13. Describe the three stages of respiration; be sure to include where exactly in the cell
each stage takes place, amount of energy produce, and the substances involved and
released.
Answers
The three main stages of respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
Cellular Respiration StagesRespiration is the process by which living cells release energy from organic molecules, such as glucose.
The stages are:
Glycolysis: Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and does not require oxygen. It is the first stage of cellular respiration and is a series of reactions that break down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. In the process, two molecules of ATP are produced, along with two molecules of NADH, a high-energy molecule. The net energy yield from glycolysis is two ATP molecules.
Krebs Cycle: The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria of the cell and requires oxygen. It is also known as the citric acid cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). In this stage, pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle. During the cycle, acetyl CoA is broken down into carbon dioxide, and high-energy molecules such as NADH and FADH2 are produced. The net energy yield from the Krebs cycle is two ATP molecules.
Oxidative phosphorylation: This stage of respiration also takes place in the mitochondria and is the most important stage for producing ATP. It is also called the electron transport chain. During oxidative phosphorylation, the high-energy molecules produced in the previous stages, NADH and FADH2, donate electrons to a series of protein complexes called the electron transport chain. The electrons move down the chain, and energy is released, which is used to pump protons across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. This creates a proton gradient, and the energy from the gradient is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP. The net energy yield from oxidative phosphorylation is around 34 ATP molecules.
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Related Questions
Suppose someone's ceruminous glands did not produce any cerumen. What signs/symptoms would person experience
Answers
The symptoms would experience a person whose ceruminous glands don't produce any cerumen is tympanic membrane drying out. Cerumen lubricates the ear.
Cerumen is a combination of glandular secretions whose function is to lubricate the external auditory canal.
Cerumen is also important to protect the ear against physical injury and microbial pathogenic invasion.
The ceruminous glands found in the skin of the external auditory canal are apocrine glands that produce cerumen.
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Which of the following concerning the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is FALSE?
A) produced by cells in the heart
B) promotes sodium loss at the kidneys
C) reduces blood pressure
D) suppresses vasopressin secretion
E) increases aldosterone secretion
Answers
The false statement concerning the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is " increases aldosterone secretion". Option E is the correct answer.
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone produced by cells in the heart, specifically the atria. Its primary function is to promote sodium loss at the kidneys, which leads to increased urine production and excretion of sodium. By promoting sodium excretion, ANP helps to reduce blood volume and lower blood pressure. Additionally, ANP acts as a vasodilator, causing blood vessels to relax and widen, further contributing to a decrease in blood pressure.
ANP also suppresses the secretion of vasopressin, a hormone that regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys. However, ANP does not increase aldosterone secretion, which is a hormone that promotes sodium reabsorption by the kidneys. Therefore, option E is the false statement.
Option E is the correct answer.
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In the term isotonic, the prefix iso- means
A. Above
B. Equal
C. Below
D. Pressure
Answers
Answer:
Iso stands for equal......
Which particles have the same mass?
A. electron and neutron
B. all three particles
C. proton and neutron
D. proton and electron
Answers
How does the motion of particles in a gas change as the gas cools? (1 point)
They move more slowly.
b
They move in a more circular pattern.
ос
They move faster.
d
They move more randomly.
Answers
What is the relationship between radius and mass
Answers
What is a trait called when it is controlled by more than one gene? O A. Adaptive O B. Disruptive O C. Polygenic O D. Flowing
Answers
Answer:
The answer is C. Polygenic
La estructura de la membrana es selectivamente permeable, por tal razón:
Answers
The cell membrane is selectively permeable because substances do not pass through it indiscriminately. This means that only selective molecules pass through it. So the correct answer choice is option (B).
Selective permeability of a cell membrane refers to its ability to distinguish between different types of molecules, allowing only some molecules through while blocking others. A cell membrane is called selectively permeable because it allows only specific molecules to pass through. Only specific molecules, such as water and gas molecules, can pass directly through the cell membrane. It stops the flow of other molecules towards the two sides. Many large molecules like glucose and other sugars cannot do this. Water can pass between lipids. The most common example is the phospholipid bilayer cell membrane that surrounds every cell in our body.
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Complete question:
The membrane structure is selectively permeable, for this reason:
A) It is permeable only during certain stage of the cell division.
B) It allows only selective molecules to pass through it.
C) It allows only water to pass.
D) It is made up of lipids.
What is yhe role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
Answers
the structure in the inner ear that contains balance receptors and endolymph is called the:
Answers
The structure in the inner ear that contains balance receptors and endolymph is called the semicircular canals.
