1) Calculate the change in entropy (AS) for the following processes: a) Heating 0.5 kg of solid ice from -100°C to 0°C. b) Freezing 0.5 kg of solid ice at 0°C to liquid water at 0°C. c) Cooling 0.5 kg of liquid water from 100°C to 0°C. d) Vaporizing 0.5 kg of liquid water at 100°C to steam at 100°C. e) Which one of the two phase transitions (freezing or vaporizing) has the larger magnitude in the change of entropy? Explain in terms of the statistical model of entropy. f) For each process a)-d) does the entropy of the environment change? If so, does it increase or decrease? How do you know?

According to the question The horizontal velocity of the body is greatest in value at mid-stance for running. the correct option is C

Walking and running are two different ways of travelling by foot, but there are some key differences between them. Running entails a period of time when both feet are in the air and a period of time when both feet are in contact with the ground. When one foot is in contact with the ground, walking always has at least one foot in contact with the ground, whereas running requires both feet to be off the ground for a portion of the stride cycle. These differences affect the way that force is applied to the body, particularly the legs and feet.

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Answer:

a. Tiempo = 25000 segundos

b. Distancia = 19200 metros

Explanation:

Dados los siguientes datos;

Velocidad = 8 m/s

Distancia = 200 km a metros = 200 * 1000 = 200,000

Para encontrar el tiempo para cubrir la distancia anterior;

Tiempo = distancia/velocidad

Tiempo = 200000/8

Tiempo = 25000 segundos

b. Para encontrar la distancia recorrida en 40 minutos;

Tiempo = 40 minutos a segundos = 40 * 60 = 2400 segundos

Distancia = velocidad * tiempo

Distancia = 8 * 2400

Distancia = 19200 metros

Answer:

mars is a fourth planet of the sun and the second planet in the solar system

moon is a natural satellite of the earth it isthe fifth largest moon in the solar system

A uniform horizontal electric field of 50 N/C directed towards the east, and the electric potential at a given point in the field is 80 V. The question is to determine the potential at a point 1.0 m directly south of that point. Given data; Uniform horizontal electric field (E) = 50 N/C The electric potential (V) = 80 V To determine; The potential at a point 1.0 m directly south of the point.

To determine the potential at a point 1.0 m directly south of that point, we need to use the electric potential formula: V = E * d Here, V = Potential E = Electric field strength d = Distance between the two points Substitute the given values into the formula. V = 50 * 1V = 50 V Therefore, the potential at a point 1.0 m directly south of that point is 50 V.

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Answer:

A) 5m/s

Explanation:

Momentum of ball in one direction=momentum of cannon in other direction

mv = mv

(10)(500)=(1000)v

5000=1000v

∴v=5m/s

When a ball is fired with a velocity its momentum remains conserved. The recoil velocity of the cannon is 5m/s.

The velocity with which the cannon is pushed backwards after firing is called the recoil velocity.

The momentum remains conserved . So, according to the momentum conservation principle, initial momentum is equal to the final momentum.

Mu +mu=Mv +mv

where, M is the mass of cannon and m is the mass of ball.

u is the initial velocity and v is the final velocity.

10 kg ball is fired with a velocity of 500 meters per second from a 1,000 kg cannon.

mu = Mv

(10)(500)=(1000)v

5000=1000v

v=5m/s

Thus, the recoil velocity of the cannon is 5 m/s.

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I think it's more waves

Answer:

The kinetic energy of the baseball is 306.25 joules.

Explanation:

SInce the baseball can be considered a particle, that is, that effects from geometry can be neglected, the kinetic energy (\(K\)), in joules, is entirely translational, whose formula is:

\(K = \frac{1}{2}\cdot m\cdot v^{2}\) (1)

Where:

\(m\) - Mass, in kilograms.

\(v\) - Speed, in meters per second.

If we know that \(m = 0.5\,kg\) and \(v = 35\,\frac{m}{s}\), then the kinetic energy of the baseball thrown by the player is:

\(K = \frac{1}{2}\cdot m \cdot v^{2}\)

\(K = 306.25\,J\)

The kinetic energy of the baseball is 306.25 joules.

