therefore getting positively charged as +2 or +3, say:

\(Fe^{2+}\\\\Fe^{3+}\)

Thus, since they are positively charged, they are classified as cations, which are ions.

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Answer:

4. the egg shell you place in normal water

C. 51.5%  is the percent yield for the reaction below when 364 g SO2 and 42.0 g O2 produce 408 g SO3

The actual yield is determined by calculating the quantity of the product created. We can estimate the percentage yield by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical value. The percentage yield is the difference between the quantity of product that was actually created and the maximum calculated yield.

2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2SO3(g)

SO₂ mass => 364g

O₂ mass => 42g

SO3 mass => 408g

Theoretical yield of SO3:

mole of  O₂ => 42g/32g => 1.31

according to the chemical equation:

1 mole of oxygen => 2 moles of SO3

1.31 mole O2 => x moles of SO3

x=> 2 x 1.31 => 2.62

Hence, the mass of SO3 => 2.62 x 80.06 => 209.75g

The percentage of yield => Actual yield / theoretical yield x 100

                                  => 209.75/408 x 100 => 51.45 => 51.5%

The theoretical yield is the yield that is derived using a balanced chemical reaction. What you actually acquire from a chemical reaction is the actual yield.

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Answer: An example:

Measure the distance between the center of the spreading center (red) and the border between dark yellow and light green (65 Ma point) I measured 2 cm Since the scale on the map is 1 cm = 475 km, calculate the real distance that the plate has moved over the past 65 Ma 2 cm * 475 km/cm = 950 km = 95,000,000 cm = 9.5 * 107 cm Determine the length of time that the plate has been moving65 million years = 65,000,000 years = 6.5 * 107 yearsUse the above equation to calculate spreading rateR = d/t or R = 9.5 * 107 cm / 6.5 * 107 years = 1.46 cm/yr

Explanation:

Answer:

C)The same bond in a different molecule has a different energy. For example, O-H in water versus ethanol has different energies.

Explanation:

This is true going by the the statement about the bond energies and the bonding being different among the various elements. In the example given which is between ethanol and water, the bonds which exist among the elements is stronger in water than in ethanol. That is why, ethanol is easily combustible than water.

Answer:

The same bond in a different molecule has a different energy. For example, O-H in water versus ethanol has different energies.

Explanation:

Based on the electronic configuration;

However, atoms can lose or gain electrons to form ions.

Ar contains 18 electrons

Sn4+ has lost 4 electrons to then have 46 electrons

F has 9 electrons

Fe3+ has lost 3electrons to have 23 electrons

P3- has gained 3 electrons to have 18 electrons

V has 23 electrons

Ag+ has lost one electron to have 46 electrons

N3- has gained three electrons to have 10 electrons

Therefore, based on the electronic configuration:

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Answer:

Water, H20 is a molecule made of oxygen and hydrogen. The bonds that hold water molecules together are due to shared electrons and known as Covalent bonds. In contrast, the bonds that hold NaCl molecule together are Ionic bonds, arising from charge difference between the atoms