How is the structure in the inner ear called?The semicircular canals are part of the inner ear and play a crucial role in our sense of balance and spatial orientation. They are fluid-filled structures that contain sensory receptors known as hair cells. These hair cells are responsible for detecting rotational movements of the head in different planes.
The canals are arranged in three perpendicular directions: anterior, posterior, and horizontal. When the head moves, the fluid within the canals, known as endolymph, also moves, stimulating the hair cells.
This stimulation is then converted into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain, allowing us to perceive and maintain our balance and coordinate movements. The semicircular canals are vital for our body's ability to sense and respond to changes in position and movement.
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Why does it hurt when you get kicked in the balls?
Answers
Answer:
The first sign of trauma to the testicle or scrotum is most often severe pain. Pain around the testicle may also be due to infection or swelling of the epididymis ("epididymitis"). Because the epididymis has a very thin wall, it easily becomes red and swollen by infection or injury.
Explanation:
Answer:
HAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHAHAHAHAHAHHA
Explanation:NO U
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The neurons that control the basic rhythm for breathing are located in the VRG DRG RRG pons
Answers
The neurons that control the basic rhythm for breathing are primarily located in two regions: the medulla oblongata and the pons. Specifically, the medulla oblongata contains two important groups of neurons involved in respiratory control: the ventral respiratory group (VRG) and the dorsal respiratory group (DRG).
The VRG is responsible for generating the basic rhythm of breathing by stimulating the contraction and relaxation of the respiratory muscles. It consists of inspiratory neurons that fire during inhalation and expiratory neurons that fire during exhalation. The VRG coordinates the timing and intensity of breathing.
The DRG is involved in receiving sensory information related to respiration, such as detecting changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the blood. It integrates this information and communicates with the VRG to adjust the breathing rate and depth accordingly.
Additionally, the pons, which is located above the medulla, contains the pneumotaxic center and the apneustic center. These centers help modulate and fine-tune the breathing pattern by influencing the duration and timing of inspiration and expiration.
Overall, the medulla oblongata (including the VRG and DRG) and the pons are critical regions where the neurons responsible for controlling the basic rhythm of breathing are located.
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Mutações cromossômicas diferem de mutações genéticas clássicas e me geral trazem graves desvantagens aos seus portadores, cite pelo menos 3 desvantagens com relação aos erros cromossômicos em humanos.
Answers
Answer:
Desvantagens:
sofrendo de síndromes como Kinefelter que levam à deficiência de testosterona, gerando uma diminuição na massa muscular, cabelos e aumento dos seios.
Sofrendo de distúrbios de aprendizagem, distúrbios de crescimento, distúrbios cardíacos e distúrbios da puberdade, como a síndrome de Turner.
Hipogonadismo como a síndrome do duplo Y.
Explanation:
As mutações cromossômicas são caracterizadas por serem diferentes das mutações genéticas, pois são a perda ou o ganho dos cromossomos.
Os cromossomos estão, portanto, sofrendo anomalias e sem distinção de que tipo de cromossomo será afetado, é por isso que pode afetar os autossomos, bem como os não-autossomos.
Quando os cromossomos sexuais alterados são aqueles que dão frutos ao turner e às síndromes duplas e entre outros.
Outro exemplo disso é que as pessoas que têm multiplicação do cromossomo 21 sofrem da síndrome de Down, essa síndrome consiste em triplicar o conteúdo cromossômico.
Karyotyping is used to:
study chromosomes.
treat Down syndrome.
repair chromosomes.
diagnose genetic diseases.
Answers
study chromosomes.
treat Down syndrome.
repair chromosomes.
diagnose genetic diseases.
Which of the following features traditionally used by biologist to classify animal diversity?
Type of body symmetry
Presence/absence of different tissue types
Patterns of embryonic development
Answers
The following features traditionally used by biologists to classify animal diversity include a. the type of body symmetry, b. the presence or absence of different tissue types, and c. patterns of embryonic development.
The type of body symmetry refers to how an organism's body is organized and can be divided into symmetrical parts. There are three main types: radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry, and asymmetry. The presence or absence of different tissue types distinguishes animals based on their complexity. For example, sponges lack true tissues, while more advanced animals have various tissues and organ systems.