Answer:

Due to microbial life 1 billion years ago, early algae used photosynthesis to make food and energy. This lead to mass die-offs, but it replaced the toxic atmosphere with oxygen for more complex organisms

Mass is an extensive physical property because it is dependent on the amount or quantity of matter present in a system.

Mass is a measure of the total amount of matter that is present in an object or substance, and it is directly proportional to the number of atoms or molecules that make up that object or substance.

Intensive properties, on the other hand, do not depend on the amount of matter present in a system. Examples of intensive properties include temperature, density, and specific heat. These properties remain constant regardless of the size or quantity of the sample.

In contrast, if you combine two objects, the total mass will be equal to the sum of the individual masses of the objects. This is what makes mass an extensive property. The more mass there is in a system, the more extensive the property becomes.

Therefore, mass is an essential parameter for describing many physical phenomena, such as momentum, energy, and force. It is an essential factor in the laws of physics, and it plays a crucial role in determining the behavior of objects in motion.

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The freezing of water is not spontaneous above 0 degrees Celsius because it requires energy to break the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules.

At temperatures above 0 degrees Celsius, the kinetic energy of the water molecules is high enough to prevent the formation of a stable ice crystal lattice.

As the temperature decreases, the kinetic energy decreases and the hydrogen bonds become stronger, allowing the water molecules to arrange themselves into a stable lattice structure and freeze.

Thus, the process of freezing water above 0 degrees Celsius is not spontaneous as it requires an external source of energy to break the hydrogen bonds and initiate the formation of a stable ice crystal lattice.

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The weight of an object and its mass are directly proportional. For a given gravitational field strength, the greater the mass of the object, the greater its weight.

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The magnitude of the displacement is  11.18 cm/s

The magnitude of the instantaneous velocity at t = 2.0 s is 7.07 cm/s.

To find the magnitude of the dot's average velocity between t = 0 s and t = 2 s, we need to find the displacement of the dot and the time interval. The dot's position is given by the vector r = [ 4.0 cm + (2.5 cm/s²)t^2] i + ( 5.0 cm/s ) t j.

At t = 0 s, the dot's initial position is r_0 = 4.0 cm i. At t = 2 s, the dot's final position is r_f = [4.0 cm + (2.5 cm/s²)(2s)²] i + ( 5.0 cm/s ) (2s) j = [4.0 cm + 20 cm] i + 10 cm j. So the displacement of the dot is r_f - r_0 = 20 cm i + 10 cm j. The magnitude of the displacement is √(20² + 10²) = 22.36 cm. The average velocity is displacement over time interval.

Velocity = (displacement)/(time interval)

= √(20² + 10²) / 2

= 11.18 cm/s

To find the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity at t = 2.0 s, we need to take the derivative of the position vector with respect to time t. The position vector is given by r = [ 4.0 cm + (2.5 cm/s²)t²] i + ( 5.0 cm/s ) t j. The derivative of this vector with respect to time t is given by dr/dt = (5.0 cm/s²)t i + (5.0 cm/s) j.

Therefore, the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity at t = 2.0 s is the magnitude of the vector dr/dt at that time, which is √((5.0 cm/s²)(2s)² + (5.0 cm/s)²)

= √(50 cm/s)

= 7.07 cm/s

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Answer:

D. 3 hours or more

Explanation:

The average 8- to 18-year-old spends at least D. 3 hours every day in front of a screen, performing little to no physical activity. This is because, instead of exercising and socializing with their peers, children and teenagers frequently talk, watch a lot of movies/shows, or play video games on their computers. Unfortunately, this is typically considerably more than three hours every day. Although some children still prefer physical activities over this, the bulk of the population does not.

Despite their darkness, their lustrous dark fur coat can make them difficult, if not impossible, to spot. Panthers have small heads, powerful jaws, and emerald green eyes. Their hind legs are often larger and slightly longer than their front legs.