Lastly, patterns of embryonic development help classify animals by examining the early stages of an organism's growth and development. This includes processes like gastrulation and the formation of body cavities. Overall, these features provide a systematic approach for biologists to understand and classify the vast diversity of the animal kingdom. The following features traditionally used by biologists to classify animal diversity include a. the type of body symmetry, b. the presence or absence of different tissue types, and c. patterns of embryonic development.
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7 Eleven PESTLE analysis and SWOT analysis
Answers
Sure! Here is a PESTLE analysis and SWOT analysis for 7-Eleven:
PESTLE Analysis:
1. Political Factors: Government regulations and policies can affect 7-Eleven's operations, such as taxation, labor laws, and food safety regulations. Changes in political stability or shifts in government priorities can also impact the business.
2. Economic Factors: Economic conditions, including inflation, exchange rates, and consumer spending patterns, influence 7-Eleven's profitability and growth. Economic downturns or fluctuations in disposable income can affect customer behavior and purchasing power.
3. Sociocultural Factors: Cultural norms, consumer preferences, and social trends shape the demand for products and services offered by 7-Eleven. Factors such as changing lifestyles, dietary preferences, and demographics can impact the company's marketing strategies.
4. Technological Factors: Technological advancements, such as mobile applications, e-commerce, and automation, play a significant role in 7-Eleven's operations. Embracing technology can enhance efficiency, customer experience, and competitive advantage.
5. Legal Factors: Compliance with local and international laws and regulations is crucial for 7-Eleven. This includes laws related to employment, intellectual property, health and safety, and data protection, among others.
6. Environmental Factors: Growing concern for environmental sustainability and climate change impacts 7-Eleven's practices. Adapting to eco-friendly initiatives, reducing carbon footprint, and waste management are important considerations for the company.
SWOT Analysis:
Strengths:
1. Strong brand recognition and global presence.
2. Extensive store network and convenient locations.
3. Wide product range, including snacks, beverages, and ready-to-eat meals.
4. Emphasis on customer convenience and 24/7 operating hours.
5. Ability to adapt and introduce innovative offerings based on consumer trends.
Weaknesses:
1. Dependency on a limited product mix, primarily focused on convenience store items.
2. Vulnerability to competition from larger retail chains and online platforms.
3. Reliance on franchisees, which can impact consistency across stores.
4. Limited control over pricing due to competition and market dynamics.
5. Potential challenges in maintaining product quality and freshness.
Opportunities:
1. Expansion into emerging markets with growing urban populations.
2. Diversification into healthier food options and organic products.
3. Leveraging technology to enhance the customer experience, including mobile ordering and delivery services.
4. Partnerships with local suppliers for sourcing fresh and unique products.
5. Incorporating sustainability initiatives to appeal to environmentally conscious consumers.
Threats:
1. Intense competition from other convenience store chains and supermarkets.
2. Changing consumer preferences towards healthier alternatives and online shopping.
3. Economic uncertainties and fluctuations impacting consumer spending.
4. Increasing regulations and compliance requirements in different markets.
5. Potential disruptions in the supply chain and logistics operations.
It's important to note that the analysis provided here is a general overview and may not capture all specific factors relevant to 7-Eleven's situation. A comprehensive analysis would require a more in-depth examination of the company's internal and external environment.
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Indicate which three statements are true regarding homeostatic mechanisms.
a. They maintain the concentration of water, nutrients and oxygen within narrow limits
b. They mostly work through positive feedback mechanisms
c. They help maintain a relatively stable external environment
d. They allow an organism to survive
e. They help regulate body temperature and blood pressure
Answers
They maintain the concentration of water, nutrients and oxygen within narrow limits is the true statement regarding homeostatic mechanisms. Statement A, D and E are correct.
The body must constantly check its internal conditions in order to maintain homeostasis. Each physiological situation has a certain set point, including body temperature, blood pressure, and the quantities of particular nutrients. The physiological value that the normal range varies around is known as a set point.
The kidneys control water intake and excretion to maintain water balance. The former is accomplished through thirst sensations that spur water intake, whilst the latter is controlled by vasopressin's antidiuretic effects.
Maintaining the established internal environment in the face of potential balance-disrupting external stimuli is the goal of homeostasis.
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Of the five statements given, the three that are true regarding homeostatic mechanisms are:
a. They maintain the concentration of water, nutrients and oxygen within narrow limits
c. They help maintain a relatively stable external environment
e. They help regulate body temperature and blood pressure
To explain further, homeostatic mechanisms refer to the various processes and systems within an organism that work together to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. These mechanisms help keep things like nutrient and oxygen levels, body temperature, and blood pressure within a narrow range that is optimal for the organism's survival and function. Positive feedback mechanisms, on the other hand, tend to amplify changes and move the system away from its steady state, whereas homeostatic mechanisms work to counteract changes and bring the system back to equilibrium. Ultimately, homeostatic mechanisms are crucial for allowing organisms to survive and function in a constantly changing environment.