The ability to remain undetected is one of the main ways that panthers differ from other big cats. Panthers hunt at night since they are nocturnal.

Therefore, They can blend in with their surroundings thanks to their dark fur, and their keen eyesight and nose make it easier for them to find their prey.

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The apparent weight of the driver at the lowest point of the curve will be equal to the weight of the driver.

The apparent weight of an object is the force that it appears to have due to gravity, and is equal to the normal force acting on the object. The normal force is the force that an object experiences when it is in contact with a surface, and is perpendicular to the surface.

In the case of a car moving along a curved track, the normal force acting on the driver will be equal to the weight of the driver multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the normal force and the direction of gravity. This angle is known as the angle of inclination.

At the lowest point of the curve, the angle of inclination will be zero, which means that the normal force acting on the driver will be equal to the weight of the driver. Therefore, the apparent weight of the driver at the lowest point of the curve will be equal to the weight of the driver.

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Answer:

sequence

Explanation:

sequences are the way in which things are ordered, for example: 1, 2, 3, 4 is a sequence:)

Answer:

elastic and Inelastic

Explanation:

(a) The divergence angle of the Gaussian beam can be calculated using the formula θ = λ / (π * w0). (b) To decrease the beam spread from a 40° cone angle to a 10° cone angle, a lens system needs to be designed. (c) The Numerical Aperture (NA) of the receiver can be calculated using the formula NA = n * sin(θ).

(a) The divergence angle of the Gaussian beam can be calculated using the formula θ = λ / (π * w0), where λ is the wavelength and w0 is the spot size. Given that the spot size is 1 mm (or 0.001 m) and the wavelength is 0.82 µm (or 8.2 x 10^-7 m), we can substitute these values into the formula to find the divergence angle. The divergence angle is approximately 0.105 radians.

To calculate the spot size at 5 km, we can use the formula w = w0 + θ * z, where w0 is the initial spot size, θ is the divergence angle, and z is the propagation distance. Plugging in the values w0 = 1 mm, θ = 0.105 radians, and z = 5 km (or 5000 m), we can calculate the spot size at 5 km. The spot size at 5 km is approximately 1.525 mm.

(b) To decrease the beam spread from a 40° cone angle to a 10° cone angle, a lens system needs to be designed. Given that the source is a square planar radiator measuring 20 µm on a side, the initial beam spread corresponds to a cone with a full-cone angle of 40°. To decrease the cone angle to 10°, a lens system can be used to focus and collimate the light beam.

The specific design of the lens system depends on the requirements and constraints of the system. However, in general, a combination of lenses, such as converging and diverging lenses, can be used to manipulate the light beam. By properly selecting and arranging the lenses, the beam spread can be reduced to the desired 10° cone angle. The image size and position will vary depending on the specific lens system design.

(c) The Numerical Aperture (NA) of the receiver can be calculated using the formula NA = n * sin(θ), where n is the refractive index of the medium and θ is the half-angle subtended by the receiver's photodetector. In this case, the receiver has a 10-cm focal length and a 1-cm photodetector diameter, which corresponds to a half-angle of θ = arctan(0.5/10) ≈ 2.86°.

Given that there is an inserted medium with a refractive index of n = 1.5 between the lens and detector, we can substitute these values into the NA formula. The Numerical Aperture of the receiver is approximately NA = 1.5 * sin(2.86°) ≈ 0.076.

The material dispersion (M) of a laser diode for a given wavelength can be calculated using the formula M = (dλ / λ), where dλ is the change in wavelength and λ is the original wavelength. However, in the provided question, the value for the change in wavelength (dλ) is not given, so it's not possible to calculate the material dispersion of the laser diode.

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Explanation:

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time. When acceleration increases a body moves a faster velocity.

A vehicle at time 100s will have a faster velocity compared to one at t = 20s

The value of the spring constant for this spring is 80 N/m. This indicates that the spring will exert a force of 80 N for every meter it is stretched or compressed from its equilibrium position.

The spring constant, denoted by k, represents the stiffness of the spring and is measured in newtons per meter (N/m). To find the value of the spring constant, we can use Hooke's Law which states that the force applied to a spring is proportional to the extension or compression of the spring. Mathematically, this can be expressed as F = -kx, where F is the applied force, x is the displacement from the equilibrium position, and the negative sign indicates that the force is in the opposite direction to the displacement.

Using the given values, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the spring constant as k = -F/x. Substituting the values of the force and displacement, we get k = -20 N/0.25 m = -80 N/m. However, since the spring constant is always positive, we need to take the absolute value of the result, which gives us k = 80 N/m.

In summary, the spring constant of the spring stretched by a distance of 0.25 m with a force of 20 N is 80 N/m. This means that for every meter the spring is stretched or compressed, it will exert a force of 80 N in the opposite direction.

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Answer:

5.8(cm)

Explanation:

mass = volume x density

Substitute all given values into formula, which will give you: 178.92(g) = volume × 0.917(g/cm)

since volume = (length)^3, you can substitute length in as:

178.93 = (length)^3 × 0.917

195.125 = (length)^3

∛195.125 = length

length = 5.8 (cm)

Answer:

It will take you 10 miles and no, you will not be late.

Explanation:

Convection differs from radiation in the sense that in radiation, matter is not involved. Option D.

The term heat transfer has to do with the movement of heat from one point another. Recall that heat transfer is one of the things that does occur in nature. There are three kinds of heat transfer that occur in nature and these are;

Let us recall that in the process of convection, there is the movement of heat from one point to the other via the actual movement of the particles of the substance.  On the other hand, radiation occur when heat is transferred without an movement or contact between the objects  between which the heat is transferred. Thus, when air masses are moving, it is a process of convection taking place.

Hence, the difference between conduction and radiation is that matter is involved in convection but not in radiation.

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The critical angle of the transparent material is 35.3 degrees.

The critical angle is the angle of incidence at which the angle of refraction is 90 degrees. In this case, the angle of refraction is 32 degrees. Therefore, the critical angle is calculated as follows:

sin(critical angle) = sin(90 degrees) / sin(angle of refraction)

sin(critical angle) = 1 / sin(32 degrees)

sin(critical angle) = 0.574

critical angle = arcsin(0.574)

critical angle = 35.3 degrees

Therefore, the critical angle of the transparent material is 35.3 degrees.

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In the Doppler effect, wavelengths ahead of the wave source are "shorter" than waves produced by a stationary source. This is because the wave source is moving towards the observer, so the waves are compressed. The opposite is true for waves behind the wave source, which are stretched out. This is because the wave source is moving away from the observer.

The Doppler effect is a phenomenon that occurs when there is a relative motion between a wave source and an observer. The effect is named after Christian Doppler, who first described it in 1842. The Doppler effect can be observed with all types of waves, including sound waves, light waves, and radio waves.

The Doppler effect has many practical applications. It is used in radar to measure the speed of moving objects, such as cars and airplanes. It is also used in astronomy to measure the speed of stars and galaxies.

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The radioactive decay is shown in the image attached to this answer

Answer:

Alpha

Explanation:

An alpha decay is said to have occurred when the mass number of the daughter nucleus decreases by four units and the atomic number of the daughter nucleus decreases by two units.

If we look at the equation from left to right, we will notice that the mass number of the daughter nucleus decreased by four units and the atomic of the daughter nucleus number by two units compared to that of the parent nucleus leading to the emission of an alpha particle.

Answer:

392 Newtons

Explanation:

In order to find the weight, you have to multiply the mass by the gravitation constant (9.8), which gives us 40.0 * 9.8 = 392 Newtons.

Answer:

80 meters

Explanation:

Answer:

So the distance covered is 80meters

Explanation:

Speed=72km/h=20m/s

Time=4seconds

Distance covered=?

As we know that

Speed=distance covered/time taken

Speed*time taken=distance covered

Putting values

Distance covered=20m/s*4s

Distance covered =80meters

I hope it will help you

Answer:

A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light can not get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying. Because no light can get out, people can't see black holes.