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What would the complementary strand of RNA be to the following DNA strand: AAA GCT TTG GAC CTA
Answers
The complementary strand of RNA to the following DNA strand AAA GCT TTG GAC CTA will be UUU CGA AAC CUG GAU.
To determine the complementary strand of RNA to the given DNA strand, we need to first convert the DNA sequence into RNA by replacing the nucleotide thymine (T) with uracil (U).
Thus, the RNA sequence would be UUU CGA AAC CUG GAU.
It is important to note that RNA is single-stranded, meaning it only has one complementary strand, unlike DNA which has two complementary strands.
In RNA, the complementary strand is formed through base pairing between the nitrogenous bases, with adenine (A) pairing with uracil (U) and guanine (G) pairing with cytosine (C).
Therefore, the complementary strand of RNA to the given DNA strand would be formed by replacing each nucleotide in the DNA strand with its complementary base in RNA, resulting in the sequence: UUU CGA AAC CUG GAU.
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did you notice a covering on the spinal cord what is it
Answers
Yes, I did notice a covering on the spinal cord. It is called the meninges.
The meninges are a system of three protective membranes that envelop the spinal cord and brain. These layers, from outermost to innermost, are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The primary function of the meninges is to provide physical protection and support to the delicate neural tissue, as well as containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which serves as a shock absorber and provides nutrients to the spinal cord and brain.
The meninges provide protection and cushioning for the spinal cord, as well as a barrier to prevent infection and inflammation. They also contain cerebrospinal fluid which helps to nourish and protect the spinal cord. Overall, the meninges play an important role in maintaining the health and function of the spinal cord.
In addition, the meninges play a crucial role in maintaining the stability and structure of the central nervous system. Overall, the meninges are essential for the protection and proper functioning of the spinal cord and brain.
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All macromolecules are made mostly of the same six elements. What are those six elements?
A. Water, oxygen, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, carbon, nitrogen
B. Hydrogen, helium, oxygen, gold, silver, aluminum
C. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
D. Gold, potassium, tin, sulfur, gold, oxygen
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Remember CHNOPS:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Which of the following is NOT essential for protein synthesis? *
ribosomes
tRNA
mRNA
carbohydrates
Answers
Answer:
carbohydrates
Explanation:
BYou are studying a gene in C. elegans that on Chromosome III and is homozygous recessive for its allele pair. Assuming there are no mutations, would you ever expect to get an offspring that is a genotype other than homozygous recessive? Explain your answer using genetics terms. Draw it out if it helps.
Answers
Assuming there are no mutations, you expect to gen an offspring that is a genotype other than homozygous recessive, it can not because, in the homozygous recessive condition, both alleles are the same and recessive.
The genotype of an organism represents the genetic makeup of the organism. It is the combination of alleles inherited from its parents. Alleles are alternative forms of a gene that occupy the same locus on homologous chromosomes. A gene is a unit of heredity that is responsible for the expression of a trait. A homozygous organism has two identical alleles at a particular gene locus, and a heterozygous organism has two different alleles at the same locus. The genotype of an organism determines its phenotype, which is the observable trait of the organism.
In this case, the gene in C. elegans on Chromosome III is homozygous recessive for its allele pair, this means that both alleles at the gene locus are identical and recessive. Therefore, the gene is not capable of expressing itself, and the traits it carries are not expressed either. The organism is homozygous recessive for the gene, and its genotype is rr. This genotype produces a particular phenotype, which is the trait that the gene is responsible for. Since the organism is homozygous recessive, it is not possible for any offspring to have a genotype other than homozygous recessive.
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give a well-detailed explanation of the importance of the amniotic sac to the mammalian embryo
Answers
Answer:
The amniotic sac and its filling provide a liquid that surrounds
and cushions the fetus . It is a site of exchange of essential
substances, such as oxygen, between the umbilical cord and the
fetus. It allows the fetus to move freely within the walls of the
uterus. Buoyancy is also provided
I need help on this I am stuck on it and need the answers to it asap please someone help me out it is an attachment
Answers
The given pedigree is an example of autosomal dominant traits because it cannot skip a generation. This type of pedigree appears in both sexes with equal frequency.
What is Pedigree analysis?Pedigree analysis may be defined as the process of studying of inheritance of genetic traits in several generations of a human family in the form of a family tree diagram. It helps in genetic counseling to avoid disorders.
In Autosomal dominant traits, both sexes have the ability to transmit the specific trait to their offspring. Unaffected parents do not transmit the traits successfully. Affected offspring must have an affected parent unless they possess a new mutation.
Therefore, the given pedigree is an example of autosomal dominant traits because it cannot skip a generation.
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What advantage does a predator have over the prey?
Answers
Predators have advantage over the prey as the prey are vulnerable and get hunted and also the prey population is regulated by the predator.
Predators are those animals which prey on other animals, that is, they obtain their nutrition by hunting down and eating other animals. Prey are those animals which get hunted by the predators.
Predators are a vital part of an ecosystem and have advantages over a prey as the prey is vulnerable and gets hunted down. Due to this, the predators are able to keep the population of prey in check and also help eliminate the old and sick animals from the prey species. They also ensure the transfer of energy to the next trophic level and by feeding on animals they also help reduce the waste in the environment.
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Which of the following best describes homeostasis? the state of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changing external conditions the state of maintaining a stable internal environment due to electrical impulses the state of maintaining a stable internal environment due to chemical signals the state of maintaining a stable internal environment when the external conditions are constant
Answers
Answer:
the state of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changing external conditions
Explanation:
homeostasis is all about regulating, whether it be regulating body temperature through shivering, regulating body water levels, etc..
The best description of homeostasis is "the state of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changing external conditions." Homeostasis is a vital physiological process that helps to maintain the internal environment of an organism.
What is homeostasis?To achieve homeostasis, the body uses various physiological and biochemical mechanisms to monitor and respond to changes in the external environment. For example, if the external temperature becomes too high, the body will respond by sweating to cool down and maintain a stable internal temperature. Similarly, if the blood pH becomes too acidic, the body will respond by increasing the excretion of hydrogen ions to restore a more neutral pH.
Hence, the best description of homeostasis is "the state of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changing external conditions."
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Después de sacar dos pares de calcetines de una secadora. el par A se mantiene pegado durante largo tiempo mientras que eso no ocurre con el par B. ¿Qué par esta fabricado con material mejor conductor?
Answers
Answer:
La pareja A.
Explanation:
El comportamiento del par A indica que el material de los calcetines tiene mayor cantidad de cargas libres, lo que indica que su capacidad de conductividad eléctrica es mayor. Esto hace que las cargas positivas y negativas presentes en cada miembro del par se atraigan entre sí, lo que hace que cada miembro permanezca juntos por mucho más tiempo, hasta que el potencial de energía entre estas cargas disminuya.
how have many deaf persons been the involuntary objects of attempts to cure them?
Answers
Unfortunately, throughout history, many deaf individuals have been viewed as needing to be "cured" or fixed. This often involved invasive and harmful procedures such as forced oralism (where they were prohibited from using sign language), electroshock therapy, and even lobotomies.
These attempts at "curing" deafness were rooted in ableist and oppressive beliefs that deafness was a problem that needed to be solved, rather than a valid and diverse way of being. It is important to recognize and challenge these harmful practices, and instead work towards creating a more inclusive and accepting society that values and celebrates diversity.
Many deaf persons have been the involuntary objects of attempts to cure them due to societal misconceptions and a lack of understanding about deaf culture. Over the years, various medical treatments, surgeries, and devices have been introduced with the aim of "fixing" deafness, often without the consent or input of the deaf individuals themselves. These attempts have included cochlear implants, hearing aids, and experimental therapies. While some deaf individuals may choose to pursue these options, it is crucial to respect their autonomy and recognize that deafness is not something that needs to be "cured" but rather embraced as part of one's identity.
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what gas is required in order for photosynthesis to occur?
a. O2
b. H2O
c. CO2
d. OH2O
Answers
Answer:
CO2
Explanation:
The amount of energy at trophic levels one and four in an ecosystem is indicated by the numbers.
Only 10% of the energy is passed on to the next trophic level.
What is the total amount of energy in levels two and three?
Answers
Answer:
1100
Explanation:
There is 10% of total energy in each increasing trophic level. 10,000 / 10 = 1,000 ,so there are 1,000 units of energy in trophic level 2.
1,000 / 10 = 100, so there are 100 units of energy in trophic level 3.
1,000 + 100 units of combined energy would be 1,100 units of energy.
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